Tolkappiya Meyppatukalin ullitukalum Natrinai Mantarin ulaviyalum

Tholkappiyam is the most ancient extent Tamil grammer text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil Literature. The surviving manuscripts of the Tholka ppiyam consists of three books each with nine chapters namely Eluthu, Chol and porul. Among the nine chapters in porul, Maippattiyal is one of the above nine. It is named thus in view of the fact that it expounds the feelings and emotions.  The scholars will say the eight states of being beginning with Nagai, Azukai, ilivaral, Marutkkai, Acham, Perumitham, Vekuli, uvakai are the basic eight categories of Meyppadu. This Article Compares the above eight categories with Natrinai is a book of Ettuthogai a Sangam literature anthology. This belongs to Sangam Poetry of the oldest extant Tamil Literature

Sahitya Akademi Award Winning ‘Gopalla Gramam’ - An Information Repository

The purpose of this article is to explore the disappearing uniqueness in Rajanarayana's Sahitya Academy Award-winning novel Gopalla Gramam. It is said to be a novel. But there is no complete storytelling in this novel that is unique to a novel. So no specific characters were found. There is no continuous sequel in the storytelling process. However, it has acquired the unique status that a novel deserves. A lot of people exist in this. A lot of incidents do happen. The novel is considered to be a wonderful work that contains a lot of information and traces of time. The characters in this novel have every kind of relevance. The novel also explores the lifestyles and customs of different types of people, both socially and individually. It has also recorded social issues. Many colloquialisms that have been in circulation at that time are recorded. On the whole, the purpose of this article is to explore the availability of Ki Ra’s ‘Gopalla Gramam’ as an information repository

Effect of yogic practices on selected physiological variables among hypertensive middle-aged women

The purpose of the random group experimental study was to investigate the effect of Yogic Practices on selected Physiological variables such as Systolic, Diastolic and Body Mass Index (BMI) among Hypertensive middle aged women. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference due to Yogic Practices on selected Physiological variables such as Systolic, Diastolic and Body Mass Index (BMI) among Hypertensive middle-aged women than the control group. Random group experimental design was used. The random sampling design was followed to select the subjects. To achieve the purpose of the study, 30 women between the age 45 and 55 years were selected randomly from Chennai and they were divided into two groups such as Yogic Practices (Group A) and Control Group (Group B). Each group consists of 15 subjects. The pre-test was taken for the two Groups on the selected dependent variables before the start of the training program. Group A was undergoing Yogic Practices for 12weeks, 6 days a week, One-hour maximum daily and Group B (Control Group) was permitted to undergo their normal lifestyle (active rest) during the course of the experiment. After the experimental period of 12 weeks, Post-tests were conducted for the two groups on selected dependent variables. The selected Physiological variables such as Systolic, Diastolic and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured through Lab test. Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant difference between experimental group and the Control Group. The test of significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence. It was concluded that Yogic Practices improved Physiological variables among Hypertensive middle-aged women than the Control Group. Hence, the hypothesis was accepted at 0.05 level of confidence

Becnh Mark Study on The Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Marine Application

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Adaptive undivided wheel opener

Adaptive undivided wheel opener is a special purpose tool used to tighten and loosen all the nuts of wheel at the same time with less effort. It uses bevel gear assembly for transmitting torque to the nuts and lock – nut arrangement have been used to make the system adjustable to the required pitch length. The most desired advantage is that the total time consumed in the process is very less. It can open and refit the wheel with same tool. Tool is simple in design and easily portable along with vehicle

Placenta and its clinical correlations

INTRODUCTION: The word ‘placenta’ connotes a functional union between fetal and maternal structures, and in the human this union has developed to a remarkable degree, as a consequence of the evolutionary development which has followed internal fertilization of a single ovum and the retention of the embryo within the mother for a relatively long time. Placenta is a diplomatic intermediary between mother and child; ten months nourisher of the still helpless fetus; the tender supplier of fetal requisites; eminent emissary of fetal waste; the wise interpreter of harmful intruders ( to the child); the physiological parasite; siphoning off blood not for itself, but for the growing fetus – which in turn as a token of gratitude carries in it’s body during extrauterine life, the only scar a human being is never ashamed of – “the umbilicus”. The placenta is the most accurate record of the infant’s prenatal experiences. The fetus, cord and the placenta constitute genetically identical parts of a unit that share the uterine environment. AIM OF THE STUDY: Placental examination offers a lot of information of prognostic significance for the newborn. This enables the neonatologist to handle the babies much more efficiently. This prompted me to study the placental shapes, cord insertion, lobes and gestational outcome and to correlatre the morphological / morphometric features with clinical picture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 placentae were collected from Raja Mirasudhar Hospital ‘s Maternity ward and operation theatre. The placentae collected were from normal deliveries & caesarean sections. The collected placentae were washed in tap water and membranes examined. The specimens were transported to the Anatomy Department in 10% Formalin filled bucket. Following parameters were taken into consideration for the study of placenta & umbilical cord. a) Weight was measured using a weighing scale. b) The shape was observed & noted by naked eye examination. c) The Diameter was measured by a measuring tape, d) The thickness was measured using a Webers compass. e) The number of cotyledons were counted visually and, f) The colour of the membranes was noted and presence of any cyst was searched for. As far as the umbilical cord, a) The length was measured from the umbilicus of the baby the cut end. The length of cord upto its insertion on the foetal surface of placenta was also measured using a measuring ape. Cord length was calculated by adding both. This was done prior to transporting placenta. b) The thickness was measured using a measuring tape. Apart from these morphometric analysis, following were also noted. (i) Presence or Absence of placental calcification. (ii) Presence or absence of retroplacental clots. (iii) Abnormalities of wharton’s jelly. (iv) Abnormalities of umbilical vessels such as single umbilical artery, vessel constriction and segmental thinning were looked for (v) Type of insertion of umbilical cord was noted. (vi) Presence of true knots and false knots were looked for as clinical correlation was made. SUMMARY: The summary of the study of morphology & morphometric analysis of placenta is as follows: A total of 100 specimens of placenta and umbilical cord were studied in the present study. The placenta were derived from 53 primigravida and 47 multigravida. 85 were from uncomplicated cases and 15 were from factors complicating pregnancy. Out of 100 specimens, 52 were from male, 48 from female. Out of 100 specimens studied, 93 were circular, 7 were oval. The weight of the placenta ranges from 230 gms to 680 gms in case of female with an average of 512.71 gms & 250 gms to 760 gms with an average of 504.81 gms in case of male children. The diameter of the placenta in the present study ranges from 14 cms to 22 cms, average being 17.6 cms. The placental thickness ranges from 1.1 cms to 2.5 cms, with an average of being about 1.8 cms. The ratio between the foetal weight and placental weight in case of male was 5.98 and in case of female was 6.02. The placental coefficient in the present study is 0.17 both in male and female. The average number of cotyledons was 20. Subchorionic fibrosis and Tasselations seen in all placentae. No placental calcification seen. Retroplacental clots seen in 4 cases and all of them were associated with Abruptio placentae. The average length of the umbilical cord was 54.4 cms. Present study showed eccentric type of cord insertion in 66, central type in 27, Marginal type in 7. False knots noticed in 6 cases. Diameter of the umbilical cord on an average was 1.24 cms. Whartons Jelly present in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological studies of placenta in high risk group and subsequent cytogenetic analysis will prove presence or absence of chromosomal foetal malformations in terms of 8 – 24 weeks when termination is possible. Morphometry is an indirect and non-invasive approach to the study of the physiology and physiopathology of gestation in the human. Morphometry is a good adjuvant to histopathology. Gross examination was more informative, though microscopic examination would have been necessary. Triage is the sorting and allocation of treatment according to a system of priorities in order to maximize treatment. Placental triage promptly after delivery of the placenta with documentation of the findings in the medical record only takes a few minutes, and allows for the identification of abnormal placentae to be submitted for detailed gross and microscopic examination. It requires familiarity with normal gross placental anatomy. Our study concludes with a recommendation that a systematic procedure has to be adopted and documentation for comprehensive examination of the placental disk as a whole, the umbilical cord, the extra placental membranes, the fetal surface, the maternal surface and the parenchyma. Otherwise, the placenta is dumped into the dustbin with all its useful information

Socio-Economic and Occupational Status of The Fisherman Community in Thoothukudi District

This research study aims to examine the socioeconomic and occupational status of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district, located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, India. The fishing community plays a vital role in the region's economy, contributing to the livelihoods of numerous households and supporting the local fishery industry. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data on various aspects of the fisherman community's socioeconomic conditions and occupational dynamics. A representative sample of fishermen and their families residing in different coastal villages within the Thoothukudi district will be selected for data collection. The quantitative phase involves administering structured surveys to collect data on demographic characteristics, education levels, household income, asset ownership, and access to social welfare programs. Additionally, information related to occupational factors such as fishing techniques, equipment, fishing practices, and income generated from fishing activities will be collected. The qualitative phase comprises in-depth interviews with a subset of participants to explore their perceptions, challenges, and aspirations related to their occupation and socio-economic circumstances. The qualitative data will provide a nuanced understanding of the fisherman community's lived experiences, social networks, and community support systems. The collected data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods and qualitative thematic analysis techniques. The findings of this research are expected to shed light on the current socioeconomic and occupational status of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district. The study will also identify key challenges and opportunities faced by the community, including issues related to poverty, education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The results of this study can inform policymakers, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations working towards the welfare and development of the fisherman community. By understanding the socio-economic and occupational dynamics, stakeholders can design targeted interventions and policies to enhance the livelihoods, well-being, and sustainable development of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district and similar coastal regions

Human Impact on Marine Life and Ecosystems: An Assessment of Conservation Strategies

Human activities have had a significant impact on marine life and ecosystems, necessitating the implementation of conservation strategies to mitigate further damage. This abstract examines various conservation strategies and their effectiveness in addressing the human impact on marine environments. Industrialization, overfishing, pollution, and climate change have all had serious consequences for marine life. Coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and marine biodiversity have been degraded to unprecedented levels. To protect marine ecosystems, conservation strategies such as marine protected areas (MPAs), sustainable fishing practises, and pollution control measures have been implemented. MPAs have emerged as powerful tools for safeguarding critical habitats and species. They increase biodiversity, improve fish stocks, and mitigate the effects of human activity. Their success, however, is dependent on proper design, enforcement, and long-term monitoring. Sustainable fishing practices, such as ecosystem-based management and the implementation of fishing quotas, aim to ensure the long-term viability of fish populations while lowering bycatch and habitat destruction. These strategies have shown promise in restoring fish stocks and maintaining ecosystem health. Pollution control measures, such as wastewater treatment and stricter regulations on industrial and shipping activities, have been critical in reducing marine pollution. However, more comprehensive approaches are required to address emerging threats such as microplastics and chemical contaminants. The study's primary goal is to identify the factors that influence the organic product market in India. A sample size of 201 is used for empirical research. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, is the sample location. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, and monthly income are the independent variables. Biological Data, Environmental Data and Socio-economic Data are the dependent variables. It is possible to conclude that there is a lack of a well-established market for organic products in India, despite the fact that organic products have a high export potential. Finally, conservation strategies are critical for mitigating human impacts on marine life and ecosystems. MPAs, sustainable fishing practises, and pollution control measures can all help restore and protect marine biodiversity. However, ongoing research, adaptive management, and international cooperation are required to develop and refine these strategies to address emerging challenges in marine conservation

Comparative Study of Ram Air Turbines based on Wind Tunnel Study for Specific Air Borne Energy Extraction

Ram Air Turbines (RAT) are used for emergency on-board power generation on aircraft and associated systems. Many studies on usage of RATs have shown promising results in terms of using RATs as a source of emergency on-board power generation. Many external podded systems on aircraft utilise RATs for self-sufficient adaptation. These pods generate their own power using RATs for their power requirements instead of depending on the mother aircraft power. Commercial cargo planes use RATs for generating emergency hydraulic power. A RAT was suggested to be used for emergency power, during failure of main alternator on a prototype aircraft. A specific requirement of the RAT was also to produce high drag for aerodynamic braking when deployed and concurrently generate electrical energy. Three models with different solidity were studied in wind tunnel at different wind speeds for suitability of this drag-energy combination. This paper presents the results of the study. Based on the results, a suitable RAT was selected for further analysis and ground trials

Utilisation of Ram Air Turbine on a Fighter Platform for Energy Extraction Failure Mode Study

Aircraft electrical system needs to be robust enough to cater for electrical power requirements of all the systems of the aircraft and all the safety/degraded mission critical systems in failure modes. Designing such a robust electrical system for a developmental aircraft program is a challenge. A developmental aircraft during its various phases would involve integration of additional systems and new weapons (in case of fighter aircraft). Integration of newer systems imposes fresh challenges in managing the electrical system architecture especially in failure modes. Weapon integration in a prototype fighter program is dynamic as newer contemporary weapons are developed at faster pace and ever evolving. Power crisis through existing on-board power generation systems in failure mode was felt during an indigenous aircraft development program. A novel idea of introducing a Ram Air Turbine and utilize the power generated during main alternator failure for critical systems was studied. The intention of this paper is to cover the details of the study carried out towards utlisation of such a Ram Air Turbine in landing phase for extraction of energy in case of main alternator failure