Extension of Nikiforov-Uvarov Method for the Solution of Heun Equation

We report an alternative method to solve second order differential equations which have at most four singular points. This method is developed by changing the degrees of the polynomials in the basic equation of Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. This is called extended NU method for this paper. The eigenvalue solutions of Heun equation and confluent Heun equation are obtained via extended NU method. Some quantum mechanical problems such as Coulomb problem on a 3-sphere, two Coulombically repelling electrons on a sphere and hyperbolic double-well potential are investigated by this method

A new surgical technique to facilitate osteochondral autograft transfer in osteochondral defects of the capitellum: A case report

A 17-year-old boy who was engaged in amateur weightlifting and body building presented with complaints of right elbow pain and limitation in elbow range of motion. Plain x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging showed an osteochondral defect in the medial third of the capitellum. At surgery, as a new technique, the lateral collateral ligament was detached from the humeral attachment to provide access to the capitellum with a clear and perpendicular exposure. Following removal of loose fragments within the joint, an osteochondral graft harvested from the lateral femoral condyle was implanted to the defect area of the capitellum. Postoperative radiologic controls showed that the defect was entirely filled by the graft with appropriate graft height. On follow-up examination at 12 months, the patient did not have any complaint about his elbow, and had no limitation of movement compared to the left elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the graft was successfully adapted to the recipient site without any sign of loosening. At final follow-up 40 months after surgery, the surface of the articular cartilage appeared normal. The range of elbow motion was preserved and the patient had no restriction in daily and sports activities. Considering technical difficulties posed by the narrow and complex structure of the elbow joint, this new technique involving detachment of the lateral collateral ligament facilitates perpendicular implantation of the graft. In our opinion, utilization of this new technique will improve functional and radiological results of osteochondral autograft transfer. © 2010 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Chest trauma experience over eleven-year period at al-mouassat university teaching hospital-Damascus: a retrospective review of 888 cases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Thoracic trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we present our 11-year experience in the management and clinical outcome of 888 chest trauma cases as a result of blunt and penetrating injuries in our university hospital in Damascus, Syria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We reviewed files of 888 consequent cases of chest trauma between January 2000 and January 2011. The mean age of our patients was 31 ± 17 years mostly males with blunt injuries. Patients were evaluated and compared according to age, gender, etiology of trauma, thoracic and extra-thoracic injuries, complications, and mortality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The leading cause of the trauma was violence (41%) followed by traffic accidents (33%). Pneumothorax (51%), Hemothorax (38%), rib fractures (34%), and lung contusion (15%) were the most common types of injury. Associated injuries were documented in 36% of patients (extremities 19%, abdomen 13%, head 8%). A minority of the patients required thoracotomy (5.7%), and tube thoracostomy (56%) was sufficient to manage the majority of cases. Mean hospital LOS was 4.5 ± 4.6 days. The overall mortoality rate was 1.8%, and morbidity (n = 78, 8.7%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>New traffic laws (including seat belt enforcement) reduced incidence and severity of chest trauma in Syria. Violence was the most common cause of chest trauma rather than road traffic accidents in this series, this necessitates epidemiologic or multi-institutional studies to know to which degree violence contributes to chest trauma in Syria. The number of fractured ribs can be used as simple indicator of the severity of trauma. And we believe that significant neurotrauma, traffic accidents, hemodynamic status and GCS upon arrival, ICU admission, ventilator use, and complication of therapy are predictors of dismal prognosis.</p

A research on the public's view on and expectations from the new presidential government system in the Southeastern Anatolian region

Öz:Türkiye, uzun yıllar süren hükümet sistemi tartışmalarıneticesinde 16 Nisan 2017’de halk oylaması ile CumhurbaşkanlığıHükümet Sistemi önerisini kabul etti. Ardından erken seçim kararı aldıve 24 Haziran 2018 tarihinde yapılan Cumhurbaşkanlığı ve parlamentoseçimlerinde yeni sistemin ilk organlarını seçti. O tarihten itibarenözellikle yürütüme alanında yeni sisteme uyum çalışmaları çeşitlihukuksal düzenlemelerle devam etmektedir. CumhurbaşkanlığıHükümet Sistemi’nin eksikliklerinin ve aksayan yönlerinin olacağıtahmin edilmektedir. Ancak sorunların çözümünün sistem içidüzenlemelerle giderilmesinin mümkün olacağı düşünülmektedir.Bu çalışma üniversite bünyesinde yürütülen bir bilimselaraştırma projesi olup, halkın yeni sisteme bakışı ve bu sistemden beklentilerini ölçmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma GüneydoğuAnadolu Bölgesi’nin dört önemli ve siyasi profilleri bakımından farklıilinde 1330 kişi ile yüz yüze ve tesadüfî yöntemle ve anket formuuygulaması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri bilgisayarpaket programı ile analiz edilmiş olup, bulgulara araştırma içindedetaylı biçimde yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; GüneydoğuAnadolu Bölgesi’ndeki halk Türkiye’de bir hükümet sistemi değişikliğiniistemektedir, ancak hangi sistemin daha iyi olacağı hakkındakararsızdır. Bölge halkının, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemihakkında bilgisinin yeterli olmadığı, sistem hakkında daha çok siyasipartileriningörüşüneyakındeğerlendirmelerdebulunduklarısöylenebilir. Bölgede yaşayan halk, yeni sistemden en çok siyasi veekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasını beklemektedir. Elde edilen bulgularsonuç kısmında maddeler halinde verilmiştir.Abstract:After a long discussion on the governmental system, Turkey has accepted the proposal of the “presidential government system” in April 16, 2017. Then, with the decision on early elections, the presidential and parliamentary elections held on June 24, 2018, the first organs of the new system were elected. Since then, works on adaptation to the new system have continued with various legal arrangements. It is estimated that the Presidential Government System will have shortcomings and deficiencies. However, it is thought that the solution of the problems can be solved by internal regulations. This study is a scientific research project carried out by a university and it is aimed to measure the public's view on the new system and their expectations from this system. The research has been carried out with randomly selected 1330 people in Southeastern Anatolia Region. It was carried out in this region’s four different provinces which are important in terms of political profiles. The data of the study were analyzed by computer packed programs and the findings were detailed in the research. According to the study, the people in the Southeast want a change related to government system in Turkey, but are undecided about which system would be better. It can be said that the people of the region do not have enough knowledge about the Presidential Government System and they evaluate the system similar to the views of political parties. People living in the region mostly expect political and economic stability from the new system. The findings are given in the result section as substances

Tibial torus and toddler's fractures misdiagnosed as transient synovitis: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The high incidence of transient synovitis in early childhood makes it the first suspected pathology in a limping child. Trauma, which has long been regarded as a causative factor for transient synovitis, may be underestimated in a non-cooperative toddler.</p> <p>After excluding most serious conditions, such as septic arthritis, a speculative diagnosis of transient synovitis can be made, and this can easily mask a subtle musculoskeletal injury.</p> <p>Case presentations</p> <p>We report the cases of three Caucasian patients (two boys, aged 20-months- and three-years-old, and one girl, aged two-years-old), with tibial torus and toddler's fractures which were late-diagnosed due to an initial misdiagnosis of transient synovitis of the hip.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In a non-cooperative child musculoskeletal trauma can be mistaken as a simple causative factor for transient synovitis of the hip and this can easily prevent further investigation for a possible subtle musculoskeletal injury of the lower extremities.</p> <p>Our experience with the presented cases suggests the need to be more vigilant in the differential diagnosis of transient synovitis in young children.</p

Multicenter Analysis of Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Valganciclovir is the only approved antiviral for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention in pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT). Additional approaches may be needed to improve outcomes. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study from 2016 to 2019 was conducted of pediatric SOT recipients in whom at least 3 months of valganciclovir prophylaxis was planned. Episodes of CMV DNA in blood (DNAemia), CMV disease, drug-related toxicities, as well as other infections in the first year posttransplant and demographic and clinical data were collected. CMV DNAemia in the first year after prophylaxis or during prophylaxis (breakthrough) was analyzed by multivariate hazard models. RESULTS: Among the 749 patients enrolled, 131 (17.5%) had CMV DNAemia at any time in the first year; 85 (11.4%) had breakthrough DNAemia, and 46 (6.1%) had DNAemia after prophylaxis. CMV disease occurred in 30 (4%). In a multivariate model, liver transplantation compared to kidney or heart, intermediate or high risk based on donor/recipient serologies, neutropenia, and valganciclovir dose modifications attributed to toxicity were associated with increased risk of total and/or breakthrough DNAemia. Bacteremia was also associated with increased hazard ratio for CMV DNAemia. In a separate multivariate analysis, rejection occurred more often in those with breakthrough CMV DNAemia ( CONCLUSIONS: CMV DNAemia in the first year posttransplantation occurs despite valganciclovir prophylaxis and is associated with medication toxicity, bacteremia, and rejection. Pediatric studies of newer antivirals, especially in higher-risk subpopulations, appear to be warranted

Initial load-to-failure and failure analysis in single- and double-row repair techniques for rotator cuff repair

This experimental study aimed to compare the load-to-failure rate and stiffness of single- versus double-row suture techniques for repairing rotator cuff lesions using two different suture materials. Additionally, the mode of failure of each repair was evaluated. In 32 sheep shoulders, a standardized tear of the infraspinatus tendon was created. Then, n = 8 specimen were randomized to four repair methods: (1) Double-row Anchor Ethibond(A (R)) coupled with polyester sutures, USP No. 2; (2) Double-Row Anchor HiFi(A (R)) with polyblend polyethylene sutures, USP No. 2; (3) Single-Row Anchor Ethibond(A (R)) coupled with braided polyester sutures, USP No. 2; and (4) Single-Row Anchor HiFi(A (R)) with braided polyblend polyethylene sutures, USP No. 2. Arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches were placed (single-row) and combined with medial horizontal mattress stitches (double-row). All specimens were loaded to failure at a constant displacement rate on a material testing machine. Group 4 showed lowest load-to-failure result with 155.7 +/- A 31.1 N compared to group 1 (293.4 +/- A 16.1 N) and group 2 (397.7 +/- A 7.4 N) (P < 0.001). Stiffness was highest in group 2 (162 +/- A 7.3 N/mm) and lowest in group 4 (84.4 +/- A 19.9 mm) (P < 0.001). In group 4, the main cause of failure was due to the suture cutting through the tendon (n = 6), a failure case observed in only n = 1 specimen in group 2 (P < 0.001). A double-row technique combined with arthroscopic Mason-Allen/horizontal mattress stitches provides high initial failure strength and may minimize the risk of the polyethylene sutures cutting through the tendon in rotator cuff repair when a single load force is used