Keragaan Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Kakao Penerap Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) dan Non Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) (Studi Kasus di Desa Ataku Kecamatan Andoolo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan)

This research aimed was to know The performance of production between cocoa farmers of adopter Integrated Pest Management and non Integrated Pest Management, and The performance of income production between cocoa farmers of adopt Integrated Pest Management and non Integrated Pest Management in the Ataku village, AndooloSub District, South Konawe District. This research was conducted from January to April 2018. The number of cocoa farmers population was in this research to the initial survey was 115 people. The population was grouped into 2 kinds, namely the farmers who adopterIntegrated Pest Management 65 people and farmer of non Integrated Pest Management about 50 people. The number of the sample as determined using proportional stratified random sampling method. The number of samples was determined using Slovin formula, so total samples number were 53 peoples, consist 30 peoples of a cocoa farmer who adopt Integrated Pest Management and 23 peoples of a cocoa farmer who didn\u27t adopt Integrated Pest Management. The result of the research showed that production performance was indicated by the average, production of cocoa farmers who adopt Integrated Pest Management was greater than a cocoa farmer who didn\u27t adopt Integrated Pest Management. The results of the analysis indicated that there was different of production between the farmer who adopts Integrated Pest Management was greater than a cocoa farmer who did not adopt Integrated Pest Management. The revenue performance was indicated by the average income of cocoa farmer who adopts Integrated Pest Management was greater than a cocoa farmer who did not adopt Integrated Pest Management. The result of the analysis shows that there was different of income between the farmer who adopts Integrated Pest Management was greater than a cocoa farmer who did not adopt Integrated Pest Management

Analisis Rantai Pasok Produk Beras dari Kabupaten Konawe Selatan ke Kota Kendari

This study aims to find out how the supply chain of rice from South Konawe to Kendari. This type of research is included in descriptive research or categorized in qualitative research method by using survey method that is described, explain and interpret a phenomenon that occurs on an object and data is qualitative, ie data that is described with words or sentences by category to obtain a conclusion. This research was conducted in South Konawe Village specifically at UD. Fandi in Laeya District, South Konawe District in August 2017. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, discussions with supply chain members and documentation at the research sites. Supply Chain of rice products from South Konawe District to Kendari City starts from Farmers, Rice Millers, Distributors UD Fandi, Retailer and Final Consumer. Farmers as rice suppliers cultivate and sell their crops to the rice mills, then the mills' process rice from farmers into rice products to be sold to Distributor. In this research, the Distributor Party also as the owner of rice milling, after the packaging of rice products, will then be distributed to retailers both in South Konawe District itself and outside the region, especially Kendari City distributor of UD. Fandi has a rice warehouse which is a shelter of rice products that will be sold to retailers in Kendari City. The selling price of rice products from Distributor UD. Fandi is accepted by retailers in South Konawe and outside Kendari especially divided by size, for rice with size 50 kg sold with price Rp. 420.000, - and for rice with size 25 kg sold with price Rp. 220.000, Furthermore the retailers will repackage the rice products into several sizes that are tailored to the needs of the end consumer is the size of 10 kg, and size 5 kg. for rice with size 10 kg sold with price Rp. 110.000, - and rice with size 5 kg sold with price Rp. 55.000, -. But retailers also sell rice with liter sizes which for liters sold to consumers at a price of Rp. 8,000-8,500, / litres. This is done to adjust to the level of end consumer needs

Combining Ability Analysis in Complete Diallel Cross of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai)

The experiments were carried out in two research stations (MARDI Bukit Tangga, Kedah, and MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang) in Malaysia. The crossings were performed using the four inbred lines in complete diallel cross including selfs and reciprocals. We evaluated the yield components and fruit characters such as fruit yield per plant, vine length, days to fruit maturity, fruit weight, total soluble solid content, and rind thickness over a period of two planting seasons. General combining ability and its interaction with locations were statistically significant for all characteristics except number of fruits per plant across the environments. Results indicated that the additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits and the expression of additive genes was influenced greatly by environments. In addition, specific combining ability effect was statistically evident for fruit yield per plant, vine length, days to first female flower, and fruit weight. Most of the characters are simultaneously controlled by additive and nonadditive gene effects. This study demonstrated that the highest potential and promising among the crosses was cross P2 (BL-14) × P3 (6372-4), which possessed prolific plants, with early maturity, medium fruit weight and high soluble solid contents. Therefore this hybrid might be utilized for developing high yielding watermelon cultivars and may be recommended for commercial cultivation

Assessment of the Attitude of Health Care Professionals Towards Diabetes Care in Mukalla, Yemen

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern and considered as a condition that leads to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes in Yemen has been recently increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of health care professionals towards diabetes (HCPs) care in Mukalla , Yemen . The cross sectional study was conducted among health care professionals in Mukalla city, Yemen. The diabetes attitudes questionnaire was administered to 73 health care professionals (Doctors , pharmacists and nurses ) in Mukalla , Yemen in 2009. The data were analyzed descriptively and the inferential Kruskal -Wallis test was also used. This study found that healthcare professionals have relatively adequate attitudes toward diabetes. Doctors have higher attitudes score toward the seriousness of diabetes than other healthcare professional groups (pharmacists and nurses), and nurses showed the lowest attitude score among healthcare professional groups. Therefore, nurses and pharmacists should receive more education programmes regarding diabetes care

Analisis Contract Farming Usaha Ayam Broiler

EnglishSmall farmers' participation in the high-value product market aims to improve quality and income. They are involved in the contract farming for supply improvement, increased production, risk reduction, and profit enhancement. Contract farming types are various as well as the motives of the actors. This study aims to analyze contract farming in broiler farms in Malang Regency, East Java Province. The methods of analyses are logit function, technical efficiency, and performance index. Implementation of contract farming benefits the broiler farms. The farms are technically efficient. Incomes of the farmers are higher due to relatively lower production costs. Contract farming program is still the best option for farmers in order to increase income.IndonesianPartisipasi peternak kecil pada pasar produk bernilai tinggi, dengan tujuan meningkatkan standar kualitas, meningkatkan dan menstabilkan pendapatan adalah alasan rasional untuk memperluas contract farming karena kualitas persediaan, kuantitas produksi meningkat, transfer risiko dari petani ke Perusahaan dan tujuan keuntungan meningkat. Contract farming dapat berfungsi sebagai sebuah alat manajemen risiko oleh karena terjadi sharing antara pelaku yakni Perusahaan (inti) dan peternak. Partisipasi Perusahaan dan peternak dalam program contract farming akan memberikan implementasi kontrak yang bervariasi, sebagai akibat adanya motif pemenuhan kontrak sehingga hal ini merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk analisis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan contract farming USAha ternak ayam broiler di Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Metode analisis digunakan fungsi logit, efisiensi teknis dan indeks kinerja. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa penerapan contract farming memberikan manfaat pada peternak ayam broiler serta pelaksanaan USAha ternaknya efisien secara teknis. Pendapatan peternak kontrak lebih tinggi dengan biaya produksi yang lebih rendah, sehingga program contract farming masih merupakan pilihan terbaik bagi peternak dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan

Crystal structure of Cu-Sn-In alloys around the {\eta} phase field studied by neutron diffraction

The study of the Cu-Sn-In ternary system has become of great importance in recent years, due to new environmental regulations forcing to eliminate the use of Pb in bonding technologies for electronic devices. A key relevant issue concerns the intermetallic phases which grow in the bonding zone and are determining in their quality and performance. In this work, we focus in the {\eta}-phase (Cu2In or Cu6Sn5) that exists in both end binaries and as a ternary phase. We present a neutron diffraction study of the constitution and crystallography of a series of alloys around the 60 at.% Cu composition, and with In contents ranging from 0 to 25 at.%, quenched from 300\degreeC. The alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, probe microanalysis and high-resolution neutron diffraction. The Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction data allowed to improve the currently available model for site occupancies in the hexagonal {\eta}-phase in the binary Cu-Sn as well as in ternary alloys. For the first time, structural data is reported in the ternary Cu-Sn-In {\eta}-phase as a function of composition, information that is of fundamental technological importance as well as valuable input data for ongoing modelisations of the ternary phase diagram.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

Optimization of dry reforming of methane over yttrium oxide-cobalt/mesoporous alumina using response surface methodology

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has attracted significant attention due to its advantages in converting undesirable ozone-depleting gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), into syngas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. However, developing the best catalysts for DRM with superior catalytic activity and stability is still challenging. Additionally, process optimization is an important task for improving the efficiency, safety, and profitability of the process. Previously, our research group has reported an excellent catalytic performance of Yttrium Oxide-Cobalt/Mesoporous Alumina (Y2O3-Co/MA) due to the excellent distribution of Co and strong metal-support interaction. As a continuity, this study optimized the catalytic performance of Y2O3-Co/MA toward DRM. The optimization process was evaluated using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) under three independent variables, which were reaction temperature (700 – 900 °C), weight hourly space velocity (15000–35000 mL gcat−1 hr-1), and CH4/CO2 ratio (1:1–3:1). The optimum operating conditions were successfully anticipated, with the good agreement of data between the model predictions and experiments. Y2O3-Co/MA presented the catalytic performance of XCH4 of 88.97%, XCO2 of 95.57%, H2 yield of 30.98%, and CO yield of 69.36%, at the reaction temperature of 900 °C, WHSV of 30,690 mL gcat-1h−1, and CH4/CO2 ratio of 1.027

Quantum key distribution in terms of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state: multi-key generation

In this paper, we develop a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three keys can be simultaneously generated. The advantage of this is that the users can select the most suitable key for communication. The protocol can be generalized to $N$ users to provide $N$ keys. The protocol has two levels for checking the eavesdroppers. Moreover, we discuss the security of the protocol against different attacks.Comment: 10 Page, no figures. Comments are most welcom

The effect of twisted magnetic field on the resonant absorption of MHD waves in coronal loops

The standing quasi modes in a cylindrical incompressible flux tube with magnetic twist that undergoes a radial density structuring is considered in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The radial structuring is assumed to be a linearly varying density profile. Using the relevant connection formulae, the dispersion relation for the MHD waves is derived and solved numerically to obtain both the frequencies and damping rates of the fundamental and first-overtone modes of both the kink (m=1) and fluting (m=2,3) waves. It was found that a magnetic twist will increase the frequencies, damping rates and the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the damping rate of these modes. The period ratio P_1/P_2 of the fundamental and its first-overtone surface waves for kink (m=1) and fluting (m=2,3) modes is lower than 2 (the value for an untwisted loop) in the presence of twisted magnetic field. For the kink modes, particularly, the magnetic twists B_{\phi}/B_z=0.0065 and 0.0255 can achieve deviations from 2 of the same order of magnitude as in the observations. Furthermore, for the fundamental kink body waves, the frequency bandwidth increases with increasing the magnetic twist.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Cymbidium mosaic virus and odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus genes cloned from infected Oncidium orchids (Gen-gen cymbidium mosaic virus dan odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus yang diklon daripada orkid Oncidium yang terinfeksi)

Abstract Several recombinant phages were picked at random from the cDNA library of Oncidium (Oncidium Goldiana x Oncidium Flexuosum) flowers, converted into plasmids by in vivo excision and sequenced. Two of the clones named CyMV1 and CyMV2, showed very high DNA and protein sequence homology to those of the cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) in the genebank database. CyMV1, 1,186 bp in size, contained within it the entire sequence for coat protein (CP) gene, movement protein (MP)3 gene and an almost complete sequence for MP2 gene. CyMV2, which is 626 bp in size, only contained the extreme 3' end sequence of the RNA polymerase gene. The percentage of homology of the isolated CyMV1 gene was 97% to the Taiwanese strain (AY571289), 96% to the Korean type 2 CyMV complete genome (AF016914) and to the Singaporean CyMV complete genome (CMU62963) in the CP and MP regions of the genome. CyMV2 showed 95% homology to the Korean type 2 CyMV complete genome (AF016914) and to the Singaporean CyMV complete genome (CMU62963) but in the RNA polymerase region. Another clone named ORSV1, 728 bp in size, isolated by RT-PCR method was a partial fragment of odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) RNA replicase gene. This partial gene sequence of ORSV1 showed 98% homology to the ORSV gene isolated from United States (Accession nos. ORU89894), Taiwan (Accession nos. AY571290) and Korea (Accession nos. X82130). All of these genes could be used in developing Oncidium orchids resistant to CyMV or ORSV through the transgenic approach