Efeito de reguladores de crescimento sobre os teores de ácido ascórbico e carboidratos solúveis de morango (Fragaria hybridus)

Several growth regulators were sprayed on strawberry plants: SADH (5000 ppm), CCC (2000 ppm), IAA (10 ppm, 3 times), GA 10 ppm, 3 times) and GA (550 ppm), Ascorbic acid, dry weight and soluble carbohydrates contents of fruits were determined. Statistically differences were not observed between treatments and control. Dry weight varied from 7.62 to 9.53%. Ascorbic acid content varied from 35.88 to 71.81 mg/100 g on fresh weight basis. Mean values of soluble carbohydrates, in grams/100 g on fresh weight basis, were total (5.58), sucrose (1.01), glucose (1.63) and frutose (1.54).Foram feitas aplicações dos seguintes reguladores de crescimento em morango (Fragarm hybridus): SADH a 5000 ppm, CCC a 2000 ppm, ATA a 10 ppm (3 aplicações), ácido giberélico a 10 ppm (3 aplicações) e 550 ppm. Análises de peso seco, ácido ascórbico e carboidratos solúveis dos frutos foram efetuadas a fim de se estudar o efeito desses reguladores de crescimento. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os diversas tratamentos e o controle. O peso seco variou de 7,62 a 9,53%. O conteúdo de ácido ascórbico variou de 35,88 a 71,81 mg/100 g de peso fresco. Os teores médios de carboidratos solúveis, expresso em g/100 g peso fresco, foram: totais (5,58), sacarose (1,01), glucose (1,63) e frutose (1,54)

Patient satisfaction after switching from warfarin to apixaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: AGAIN study

Yukihiro Koretsune,1 Takanori Ikeda,2 Ken Kozuma,3 Teruyuki Hirano,4 Masahiro Yasaka,5 Makoto Kida,6 Motohiko Chachin,7 Miki Imura7 1National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, 3Division of Cardiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, 4Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, 5Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, 6Medical & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Tokyo, 7Pfizer Innovative Health Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan Purpose: Patients treated with warfarin must adhere to frequent monitoring, dietary restrictions, and complicated dose adjustments. Apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is an alternative to warfarin that may reduce patient burdens associated with warfarin therapy. However, there is limited evidence pertaining to patient satisfaction with anticoagulant therapies in Japanese patients. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate changes in patient satisfaction after switching from warfarin to apixaban.Patients and methods: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who were scheduled to switch anticoagulants from warfarin to apixaban were enrolled and treated with apixaban for 12 weeks. Patient satisfaction was assessed before the change in medication and after 12 weeks of treatment with apixaban using the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS), a patient-reported instrument for measuring satisfaction with anticoagulation treatment. The ACTS includes a 12-item burden scale (maximum 60 points) and a 3-item benefit scale (maximum 15 points).Results: Among 732 NVAF patients enrolled, the full analysis set consisted of 697 patients who completed two ACTS assessments (one before the medication change and one 12 weeks after the change). Mean (±standard deviation) patient age was 76.2±9.1 years and mean CHADS2 score was 2.5±1.3. There were no significant changes in ACTS benefit scores. However, ACTS burden scores showed significant improvements at Week 12 compared to baseline (55.6±5.3 at Week 12 and 49.7±8.7 at baseline; P<0.0001). Factors associated with changes in ACTS burden scores from the multiple logistic regression analysis were age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–3.10; P=0.0169), baseline ACTS burden score (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75–0.82; P<0.0001), and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/antiplatelet drugs (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36–1.00; P=0.0499).Conclusion: Switching from warfarin to apixaban improved patient satisfaction with anticoagulant therapy in Japanese patients with NVAF by reducing burden of treatment. Keywords: atrial fibrillation, apixaban, warfarin, patient satisfaction, Japanese patient

A regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein confers agonist-dependent relaxation gating to a G protein-gated K+ channel

The effects of RGS4 on the voltage-dependent relaxation of G protein-gated K+ (KG) channels were examined by heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes.While the relaxation kinetics was unaffected by the acetylcholine concentration ([ACh]) in the absence of RGS4, it became dependent on [ACh] when RGS4 was co-expressed.Kinetic analyses indicated that RGS4 confers to the KG channel a voltage-independent inhibitory gating mechanism, which was attenuated by ACh in a concentration-dependent fashion.In vitro biochemical studies showed that RGS4 could bind to the protein complex containing KG channel subunits.Since the native cardiac KG channel exhibited similar agonist-dependent relaxation kinetics to that mediated by RGS4, it is suggested that KG channel gating is a novel physiological target of RGS protein-mediated regulation