Realization of fully distributed RC networks using thick film technology

The problems associated with the fabrication of Fully Distributed RC (FDRC) networks using thick film techniques have been discussed. Also, a comprehensive investigation into the fabrication of fully distributed RC networks has been carried out in which a series of resistor-dielectric ink combinations were examined for compatibility. The investigations resulted in the successful fabrication of thick film FDRC devices. It must be mentioned, however, that the conventional methods of trimming could not be used in view of the fact that the first resistor layer of the FDRC network is completely covered with a layer of dielectric and that the physical shape and size of the distributed network should not be changed by trimming. The high voltage pulse trimming technique was therefore examined in detail since it neither required accessibility to the surface of the resistor nor did it change the physical shape of the resistors. A suitable electronic circuit was designed for this purpose and was used to adjust the values of several fully distributed RC components. The manufactured thick film FDRC devices was examined in various electronic networks such as multivibrators, phase shift oscillators and active filters with successful results

Hypergraph-Based Analysis of Clustered Cooperative Beamforming with Application to Edge Caching

The evaluation of the performance of clustered cooperative beamforming in cellular networks generally requires the solution of complex non-convex optimization problems. In this letter, a framework based on a hypergraph formalism is proposed that enables the derivation of a performance characterization of clustered cooperative beamforming in terms of per-user degrees of freedom (DoF) via the efficient solution of a coloring problem. An emerging scenario in which clusters of cooperative base stations (BSs) arise is given by cellular networks with edge caching. In fact, clusters of BSs that share the same requested files can jointly beamform the corresponding encoded signals. Based on this observation, the proposed framework is applied to obtain quantitative insights into the optimal use of cache and backhaul resources in cellular systems with edge caching. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the merits of the proposed framework.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Submitte

PENGARUH ASIMETRI INFORMASI, PROFITABILITAS, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2014)

ABSTRACT The objectives of the research are to examine the effect of the information asymmetry, profitability, and leverage on the firm value both simultaneously and partially. In this research the firm value using price to book value as the proxy. Data obtained from the financial statements and annual reports of manufacturing companies that listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research conduct in 4 years (2012-2014). By using purposive sampling, there are 35 companies fulfilling the sample criteria of the sample. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypothesis. The results of this research are information asymmetry, profitability, and leverage simultaneously affect on the firm value. Information asymmetry not partially affect on the firm value. Profitability partially affect on the firm value. Leverage partially affect on the firm value.Keywords: information asymmetry, profitability, leverage, firm value, price to book value.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asimetri informasi, profitabilitas, dan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan secara simultan dan parsial. Dalam penelitian ini, nilai perusahaan diproksikan dengan price to book value. Data diperoleh dari laporan dan laporan tahunan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah 3 tahun yaitu 2012-2014. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga terdapat 35 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria sampel. Regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asimetri informasi, profitabilitas, dan leverage berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Asimetri informasi tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap nilai perusahaan. Leverage berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap nilai perusahaan.Kata Kunci: Asimetri Informasi, Profitabilitas, Leverage, Nilai Perusahaan, Nilai Buku Saha

Establishment and characterization of two human breast carcinoma cell lines by spontaneous immortalization: Discordance between Estrogen, Progesterone and HER2/neu receptors of breast carcinoma tissues with derived cell lines

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women throughout the world. Therefore, established cell lines are widely used as in vitro experimental models in cancer research.Methods: Two continuous human breast cell lines, designated MBC1 and MBC2, were successfully established and characterized from invasive ductal breast carcinoma tissues of Malaysian patients. MBC1 and MBC2 have been characterized in terms of morphology analysis, population doubling time, clonogenic formation, wound healing assay, invasion assay, cell cycle, DNA profiling, fluorescence immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and karyotyping.Results: MBC1 and MBC2 exhibited adherent monolayer epithelial morphology at a passage number of 150. Receptor status of MBC1 and MBC2 show (ER+, PR+, HER2+) and (ER+, PR-, HER2+), respectively. These results are in discordance with histopathological studies of the tumoral tissues, which were triple negative and (ER-, PR-, HER2+) for MBC1 and MBC2, respectively. Both cell lines were capable of growing in soft agar culture, which suggests their metastatic potential. The MBC1 and MBC2 metaphase spreads showed an abnormal karyotype, including hyperdiploidy and complex rearrangements with modes of 52-58 chromosomes per cell.Conclusions: Loss or gain in secondary properties, deregulation and specific genetic changes possibly conferred receptor changes during the culturing of tumoral cells. Thus, we hypothesize that, among heterogenous tumoral cells, only a small minority of ER+/PR+/HER2+ and ER+/PR-/HER2+ cells with lower energy metabolism might survive and adjust easily to in vitro conditions. These cell lines will pave the way for new perspectives in genetic and biological investigations, drug resistance and chemotherapy studies, and would serve as prototype models in Malaysian breast carcinogenesis investigations. © 2012 Kamalidehghan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Trends to determine fracture intiation and propagation of a pipe under service pressure

A fracture toughness transferability curve has been established for the X52 pipe steels described by a linear relationship between the notch critical stress intensity factor and the average value of T stress over the opening stress distribution. This curve is used to determine the fracture toughness associated with the structure. the characteristic length of the fracture process. Crack extension modelled by Finite Element method using CTOA criterion coupled with the the node release technique is used to predict the crack velocity, the arrest pressure and crack length. This method is compared with the different Two Curves Methods Batelle, HLP and HLP-Sumitom

Effect of the Heterogeneity of Metamaterials on Casimir-Lifshitz Interaction

The Casimir-Lifshitz interaction between metamaterials is studied using a model that takes into account the structural heterogeneity of the dielectric and magnetic properties of the bodies. A recently developed perturbation theory for the Casimir-Lifshitz interaction between arbitrary material bodies is generalized to include non-uniform magnetic permeability profiles, and used to study the interaction between the magneto-dielectric heterostructures within the leading order. The metamaterials are modeled as two dimensional arrays of domains with varying permittivity and permeability. In the case of two semi-infinite bodies with flat boundaries, the patterned structure of the material properties is found to cause the normal Casimir-Lifshitz force to develop an oscillatory behavior when the distance between the two bodies is comparable to the wavelength of the patterned features in the metamaterials. The non-uniformity also leads to the emergence of lateral Casimir-Lifshitz forces, which tend to strengthen as the gap size becomes smaller. Our results suggest that the recent studies on Casimir-Lifshitz forces between metamaterials, which have been performed with the aim of examining the possibility of observing the repulsive force, should be revisited to include the effect of the patterned structure at the wavelength of several hundred nanometers that coincides with the relevant gap size in the experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures. Rewriting equations (10) and (12) and increasing the size of the lettering/numeral in figure

Cellular, Wide-Area, and Non-Terrestrial IoT: A Survey on 5G Advances and the Road Towards 6G

The next wave of wireless technologies is proliferating in connecting things among themselves as well as to humans. In the era of the Internet of things (IoT), billions of sensors, machines, vehicles, drones, and robots will be connected, making the world around us smarter. The IoT will encompass devices that must wirelessly communicate a diverse set of data gathered from the environment for myriad new applications. The ultimate goal is to extract insights from this data and develop solutions that improve quality of life and generate new revenue. Providing large-scale, long-lasting, reliable, and near real-time connectivity is the major challenge in enabling a smart connected world. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on existing and emerging communication solutions for serving IoT applications in the context of cellular, wide-area, as well as non-terrestrial networks. Specifically, wireless technology enhancements for providing IoT access in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks, and communication networks over the unlicensed spectrum are presented. Aligned with the main key performance indicators of 5G and beyond 5G networks, we investigate solutions and standards that enable energy efficiency, reliability, low latency, and scalability (connection density) of current and future IoT networks. The solutions include grant-free access and channel coding for short-packet communications, non-orthogonal multiple access, and on-device intelligence. Further, a vision of new paradigm shifts in communication networks in the 2030s is provided, and the integration of the associated new technologies like artificial intelligence, non-terrestrial networks, and new spectra is elaborated. Finally, future research directions toward beyond 5G IoT networks are pointed out.Comment: Submitted for review to IEEE CS&

Effect of rotifers enriched with betaine and concentrated diet containing betaine on growth, survival and stress resistance of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rotifers enriched with betaine and concentrated diet containing betaine on growth performance, survival and resistance to salinity (10 and 5Oppt), temperature (42°C) and formalin (100ppm) stresses in Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) post-larvae. A complete randomized design with three replicates per treatment in nine 20-1 tanks was chosen. Treatments were: Artemia nauplii, rotifers and concentrated diet (control); Artemia nauplii, rotifers enriched with betaine and concentrated diet (treatment 1) and Artemia nauplii, rotifers enriched with betaine and concentrated diet containing betaine (0.8%) (treatment 2). The larvae were fed 6 times per day at 4h intervals. There were significant differences in growth and survival rate between the treatments containing betaine (treatment 1 and 2) and control treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the larvae that were fed with betaine (treatment 1 and 2) had significantly higher survival rate in stress resistance testes (P<0.05). The present study showed that betaine has positive effect on growth performance, survival rate and resistance to stresses in Indian white prawn