El orujo de Physalis peruviana suprime la hipercolesterolemia inducida por una dieta rica en colesterol en ratas

Physalis peruviana (goldenberry) is a promising fruits that can be an ingredient in several functional foods. No reports are available on the effect of the administration of goldenberry pomace on different aspects of the plasma lipid profile in experimental animals. According to the chemical composition of the fruit pomace which includes high levels of bioactive compounds, the hypothesis was that feeding Physalis peruviana pomace may have health-promoting and hypercholesterolemic impacts on rats fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding goldenberry pomace on hypercholesterolemia by analyzing the changes in lipid profiles in HCD fed rats. The chemical composition, lipid profiles (fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols) and phenolic contents of the fruit pomace were determined. Generally, rats fed the fruit pomace showed lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), total triacylglycerol (TAG) and total low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as higher levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in comparison with animals fed HCD and cholesterol free diets (CFD). Histological examinations of the liver and kidney were also studied. The results demonstrated that goldenberry pomace consumption provides overall beneficial effects on reversing HCD associated detrimental changes.Physalis peruviana (aguaymanto) es un fruto prometedor que puede ser parte de diferentes alimentos funcionales. No hay datos disponibles sobre el efecto de la administración del orujo de aguaymanto sobre diferentes aspectos del perfil de lipídos plasmáticos en animales de experimentación. De acuerdo con la composición química del orujo de la fruta que incluye altos niveles de compuestos bioactivos, se demostró la hipótesis de que la alimentación con orujo de Physalis peruviana puede tener efectos saludables y sobre la hipercolesterolemia en ratas alimentadas con una dieta alta en colesterol (HCD). Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de una alimentación con orujo de Physalis peruviana o sobre la hipercolesterolemia analizando los cambios del perfil lipídico en ratas alimentadas con una dieta alta en colesterol (HCD). Se determinó la composición química, el perfil lipídico (ácidos grasos, tocoferoles y esteroles) y contenido fenólico del orujo de aguaymanto. En términos generales, las ratas alimentadas con orujo de aguaymanto mostraron niveles más bajos de colesterol total (TC), triglicéridos totales (TAG) y lipoproteínas de baja densidad totales, así como superiores niveles de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) en comparación con los animales alimentados con HCD y con una dieta libre de colesterol (CFD). El examen histológico del hígado y de los riñones fue también realizado. Los resultados demostraron que el consumo de orujo de aguaymanto proporciona efectos beneficiosos generales invirtiendo los cambios perjudiciales asociados a una dieta HCD

Perfil lipídico, poder antirradicalario y propiedades antimicrobianas del aceite de Syzygium aromaticum

In this investigation cold pressed clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil (CO) was studied for its lipid classes, fatty acid profiles and tocol contents. The radical scavenging potential and antimicrobial properties of CO were also evaluated. The levels of neutral lipids in CO was the highest (ca. 94.7% of total lipids), followed by glycolipids and phospholipids. The main fatty acids in CO were linoleic and oleic, which comprise together ca. 80% of total fatty acids. Stearic and palmitic acids were the main saturated fatty acids. a- and γ-tocopherols and d-tocotrienol were the main tocols. CO quenched 70% of DPPH• radicals after 1 h, while extra virgin olive oil was able to quench only 45%. ESR measurements also showed the same pattern, wherein CO quenched 57% of galvinoxyl radical and olive oil deactivated about 38%. The results of antimicrobial properties revealed that CO inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms. CO had a drastic effect on the biosynthesis of protein and lipids in the cells of B. subtilis. In consideration of is tpotential utilization, detailed knowledge on the composition and functional properties of CO is of major importance.Se ha estudiado el aceite de clavo (Syzygium aromaticum) obtenido mediante presión en frío (CO) y sus diferentes clases de lípidos, perfiles de ácidos grasos y contenido en tocoles. También se evaluó el potencial captador de radicales y las propiedades antimicrobianas del CO. Los niveles de lípidos neutros en CO fue mayoritario (aprox. 94,7% de lípidos totales), seguido de glicolípidos y fosfolípidos. Los principales ácidos grasos en CO fueron linoleico y oleico, que comprenden juntos el 80% de ácidos grasos totales. Los ácidos esteárico y palmítico fueron los principales ácidos grasos saturados. α- y γ-Tocoferol y δ-Tocotrienol fueron los principales tocoles. CO atrapó el 70% de los radicales DPPH• después de 1 h, mientras que el aceite de oliva virgen extra fue capaz de atrapar sólo el 45%. Las medidas de ESR también mostraron el mismo patrón, en el que CO inactivó 57% de radicales galvinoxil os y el aceite de olive desactivó aproximadamente el 38%. Los resultados de las propiedades antimicrobianas revelaron que el CO inhibió el crecimiento de todos los microorganismos ensayados. CO mostró un efecto drástico en la biosíntesis de proteínas y lípidos en las células de B. subtilis. En relación al potencial utilización, el conocimiento detallado de la composición y propiedades funcionales de CO es de gran importancia

Finite Element Modelling of Strengthened Simple Beams using FRP Techniques: A parametric Study

The main objective of this paper is to study analytically the strengthening of a simplereinforced concrete beams due to excessive uniform loads in flexure, shear and acombination of flexure and shear, using externally bonded FRP sheets technique. Acommercial finite element computer program ANSYS has been used to perform a structurallinear and non-linear analysis for several models using several schemes of FRP sheets. Aparametric study has been performed for a lot of strengthened beams. FE models studies amain parameter of different schemes of FRP sheets in flexure, shear and combinationflexure/shear. Comparing the results with a control beam model – simple reinforcedconcrete beam without strengthening – it is obvious that all strengthened beams have agreater ultimate capacity than the control beam and noticeable enhancement in memberductility. The increasing level differs as a result of the strengthening scheme. Thestrengthened beam in both flexure and shear gives a higher ultimate load capacity, delay thefailure and prevent debonding failure up to a level at which debonding occurs in bothlongitudinal and wrapped jackets CFRP sheets

Experimental study on heat recovery using multi tube tank: effect of changing the head shape

This work presents a heat recovery system utilized to heat water from exhaust gases of a chimney. A waste heat recovery system is suggested named as “multi tube tank”. The suggested design is illustrated and described. The system is constructed and tested. In order to enhance the system effect of changing the head shape is studied. Two head were constructed: cylindrical and conical. Results shows that conical head reflected better performance compared to cylindrical head. For a cylindrical head water temperature increase to maximum 60 °C in 275 min. while for conical 16 head water temperature increased to 70 °C in 275 min and the system was able to increase the water temperature more up to 80 °C in 400 min

Study on Quality of Pair Distribution Function for Direct Space Approach of Structure Investigation

Study of the structure characteristics of solid materials is a key for development of technological applications. Potential of direct space approach for structure determination and refinement using powder X-ray diffraction data depend on the quality of pair distribution function (PDF) plot. So, the effect of data collection conditions and diffractogram characteristics on the quality of PDF plot has been investigated in detail. In addition, errors and possible tolerance have been estimated. Some parameters affect only either the X-ray diffractogram or PDF plots and others affect both. Considering the errors and tolerance, direct space approach can be confidently used for structure refinement, where the error did not exceed 10.0 % for inter-atomic radial distance longer than » 2.0 ? and 5.0 % for longer than » 4.0 ?, which is accepted for structure refinement. As tolerance is considered, every time the value of the lattice parameter is changed to smaller or larger than the correct value (+ 8.0 %), it comes back to the initial correct one. Although, advanced synchrotron radiation shows better data, conventional source can be used successfully for structure investigation applying direct space approach

Synthesis and Reactivity of 6-Iodo-4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-one Towards Nitrogen Nucleophiles and Their Antimicrobial Activities

In attempt to find new pharmacological active molecules, we synthesized 6-iodo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one and allowed it to react with some nitrogen nucleophiles namely; hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrazine hydrate, fomamide, aliphatic amine, aromatic amines, aralkyl amine, different amino acids, heteryl amines, ethanolamine and sodium azide to afford annelated quinazolinone derivatives and other related systems. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectra. Also their antimicrobial activities were screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Keywords: 6-Iodo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one; quinazolinone derivatives;  nitrogen nucleophiles; antimicrobial activity

Evaluation of the safety and antioxidant activities of Crocus sativus and Propolis ethanolic extracts

AbstractThe possible toxicological effects and in vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus and Propolis were investigated. Both extracts did not cause any mortalities or signs of toxicity in mice when administered orally at doses up to 5g/kgb.wt. In the sub-chronic study; the tested extracts did not produce any significant change in liver and kidney functions of rats, following oral administration for 8 successive weeks at doses of 500mg/kgb.wt. of each. Propolis showed remarkable in vitro antioxidant activity at concentrations of (40–100mg/ml). In contrast, the ethanolic extract of C. sativus ethanolic extract showed weak antioxidant activity in concentrations of (1–10mg/ml) while at concentrations of (20–100mg/ml) failed to exhibit any antioxidant activity. It was concluded that: both extracts were non-toxic, as they did not cause any mortalities or signs of toxicity in mice when administered orally at doses up to 5g/kgb.wt. Daily oral administration of C. sativus, Propolis ethanolic extracts alone or in combination for 8 successive weeks to rats was quiet safe and didn't cause any toxic changes in liver and kidney. Antioxidant study showed that Propolis ethanolic extract was a more potent antioxidant than C. sativus extract

Characterization of Sidr (Ziziphus spp.) Honey from Different Geographical Origins

The current investigation was conducted to assess the melissopalynological, physicochemical, and biochemical properties, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 794 Sidr honey samples collected from the Saudi market that had been imported from 12 different countries. Testing Sidr honey from different countries showed different levels of growth suppression observed against five drug resistant bacterial strains. The pathogenic strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity showed growth suppression levels which varied according to the origin of the honey. The comparative study of Sidr honeys revealed a strong correlation between total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and significant radical scavenging activities in particular Egyptian and Saudi Arabian honeys. The melissopalynological and physicochemical properties of different Sidr honeys complied with the recommendations of the WHO Codex Alimentarius, the European Union standards for honey quality, and the Gulf Technical Regulation on honey (GSO 147:2008-Standards Store-GCC Standardization Organization). It was concluded that Sidr honey from different geographical areas has the capacity to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria and perform significant radical scavenging activities