Anthropogenic Space Weather

Anthropogenic effects on the space environment started in the late 19th century and reached their peak in the 1960s when high-altitude nuclear explosions were carried out by the USA and the Soviet Union. These explosions created artificial radiation belts near Earth that resulted in major damages to several satellites. Another, unexpected impact of the high-altitude nuclear tests was the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that can have devastating effects over a large geographic area (as large as the continental United States). Other anthropogenic impacts on the space environment include chemical release ex- periments, high-frequency wave heating of the ionosphere and the interaction of VLF waves with the radiation belts. This paper reviews the fundamental physical process behind these phenomena and discusses the observations of their impacts.Comment: 71 pages, 35 figure

Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Per\ufa

\ua9 2024. The Author(s). Alpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families

Estudios de Nutrición y ciertos aspectos bioquímicos del anciano

In Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" has been studied from the point of clinical and laboratory-dependent alterations of nutrition, as well as certain aspects of lipid metabolism and liver function in 60 individuals. In this paper we present one aspect of this study. Total cholesterol and lipids have a progressive increase in its serum levels, depending on age. The average values ​​for total lipids are of 759 mgs. percent and total cholesterol of 215 milligrams per cent, being noted that this increase is higher in female subjects than in males. The probable mechanism of the disturbances is discussed. It was found that the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes is accelerated, for men an average of 17 mm was found and for women 19, this increase is probably due to qualitative changes of proteins and lipoproteins, the last to increase with age, and it is possible, it is found associated with nutritional deficiencies complex mechanism. The study of the liver function by reacting thymol turbidity shows, according to clinical data, there is no damage of the liver cell. Total protein and serum fractions are within the normal range, according to proper diet protéica wealth. In hemoglobin determinations has confirmed the existence of a moderate degree of anemia, explainable by certain food and partly by age gaps. Mean hemoglobin reached 13.7 gr. %, Ranging from 7.5 to 16.5 gr. %. All subjects tested have oscórbico figures acid in blood plasma significantly below the normal range, in accordance with poor nutritional intake. The average found in the 60 cases is 0.2 mg%, ranging from 0.09 to 0.35 mgs. %. For verification of anthropometric data, we found that the mean values ​​for height and weight are less than those allowed for normal adults in our environment, which is due to own involutive phenomena of aging. It is noted that there is a close relationship between the biochemical results obtained, clinical examination and study of diet. Moreover, housing conditions, health and environment in the Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" are good; as it relates to diet would be appropriate to correct vitamin deficiencies to qualify good regime are subject to the elderly staying in this establishment and are in the care of the Public Welfare of Lima.En el Asilo de ancianos "San Vicente de Paúl" se ha estudiado, desde el punto de vista clínico y de laboratorio, las alteraciones dependientes de la nutrición, así como ciertos aspectos del metabolismo de los lípidos y de la función hepática en 60 individuos. En el presente trabajo presentamos un aspecto de este estudio. Los lípidos totales y colesterol presentan un incremento progresivo de sus concentraciones en el suero, en función de la edad. Los valores promedios para los lípidos totales son de 759 mgs. por ciento y para el colesterol total de 215 miligramos por ciento, siendo de advertir que dicho aumento es mayor en sujetos de sexo femenino que en los hombres. Se discute el probable mecanismo de tales alteraciones. Se ha constatado que la velocidad de sedimentación de los hematíes está acelerada, para los hombres se halló una media de 17 milímetros y para las mujeres de 19, éste incremento probablemente obedece a alteraciones cualitativas de las proteínas y lipoproteínas, las últimas que incrementan con la edad, y es posible, que se halle asociado a deficiencias nutritivas de mecanismo complejo. El estudio de la función hepática por la reacción de turbidez al timol demuestra, de acuerdo con los datos clínicos, que no hay daño de la célula hepática. Las proteínas totales y fracciones del suero sanguíneo se hallan dentro de las cifras normales, de acuerdo con la adecuada riqueza protéica del régimen alimenticio. En las determinaciones de hemoglobina se ha constatado la existencia de un moderado grado de anemia, explicable por ciertas deficiencias alimenticias y en parte por la edad. La media de hemoglobina alcanza 13.7 gr. %, con variaciones de 7.5 a 16.5 gr. %. La totalidad de sujetos examinados tienen cifras de ácido oscórbico en el plasma sanguíneo muy por debajo del límite normal, de acuerdo con el pobre aporte alimenticio. La media hallada en los 60 casos es de miligramos 0.2 %, con variaciones de 0.09 a 0.35 mgs. %. Por la verificación de los datos antropométricos, encontramos que los valores medios obtenidos para la talla y el peso son menores que los que se admiten para normales adultos en nuestro medio, lo que se debe a fenómenos involutivos propios de la vejez. Es de advertir, que existe una relación estrecha entre los resultados bioquímicos obtenidos, el examen clínico y el estudio del régimen alimenticio. Por otra parte, las condiciones de vivienda, higiene y ambiente en el Asilo "San Vicente de Paúl" son buenas; en lo que se relaciona al régimen alimenticio sería conveniente la corrección de las deficiencias vitamínicas para calificar de bueno el régimen a que están sometidos los ancianos alojados en dicho establecimiento y que están al cuidado de la Beneficencia Pública de Lima

Studies of Nutrition and certain biochemical aspects of the elderly

En el Asilo de ancianos "San Vicente de Paúl" se ha estudiado, desde el punto de vista clínico y de laboratorio, las alteraciones dependientes de la nutrición, así como ciertos aspectos del metabolismo de los lípidos y de la función hepática en 60 individuos. En el presente trabajo presentamos un aspecto de este estudio. Los lípidos totales y colesterol presentan un incremento progresivo de sus concentraciones en el suero, en función de la edad. Los valores promedios para los lípidos totales son de 759 mgs. por ciento y para el colesterol total de 215 miligramos por ciento, siendo de advertir que dicho aumento es mayor en sujetos de sexo femenino que en los hombres. Se discute el probable mecanismo de tales alteraciones. Se ha constatado que la velocidad de sedimentación de los hematíes está acelerada, para los hombres se halló una media de 17 milímetros y para las mujeres de 19, éste incremento probablemente obedece a alteraciones cualitativas de las proteínas y lipoproteínas, las últimas que incrementan con la edad, y es posible, que se halle asociado a deficiencias nutritivas de mecanismo complejo. El estudio de la función hepática por la reacción de turbidez al timol demuestra, de acuerdo con los datos clínicos, que no hay daño de la célula hepática. Las proteínas totales y fracciones del suero sanguíneo se hallan dentro de las cifras normales, de acuerdo con la adecuada riqueza protéica del régimen alimenticio. En las determinaciones de hemoglobina se ha constatado la existencia de un moderado grado de anemia, explicable por ciertas deficiencias alimenticias y en parte por la edad. La media de hemoglobina alcanza 13.7 gr. %, con variaciones de 7.5 a 16.5 gr. %. La totalidad de sujetos examinados tienen cifras de ácido oscórbico en el plasma sanguíneo muy por debajo del límite normal, de acuerdo con el pobre aporte alimenticio. La media hallada en los 60 casos es de miligramos 0.2 %, con variaciones de 0.09 a 0.35 mgs. %. Por la verificación de los datos antropométricos, encontramos que los valores medios obtenidos para la talla y el peso son menores que los que se admiten para normales adultos en nuestro medio, lo que se debe a fenómenos involutivos propios de la vejez. Es de advertir, que existe una relación estrecha entre los resultados bioquímicos obtenidos, el examen clínico y el estudio del régimen alimenticio. Por otra parte, las condiciones de vivienda, higiene y ambiente en el Asilo "San Vicente de Paúl" son buenas; en lo que se relaciona al régimen alimenticio sería conveniente la corrección de las deficiencias vitamínicas para calificar de bueno el régimen a que están sometidos los ancianos alojados en dicho establecimiento y que están al cuidado de la Beneficencia Pública de Lima.In Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" has been studied from the point of clinical and laboratory-dependent alterations of nutrition, as well as certain aspects of lipid metabolism and liver function in 60 individuals. In this paper we present one aspect of this study. Total cholesterol and lipids have a progressive increase in its serum levels, depending on age. The average values ​​for total lipids are of 759 mgs. percent and total cholesterol of 215 milligrams per cent, being noted that this increase is higher in female subjects than in males. The probable mechanism of the disturbances is discussed. It was found that the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes is accelerated, for men an average of 17 mm was found and for women 19, this increase is probably due to qualitative changes of proteins and lipoproteins, the last to increase with age, and it is possible, it is found associated with nutritional deficiencies complex mechanism. The study of the liver function by reacting thymol turbidity shows, according to clinical data, there is no damage of the liver cell. Total protein and serum fractions are within the normal range, according to proper diet protéica wealth. In hemoglobin determinations has confirmed the existence of a moderate degree of anemia, explainable by certain food and partly by age gaps. Mean hemoglobin reached 13.7 gr. %, Ranging from 7.5 to 16.5 gr. %. All subjects tested have oscórbico figures acid in blood plasma significantly below the normal range, in accordance with poor nutritional intake. The average found in the 60 cases is 0.2 mg%, ranging from 0.09 to 0.35 mgs. %. For verification of anthropometric data, we found that the mean values ​​for height and weight are less than those allowed for normal adults in our environment, which is due to own involutive phenomena of aging. It is noted that there is a close relationship between the biochemical results obtained, clinical examination and study of diet. Moreover, housing conditions, health and environment in the Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" are good; as it relates to diet would be appropriate to correct vitamin deficiencies to qualify good regime are subject to the elderly staying in this establishment and are in the care of the Public Welfare of Lima

Estudios de Nutrición y ciertos aspectos bioquímicos del anciano

In Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" has been studied from the point of clinical and laboratory-dependent alterations of nutrition, as well as certain aspects of lipid metabolism and liver function in 60 individuals. In this paper we present one aspect of this study. Total cholesterol and lipids have a progressive increase in its serum levels, depending on age. The average values ​​for total lipids are of 759 mgs. percent and total cholesterol of 215 milligrams per cent, being noted that this increase is higher in female subjects than in males. The probable mechanism of the disturbances is discussed. It was found that the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes is accelerated, for men an average of 17 mm was found and for women 19, this increase is probably due to qualitative changes of proteins and lipoproteins, the last to increase with age, and it is possible, it is found associated with nutritional deficiencies complex mechanism. The study of the liver function by reacting thymol turbidity shows, according to clinical data, there is no damage of the liver cell. Total protein and serum fractions are within the normal range, according to proper diet protéica wealth. In hemoglobin determinations has confirmed the existence of a moderate degree of anemia, explainable by certain food and partly by age gaps. Mean hemoglobin reached 13.7 gr. %, Ranging from 7.5 to 16.5 gr. %. All subjects tested have oscórbico figures acid in blood plasma significantly below the normal range, in accordance with poor nutritional intake. The average found in the 60 cases is 0.2 mg%, ranging from 0.09 to 0.35 mgs. %. For verification of anthropometric data, we found that the mean values ​​for height and weight are less than those allowed for normal adults in our environment, which is due to own involutive phenomena of aging. It is noted that there is a close relationship between the biochemical results obtained, clinical examination and study of diet. Moreover, housing conditions, health and environment in the Asylum "San Vicente de Paul" are good; as it relates to diet would be appropriate to correct vitamin deficiencies to qualify good regime are subject to the elderly staying in this establishment and are in the care of the Public Welfare of Lima.En el Asilo de ancianos "San Vicente de Paúl" se ha estudiado, desde el punto de vista clínico y de laboratorio, las alteraciones dependientes de la nutrición, así como ciertos aspectos del metabolismo de los lípidos y de la función hepática en 60 individuos. En el presente trabajo presentamos un aspecto de este estudio. Los lípidos totales y colesterol presentan un incremento progresivo de sus concentraciones en el suero, en función de la edad. Los valores promedios para los lípidos totales son de 759 mgs. por ciento y para el colesterol total de 215 miligramos por ciento, siendo de advertir que dicho aumento es mayor en sujetos de sexo femenino que en los hombres. Se discute el probable mecanismo de tales alteraciones. Se ha constatado que la velocidad de sedimentación de los hematíes está acelerada, para los hombres se halló una media de 17 milímetros y para las mujeres de 19, éste incremento probablemente obedece a alteraciones cualitativas de las proteínas y lipoproteínas, las últimas que incrementan con la edad, y es posible, que se halle asociado a deficiencias nutritivas de mecanismo complejo. El estudio de la función hepática por la reacción de turbidez al timol demuestra, de acuerdo con los datos clínicos, que no hay daño de la célula hepática. Las proteínas totales y fracciones del suero sanguíneo se hallan dentro de las cifras normales, de acuerdo con la adecuada riqueza protéica del régimen alimenticio. En las determinaciones de hemoglobina se ha constatado la existencia de un moderado grado de anemia, explicable por ciertas deficiencias alimenticias y en parte por la edad. La media de hemoglobina alcanza 13.7 gr. %, con variaciones de 7.5 a 16.5 gr. %. La totalidad de sujetos examinados tienen cifras de ácido oscórbico en el plasma sanguíneo muy por debajo del límite normal, de acuerdo con el pobre aporte alimenticio. La media hallada en los 60 casos es de miligramos 0.2 %, con variaciones de 0.09 a 0.35 mgs. %. Por la verificación de los datos antropométricos, encontramos que los valores medios obtenidos para la talla y el peso son menores que los que se admiten para normales adultos en nuestro medio, lo que se debe a fenómenos involutivos propios de la vejez. Es de advertir, que existe una relación estrecha entre los resultados bioquímicos obtenidos, el examen clínico y el estudio del régimen alimenticio. Por otra parte, las condiciones de vivienda, higiene y ambiente en el Asilo "San Vicente de Paúl" son buenas; en lo que se relaciona al régimen alimenticio sería conveniente la corrección de las deficiencias vitamínicas para calificar de bueno el régimen a que están sometidos los ancianos alojados en dicho establecimiento y que están al cuidado de la Beneficencia Pública de Lima

Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Perú

International audienceAlpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families. © The Author(s) 2024

Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Perú

Abstract Alpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families