Corema album archaeobotanical remains in western Mediterranean basin. Assessing fruit consumption during Upper Palaeolithic in Cova de les Cendres (Alicante, Spain)

[EN] Information about plant gathering by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe is scarce because of the problems of preservation of plant remains in archaeological sites and due to the lack of application of archaebotanical analysis in many of them. Botanical macroremains wood charcoal, seeds, fruits, leaves, etc. - provide information not only about palaeoeconomy of hunter-gatherers, but also about climate, landscape and vegetation dynamics. In Gravettian and Solutrean levels of Cova de les Cendres (Alicante, Spain), Corema album pyrenes (Empetraceae or crowberries family) have been identified. On the contrary, wood charcoal of this species has not been documented among the remains of firewood. This differential presence of plant organs, together with the nutritional value of its fruits, which is presented here, make us hypothesize the systematic gathering of C. album fruits for human consumption. They have a high content in vitamin C, as well as potassium, magnesium and copper. Corema album (camariria) is a unique species, nowadays in danger of extinction. Its main population is located on the Atlantic coast of Iberian Peninsula, but in 1996 a small population was discovered on the Mediterranean Iberian coast (Benidorm, Spain). Archaeobotanical data from Cova de les Cendres (Teulada-Moraira, Spain) presented here point to a larger population of camariria during Upper Palaeolithic on the coast of Alicante. The harsh climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum during Solutrean period, with colder temperatures and aridity increase, could explain the reduction of the presence of C album remains until its absence in Magdalenian. The climatic amelioration during Upper Magdalenian did not mean the recovery of camariria population in the Moraira headland area. Probably, the rising of the sea level would affect them destroying its dune habitat. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Archaeological research at Cova de les Cendres was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (HAR2011-24878; CGL2012-34717; HAR2014-5267 degrees 1-P; HAR2017-85153/P) and by Generalitat Valenciana (Grant PROMETEOII/2013/016; PROMETEO/2017/060). Seed analyses were carried out as doctoral research at the Departament de Prehistoria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga (Universitat de Valencia) with the financial support of an "Atraccio de Talent" of VLC-Campus predoctoral grant to C.M. Martinez-Varea. Thanks to the Donana Biological Reserve for having allowed us to use the Singular Technical Scientific Installation for the Corema sampling. Authors want to thank M. Macias from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for software development to draw the charcoal diagram and Eva Arnau from Universitat de Valencia for 3D modeling.Martínez-Varea, CM.; Ferrer-Gallego, P.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Badal, E.; Ferrando-Pardo, I.; Laguna-Lumbreras, E.; Real, C.... (2019). 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Sustained low disease activity measured by ASDAS slow radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis patients treated with TNF-inhibitors: data from REGISPONSERBIO

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