ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN DI CALON IBU KOTA NEGARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS UNTUK KETAHANAN ENERGI

Berdasarkan Rapat Terbatas yang dilakukan pada tanggal 29 April 2019, Presiden Republik Indonesia Bapak Joko Widodo mengumumkan perpindahan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) ke Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Bappenas telah mengeluarkan konsep dalam pembangunan calon IKN baru Smart, Green, Beautiful, dan Sustainable dimana membangun daerah Ibukota dengan teknologi modern dengan memperhatikan lingkungan serta mendorong pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Pemanfaatan EBT di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur masih sangat minim dan ketergantungan energi fosil masih sangat tinggi dilain sisi cadangan semakin menipis. Hal ini menjadi penghambat terwujudnya kemandirian energi yang berdampak pada ketahanan energi nasional serta tercapainya bauran EBT sebesar 23% pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan konsep Ketahanan Energi di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur terkait pemanfaatan EBT dan menganalisis kriteria prioritas berdasarkan sub kriteria sehingga diperoleh alternatif prioritas dengan menggunakan metode AHP. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data primer yang diperoleh terbagi menjadi dua yaitu data pembobotan kuesioner yang dilakukan oleh 6 narasumber yang berasal dari Dinas ESDM Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Dinas Kehutanan, dan Institut Teknologi Kalimantan serta data wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1.) penerapan konsep ketahanan energi memberikan gambaran umum terkait pemanfaatan EBT di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur khususnya pada wilayah calon IKN baru, 2.) Kriteria sustainable menjadi prioritas dalam penelitian ini dengan nilai 0.3912 dengan prioritas sub kriteria yaitu perawatan dengan nilai eigen vektor 0.20 3.) PLTS mendapatkan nilai akhir 0.40 sebagai PLT EBT yang diprioritaskan di wilayah calon IKN baru.Kata Kunci: Analisis Hirarki Proses, Energi Baru Terbarukan, Ibu Kota Negara, Pembangkit Tenaga Listrik, Priorita

Substantial Position of Constitution as Human Nature to the Existence of State in Modern Civilization

The existence of constitution is closely related to political life and institutions of state power. It is the nature of human life. A tendency to put the foundation of political life and law above the highest righteousness as the “Basic Law”, a reflection of human nature; wants to rely on the highest righteousness in norms, both religious (medieval constitutionalism phenomenon) and legal (modern century constitutionalism phenomenon). Constitution as a state philosophy reflects virtue as the foundation of state philosophy. Keywords: Constitution, Nature, Basic Law, State Philosophy DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/82-1

High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe

Due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout Europe. Therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. To accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from France, Denmark, and the Netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. This advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detection of 25 bacterial, and 12 parasitic species (including; Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Candidatus Neoehrlichia, Coxiella, Francisella, Babesia, and Theileria genus) across 94 samples. We successfully determined the prevalence of expected (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Babesia divergens, Babesia venatorum), unexpected (Borrelia miyamotoi), and rare (Bartonella henselae) pathogens in the three European countries. Moreover we detected Borrelia spielmanii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia divergens, and Babesia venatorum for the first time in Danish ticks. This surveillance method represents a major improvement in epidemiological studies, able to facilitate comprehensive testing of TBPs, and which can also be customized to monitor emerging diseases

Temporal and spatial variation in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in Swedish moose (Alces alces)

The occurrence ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumwas investigated in spleen and serum samplesfrom Swedish moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden (island and mainland). Samples wereanalysed for presence ofA. phagocytophilumDNA by real-time PCR (n=263), and forAnaplasmaantibodies with ELISA serology (n=234). All serum samples had antibodies againstA. phagocytophilum. The mean DNA-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (

Direct and indirect transmission of four Salmonella enterica serotypes in pigs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Feed-borne spread of <it>Salmonella </it>spp. to pigs has been documented several times in recent years in Sweden. Experiences from the field suggest that feed-associated serotypes might be less transmittable and subsequently easier to eradicate from pig herds than other serotypes more commonly associated to pigs. Four <it>Salmonella </it>serotypes were selected for experimental studies in pigs in order to study transmissibility and compare possible differences between feed-assoociated (<it>S </it>Cubana and <it>S </it>Yoruba) and pig-associated serotypes (<it>S </it>Derby and <it>S </it>Typhimurium).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Direct contact transmission was studied in four groups of pigs formed by six 10-week-old salmonella negative pigs commingled with two fatteners excreting one of the four salmonella serotypes. Indirect transmission was studied by putting six 10-week-old salmonella negative pigs in each of four salmonella contaminated rooms. Each room had previously housed a group of pigs, excreting one of the four selected serotypes.</p> <p>All pigs were monitored for two weeks with respect to the faecal excretion of salmonella and the presence of serum antibodies. At the end of the trial, eight samples from inner tissues and organs were collected from each pig at necropsy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the four direct transmission groups, one pig shed <it>Salmonella </it>(Cubana) at one occasion. At necropsy, <it>S </it>Typhimurium was isolated from one pig.</p> <p>In the indirect transmission groups, two pigs in the Yoruba room and one pig in each of the other rooms were excreting detectable levels of <it>Salmonella </it>once during the study period of two weeks. At necropsy, <it>S </it>Derby was isolated from one of six pigs in the Derby room and <it>S </it>Typhimurium was isolated from four of the six pigs in the Typhimurium room.</p> <p>No significant serological response could be detected in any of the 48 pigs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results show that all four selected serotypes were able to be transmitted in at least one of these field-like trials, but the transmission rate was low in all groups and no obvious differences between feed-associated and pig-associated serotypes in the transmission to naïve pigs and their subsequent faecal shedding were revealed. However, the post mortem results indicated a higher detection of <it>S </it>Typhimurium in the ileocecal lymph nodes of pigs introduced into a contaminated environment in comparison with the other three serotypes.</p

Perspektif Ekonomi dalam Konstitusi Indonesia dan Relevansinya dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Ekonomi Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

Pada penghujung tahun 2019, dunia menghadapi tantangan dengan munculnya Corona Virus Disease (Covid) - 19 yang mewabah di Kota Wuhan, China. Konstitusi mengatur secara umum landasan norma kebijakan oleh Pemerintah. Konstitusi negara yang berbicara tentang persoalan ekonomi terdapat pada pasal ”Perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan” (Pasal 33 Ayat 1). Asas kekeluargaan Pasal 33 ayat 1 telah menggambarkan secara gamblang bahwa konsep pembangunan ekonomi kita berbasis asas kewarganegaraan amanat kontitusi yang mengarah pada terciptanya negara walfare state. Yaitu negara yang pemerintahannya menjamin terselenggaranya kesejahteraan rakyat. Oleh karenanya, pembangunan ekonomi mesti berdasarkan konstitusi secara substantif dengan asas kekeluargaan sebagai soko guru perekonomian yang dicita-citakan oleh pendiri bangsa. Untuk itu, diperlukan kesadaran dalam menerapkan kembali nilai-nilai ideologi di bidang ekonomi dalam konstitusi secara substansif guna penguatan ekonomi terdampak yang covid-19 ini agar roda ekonomi kembali pulih serta semakin kuat dan kokoh &nbsp