183 research outputs found
Guía para facilitadores y facilitadoras de talleres de GEM
89 p. Libro electrónicoEl Programa de Apoyo a las Redes de Mujeres (PARM) de
APC es tanto un programa de la asociación, como una red
de mujeres de todo el mundo que tienen un compromiso
con el uso de la tecnología para el empoderamiento y la
igualdad de ellas. Fundada en 1993, nuestra red cuenta
hoy con más de 175 mujeres de 35 países—bibliotecarias,
programadoras, periodistas, capacitadoras, diseñadoras,
académicas, investigadoras y comunicadoras.
La Metodología de Evaluación de Género (GEM) se
desarrolló en APC dentro del programa de mujeres cuando
empezamos a investigar el impacto de nuestro trabajo en
2000. Nos preguntamos: ¿Qué cambios empoderan a las
mujeres? ¿Cómo se miden esos cambios? ¿Qué papel
tienen las TIC en ellos? ¿Cómo inciden en las relaciones de
género entre hombres y mujeres?
En aquel momento no existían modelos de herramientas
de evaluación de género que analizaran específicamente el
uso de las TIC o de la tecnología. En 2001, empezamos a
desarrollar GEM con practicantes de TIC para el desarrollo
en 25 países de América Latina, Asia, África y Europa Central
y Oriental. El manual de GEM se desarrolló inicialmente
para internet y las TIC, pero la experiencia muestra que
GEM también se puede usar para mejorar las relaciones de
género en el sector del desarrollo en general
Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of the Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable AE Aqr
The magnetic cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii hosts a rapidly rotating white
dwarf which is thought to expel most of the material streaming onto it.
Observations of AE Aqr have been obtained in the wavelength range of 5 - 70
microns with the IRS, IRAC, and MIPS instruments on board the Spitzer Space
Telescope. The spectral energy distribution reveals a significant excess above
the K4V spectrum of the donor star with the flux increasing with wavelength
above 12.5 microns. Superposed on the energy distribution are several hydrogen
emission lines, identified as Pf alpha and Hu alpha, beta, gamma. The infrared
spectrum above 12.5 microns can be interpreted as synchrotron emission from
electrons accelerated to a power-law distribution dN=E^{-2.4}dE in expanding
clouds with an initial evolution timescale in seconds. However, too many
components must then be superposed to explain satisfactorily both the
mid-infrared continuum and the observed radio variability. Thermal emission
from cold circumbinary material can contribute, but it requires a disk
temperature profile intermediate between that produced by local viscous
dissipation in the disk and that characteristic of a passively irradiated disk.
Future high-time resolution observations spanning the optical to radio regime
could shed light on the acceleration process and the subsequent particle
evolution.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Gender analysis for ICT localisation initiatives
Localisation of ICT is the process of adapting and customising software so that a specific community or locale can use it. The Gender Analysis for ICT Localisation Initiatives guide reflects the collective lessons of localisation initiatives in Asia which used Association for Progressive Communication (APC) Gender Evaluation Methodology for Internet and ICTs (GEM) to strengthen their gender perspective in project planning, monitoring and evaluation. Without a gender analysis, and without taking into account gender considerations in the development and deployment of technological infrastructure and software, including the effects of past and current discriminatory practices, localisation initiatives could widen the digital gap between women and men
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A double-masked placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin to prevent child mortality in Burkina Faso, West Africa: Community Health with Azithromycin Trial (CHAT) study protocol.
BACKGROUND:Biannual, mass azithromycin distribution has previously been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Subgroup analysis suggested that the strongest effects were in the youngest children, leading to the hypothesis that targeting younger age groups might be an effective strategy to prevent mortality. We present the methods of two randomized controlled trials designed to evaluate mass and targeted azithromycin distribution for the prevention of child mortality in Burkina Faso, West Africa. METHODS/DESIGN:The Child Health with Azithromycin Treatment (CHAT) study consists of two nested, randomized controlled trials. In the first, communities are randomized in a 1:1 fashion to biannual, mass azithromycin distribution or placebo. The primary outcome is under-5 all-cause mortality measured at the community level. In the second, children attending primary healthcare facilities during the first 5-12 weeks of life for a healthy child visit (e.g., for vaccination) are randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a single orally administered dose of azithromycin or placebo. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality measured at 6 months of age. The trial commenced enrollment in August 2019. DISCUSSION:This study is expected to provide evidence on two health systems delivery approaches (mass and targeted treatment) for azithromycin to prevent all-cause child mortality. The results will inform global and national policies related to azithromycin for the prevention of child mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03676764. Registered on 19 September 2018; prospectively registered pre results
Reflux of Endoplasmic Reticulum proteins to the cytosol inactivates tumor suppressors
International audienceIn the past decades, many studies reported the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins in the cytosol. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins relocate and whether they exert cytosolic functions remain unknown. We find that a subset of ER luminal proteins accumulates in the cytosol of glioblastoma cells isolated from mouse and human tumors. In cultured cells, ER protein reflux to the cytosol occurs upon ER proteostasis perturbation. Using the ER luminal protein anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) as a proof of concept, we tested whether the refluxed proteins gain new functions in the cytosol. We find that refluxed, cytosolic AGR2 binds and inhibits the tumor suppressor p53. These data suggest that ER reflux constitutes an ER surveillance mechanism to relieve the ER from its contents upon stress, providing a selective advantage to tumor cells through gain-of-cytosolic functions-a phenomenon we name ER to Cytosol Signaling (ERCYS)
Study of High Viscous Multiphase Flow Using OLGA Flow Simulator
The continuous depletion of conventional reserves of the world oil and gas has spurred investigation towards the exploration and production from unconventional sources of hydrocarbons such as heavy oil. However, heavy oils are known for their high liquid viscosities making them even more difficult and expensive to produce and transport in pipelines at ambient temperatures. As a consequence of this, a critical understanding of multiphase flow characteristics is vital to aid engineering design it has become imperative to investigate the rheology of high viscosity oils and ways of enhancing its production and transportation. In this study, the characteristics of high viscous oil flows were studied using OLGA flow simulator. A comparison between simulation results from the flow simulator and those of data acquired for high oil-gas viscosity experiments (i.e. for oil viscosity ranging from 0.7-5.0 Pa.s) for two phase flow parameters such liquid holdup and pressure gradient exhibited huge discrepancies and under prediction
Study of High Viscous Multiphase Flow Using OLGA Flow Simulator
The continuous depletion of conventional reserves of the world oil and gas has spurred investigation towards the exploration and production from unconventional sources of hydrocarbons such as heavy oil. However, heavy oils are known for their high liquid viscosities making them even more difficult and expensive to produce and transport in pipelines at ambient temperatures. As a consequence of this, a critical understanding of multiphase flow characteristics is vital to aid engineering design it has become imperative to investigate the rheology of high viscosity oils and ways of enhancing its production and transportation. In this study, the characteristics of high viscous oil flows were studied using OLGA flow simulator. A comparison between simulation results from the flow simulator and those of data acquired for high oil-gas viscosity experiments (i.e. for oil viscosity ranging from 0.7-5.0 Pa.s) for two phase flow parameters such liquid holdup and pressure gradient exhibited huge discrepancies and under prediction. Keywords— High viscosity oil, Liquid holdup, OLGA, Pressure gradien
Are the health messages in schoolbooks based on scientific evidence? A descriptive study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most textbooks contains messages relating to health. This profuse information requires analysis with regards to the quality of such information. The objective was to identify the scientific evidence on which the health messages in textbooks are based.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The degree of evidence on which such messages are based was identified and the messages were subsequently classified into three categories: Messages with high, medium or low levels of evidence; Messages with an unknown level of evidence; and Messages with no known evidence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>844 messages were studied. Of this total, 61% were classified as messages with an unknown level of evidence. Less than 15% fell into the category where the level of evidence was known and less than 6% were classified as possessing high levels of evidence. More than 70% of the messages relating to "Balanced Diets and Malnutrition", "Food Hygiene", "Tobacco", "Sexual behaviour and AIDS" and "Rest and ergonomics" are based on an unknown level of evidence. "Oral health" registered the highest percentage of messages based on a high level of evidence (37.5%), followed by "Pregnancy and newly born infants" (35%). Of the total, 24.6% are not based on any known evidence. Two of the messages appeared to contravene known evidence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Many of the messages included in school textbooks are not based on scientific evidence. Standards must be established to facilitate the production of texts that include messages that are based on the best available evidence and which can improve children's health more effectively.</p
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