Study On The High Temperature Performance Of Bio Modified Rubber Asphalt (Bmr)

The objective of this study is to produce an environmentally friendly paving material with enhanced high temperature performance. To do so, feasibility of synthesis an alternative asphalt binder from scrap tire rubber and bio-binder is investigated in this paper. The newly developed bio modified rubber is a hybrid viscoelastic thermoplastic adhesive composed of ambient crumb rubber and bio-binder. Bio-binder is produced from thermochemical conversion of swine manure, and crumb rubber is obtained from grinding of scrap tire. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned ingredients are derived from waste materials. Using crumb rubber as paving material can alleviate problems facing the solid waste management industry related to disposal of scrap tire. On the other side, production of bio-binder reduces the need of lagoons to store swine manure, and decreases noxious odor originating from swine manure stored in lagoons. This study concentrates on the high temperature properties and temperature susceptibility of the bio modified rubber. To develop bio-modified rubber bio-binder were mixed with various percentages of ambient crumb rubber 80 mesh (0.177mm) ranging from 5 up to 50% by the weight of asphalt binder. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was employed to measure the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of un-aged and aged bio-modified rubber. Aging was conducted using rolling thin film oven (RTFO). The rotational viscometer (RV) was used to quantify the bio-modified rubber binder’s high temperature properties and pump-ability. It was found that bio-modified rubber binder’s viscosity decreases by increasing the bio-binder percentages at specified temperature. In addition, the increase of bio-binder percentages showed to improve temperature susceptibility and resistance to rutting. As such it was concluded that alternative asphalt with enhanced high temperature properties could be produced using scrap tire and bio-binder rubber

Land Cover Land Use Change and Soil Organic Carbon Under Climate Variability in the Semi-Arid West African Sahel (1960-2050)

Land Cover Land Use (LCLU) change affects land surface processes recognized to influence climate change at local, national and global levels. Soil organic carbon is a key component for the functioning of agro-ecosystems and has a direct effect on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The capacity to model and project LCLU change is of considerable interest for mitigation and adaptation measures in response to climate change. A combination of remote sensing analyses, qualitative social survey techniques, and biogeochemical modeling was used to study the relationships between climate change, LCLU change and soil organic carbon in the semiarid rural zone of Senegal between 1960 and 2050. For this purpose, four research hypotheses were addressed. This research aims to contribute to an understanding of future land cover land use change in the semi-arid West African Sahel with respect to climate variability and human activities. Its findings may provide insights to enable policy makers at local to national levels to formulate environmentally and economically adapted policy decisions. This dissertation research has to date resulted in two published and one submitted paper

Study On The High Temperature Performance Of Bio Modified Rubber Asphalt (Bmr)

The objective of this study is to produce an environmentally friendly paving material with enhanced high temperature performance. To do so, feasibility of synthesis an alternative asphalt binder from scrap tire rubber and bio-binder is investigated in this paper. The newly developed bio modified rubber is a hybrid viscoelastic thermoplastic adhesive composed of ambient crumb rubber and bio-binder. Bio-binder is produced from thermochemical conversion of swine manure, and crumb rubber is obtained from grinding of scrap tire. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned ingredients are derived from waste materials. Using crumb rubber as paving material can alleviate problems facing the solid waste management industry related to disposal of scrap tire. On the other side, production of bio-binder reduces the need of lagoons to store swine manure, and decreases noxious odor originating from swine manure stored in lagoons. This study concentrates on the high temperature properties and temperature susceptibility of the bio modified rubber. To develop bio-modified rubber bio-binder were mixed with various percentages of ambient crumb rubber 80 mesh (0.177mm) ranging from 5 up to 50% by the weight of asphalt binder. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was employed to measure the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of un-aged and aged bio-modified rubber. Aging was conducted using rolling thin film oven (RTFO). The rotational viscometer (RV) was used to quantify the bio-modified rubber binder’s high temperature properties and pump-ability. It was found that bio-modified rubber binder’s viscosity decreases by increasing the bio-binder percentages at specified temperature. In addition, the increase of bio-binder percentages showed to improve temperature susceptibility and resistance to rutting. As such it was concluded that alternative asphalt with enhanced high temperature properties could be produced using scrap tire and bio-binder rubber

KATP Channel Openers Have Opposite Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration Under Different Energetic Conditions

Mitochondrial (m) KATP channel opening has been implicated in triggering cardiac preconditioning. Its consequence on mitochondrial respiration, however, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of two different KATP channel openers and antagonists on mitochondrial respiration under two different energetic conditions. Oxygen consumption was measured for complex I (pyruvate/malate) or complex II (succinate with rotenone) substrates in mitochondria from fresh guinea pig hearts. One of two mKATP channel openers, pinacidil or diazoxide, was given before adenosine diphosphate in the absence or presence of an mKATP channel antagonist, glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate. Without ATP synthase inhibition, both mKATP channel openers differentially attenuated mitochondrial respiration. Neither mKATP channel antagonist abolished these effects. When ATP synthase was inhibited by oligomycin to decrease [ATP], both mKATP channel openers accelerated respiration for both substrate groups. This was abolished by mKATP channel blockade. Thus, under energetically more physiological conditions, the main effect of mKATP channel openers on mitochondrial respiration is differential inhibition independent of mKATP channel opening. In contrast, under energetically less physiological conditions, mKATP channel opening can be evidenced by accelerated respiration and blockade by antagonists. Therefore, the effects of mKATP channel openers on mitochondrial function likely depend on the experimental conditions and the cell\u27s underlying energetic state

Holoprosencephalie alobaire dans un contexte de syndrome polymalformatif : apport de l’imagerie, à propos d’un cas

L'holoprosencéphalie est une malformation cérébrale rare, d'étiologies multiples et souvent associée à des anomalies faciales évocatrices. Cette pathologie, résultant d'un défaut de développement précoce du prosencéphale, est de pronostic foetal extrêmement réservé en particulier pour la forme alobaire. Nous rapportons à travers ce cas clinique, une holoproséncéphalie alobaire diagnostiquée à l'imagerie (ETF, tomodensitométrie) et relevée par un syndrome polymalformatif chez un nouveau-né de 03 mois.Key words: Syndrome polymalformatif, Holoprosencéphalie, Fente labio-palatine, Echographie trans-fontanellaire, tomodensitométri

The telomeric transcriptome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Eukaryotic telomeres are transcribed into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). Telomeric transcription has been documented in mammals, birds, zebra fish, plants and budding yeast. Here we show that the chromosome ends of Schizosaccharomyces pombe produce distinct RNA species. As with budding yeast and mammals, S. pombe contains G-rich TERRA molecules and subtelomeric RNA species transcribed in the opposite direction of TERRA (ARRET). Moreover, fission yeast chromosome ends produce two novel RNA species: C-rich telomeric repeat-containing transcripts (ARIA) and subtelomeric transcripts complementary to ARRET (αARRET). RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) associates with pombe chromosome ends in vivo and the telomeric factor Rap1 negatively regulates this association, as well as the cellular accumulation of RNA emanating from chromosome ends. We also show that the RNAPII subunit Rpb7 and the non-canonical poly(A) polymerases Cid12 and Cid14 are involved in the regulation of TERRA, ARIA, ARRET and αARRET transcripts. We confirm the evolutionary conservation of telomere transcription, and reveal intriguing similarities and differences in the composition and regulation of telomeric transcripts among model organism

The conservative treatment of giant omphalocele by tanning with povidone iodine and aqueous 2% eosin solutions

Aim: The aim of this work was to report the result of nonoperative management of giant omphalocele by dressing with povidone iodine and aqueous eosin in Niger.Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted over 5 years (January 2011 to December 2015) in the Departments of Pediatric Surgery in the country. The procedure consisted of applying povidone iodine at the initial phase of the treatment as inpatient followed by aqueous eosine solution application as outpatient, which was continued up to complete epidermization. The clinical aspects, the complications and the mortality of omphalocele were discussed.Results: The study included about 13 patients; the mean age at presentation was 1.7 days (range: 3 h–8 days). The delivery was at home in 38.46% of the cases (five out of 13). The average birth weight was 2810 g. Associated congenital abnormalities were found in 46.15% of cases (six out of 13). The mean initial hospitalization duration was 8 days. The average length of complete epidermization duration was 9±2 weeks. The secondary surgical cure was realized in eight patients. The morbidity rate was 30.77% (four out of 13). The mortality rate was 23.07% (three out of 13).Conclusion: The conservative treatment of giant omphalocele through the application of povidone iodine and aqueous eosine is effective and cost-effective. This procedure should be privileged in our limited resources Health centers where pediatric intensive care unit are lacking.Keywords: conservative management, dressing, epidermization, omphalocel

Protection by Inhaled Hydrogen Therapy in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury can be Tracked \u3cem\u3ein vivo\u3c/em\u3e Using Molecular Imaging

Inhaled hydrogen gas (H2) provides protection in rat models of human acute lung injury (ALI). We previously reported that biomarker imaging can detect oxidative stress and endothelial cell death in vivo in a rat model of ALI. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) and 99mTc-duramycin to track the effectiveness of H2 therapy in vivo in the hyperoxia rat model of ALI. Rats were exposed to room air (normoxia), 98% O2 + 2% N2 (hyperoxia) or 98% O2 + 2% H2 (hyperoxia+H2) for up to 60 h. In vivo scintigraphy images were acquired following injection of 99mTc-HMPAO or 99mTc-duramycin. For hyperoxiarats, 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin lung uptake increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum increase of 270% and 150% at 60 h, respectively. These increases were reduced to 120% and 70%, respectively, in hyperoxia+H2 rats. Hyperoxia exposure increased glutathione content in lung homogenate (36%) more than hyperoxia+H2 (21%), consistent with increases measured in 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake. In 60-h hyperoxia rats, pleural effusion, which was undetectable in normoxia rats, averaged 9.3 gram/rat, and lung tissue 3-nitrotyrosine expression increased by 790%. Increases were reduced by 69% and 59%, respectively, in 60-h hyperoxia+H2 rats. This study detects and tracks the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of H2 therapy in vivo after as early as 24 h of hyperoxia exposure. The results suggest the potential utility of these SPECT biomarkers for in vivo assessment of key cellular pathways in the pathogenesis of ALI and for monitoring responses to therapies

Quelques problèmes de mise en valeur du bassin du Sénégal

Large development projects are in progress in the more important river basins of Africa. Renovation attempts in these areas are, for the most part, re-makes of an idea which came to Africa with the Europeans. The development of the Senegal river basin is an example of this.Whether now or in the colonial era, the objectives of making the Senegal river basin a prosperous beachhead, and one of the sub-regional breadbaskets have remained constant as have the strategies involved although producing different outcomes which provide rich lessons for the present and the future. Thus, we can analyse the attempt at agricultural colonisation, started in Senegal by baron Roger with the creation in 1822, of an experimental garden on the present site of the district of Richard Toll.In the light of experience of agricultural colonisation of the delta, we can understand some of the present problems of the development of the reiver valley