Preliminary design of a superconducting coil array for NASA prototype magnetic balance

Using a computer program a partly optimized configuration for a supeconducting version of side and lift coil system of NASA-MIT prototype is presented. Cable size for the mentioned coils and also for superconducting drag and magnetizing coils regarding the overall computed field was determined

Antibacterial effects of some medicinal plant essential oils against Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila

In this study, the antibacterial effects of essential oil extracted from 4 medicinal plants, (Thymus deansis, Satureja bachtiarica, Cuminus cyminam and Myrtus communis) carvacrol, tymol, florfenicol and tetracycline against three pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus garvieae) were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the essential oils were evaluated after preparation of serial dilution. Inhibition zone were also determined on Muller Hinton agar medium. According to the results, the largest inhibition zone was observed from S. bachtiarica and C. cyminam essential oils against A. hydrophila, Y. ruckeri and L. garvieae. The obtained results showed different MICs and MBCs for different bacteria; however, in most cases the essential oils were more effective than tetracycline. Tymol, florfenicol and S. bachtiarica essential oil demonstrated the highest inhibitory and bactericidal effects against A. hydrophila, Y. ruckeri and L. garvieae, respectively. The MIC and MBC of tymol against A. hydrophila were 6.3 and 12.5 µg ml-1 , respectively. The MIC and MBC of florfenicol against L. garvieae were 3.125 and 6.25 and of S. bachtiarica essential oil against Y. ruckeri were 6.25 and 12.5 µg ml-1, respectively. It can be concluded that the sensitivity of the bacteria studied to the essential oils are different. However, considering the antimicrobial effects of some essential oils, it is necessary to evaluate their beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in fish

The relationship of individual accountability with job stress and work deviant behavior among nurses

Background and aims: Individual accountability and its positive and negative effectiveness are the most challenges of organization subjects. The root of some medical staffs' behaviors and activities is individual accountability. So, the present paper was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between individual accountability with job stress and work deviant behavior with mediating role of personality trait of conscientiousness. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 175 employee nurses of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals were entered in this research in 2014. Data were collected using Hochwarter, Casta, Mackgor, Mulkr, Robinson and Bennett, and House and Rizzo standard questionnaires. The structural equations model was used to study the relationship between Latent variables and the measured ones in conceptual model. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of individual accountability and personality trait of conscientiousness (P 0.05 and r = - 0.26, r = - 0.36). Conclusion: According to the present theoretical and research foundations at hand, individual accountability directly affects job stress and work deviant behavior among employees, and on the basis of the findings of the present study conscientiousness bears a significant negative causal effect on job stress and work deviant behavior. It is concluded that conscientiousness decreases the negative causal and potential effect of accountability on stress and work deviant behavior

Comparison of four RNA isolating methods for identification of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV)

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), a negative sense single stranded RNA virus of the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of a highly contagious SVC disease that primarily affects the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), an economically important fresh water fish species with world-wide distribution.SVCV has also been reported to cause disease in other fishes such as Poeciliidae, Esocida , Centrarchidae , Siluridae and salmonidae . There are several diagnostic tests for the detection of SVC virus,however, the tests have not been validated. The reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques have been developed and validated representing a powerful tool for detection of RNA. One of the most important aspects isolating RNA is to prevent degradation of the RNA during the isolation procedure. In this study, we explored the efficiency of protocols for RNA isolation from the SVCV strain 56/70. For RNA isolation, we compared four protocols, two guanidine isotiocyanate phenol – chloroform based protocols (RNX – Plus Iran, Iq2000 kit Taiwan) and two column based protocols (Cinnapure RNA Iran, high pure viral RNA kit, Roche Germany) that were commercially available. The results showed that the column based protocols, Roche method and Cinapure performed better than other methods with the yields of 31.76 ng/µl, 16/21 ng/µl, respectively. Each protocol yielded good quality of total RNA bands (480 bp) being observed in agarose gel electrophoreses but was not observed in IQ2000 kit. Amount of total RNA isolated was lower for IQ2000 kit Protocol. Further, the RNA being extracted from SVC by column based protocol method were resulted in successful amplified using RT-PCR method

Application of superconducting coils to the NASA prototype magnetic balance

Application of superconducting coils to a general purpose magnetic balance was studied. The most suitable currently available superconducting cable for coils appears to be a bundle of many fine wires which are transposed and are mechanically confined. Sample coils were tested at central fields up to .5 Tesla, slewing rates up to 53 Tesla/ sec and frequencies up to 30 Hz. The ac losses were measured from helium boil-off and were approximately 20% higher than those calculated. Losses were dominated by hysteresis and a model for loss calculation which appears suitable for design purposes is presented along with computer listings. Combinations of two coils were also tested and interaction losses are reported. Two feasible geometries are also presented for prototype magnetic balance using superconductors

Vaccination of rainbow trout against Streptococcus iniae infection: comparison of different routes of administration and different vaccines

Antibody production and clinical efficacy (relative percent survival RPS) were measured in 40±5g rainbow trout after immunization with two types of Streptococcus iniae vaccines consisting of formalin killed cells (FKC) and FKC enriched with the bacterial extracellular products (ECP) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p), immersion and oral routes at 16±1°C for 18 weeks. No significant difference was found in antibody levels among the fish i.p immunized with FKC enriched with ECP plus Freunds' adjuvant (FA), FKC plus FA and FKC vaccines (P>0.05), whilst the antibody production was significantly higher in these three groups than fish immunized by immersion and oral routes of FKC and FKC enriched ECP (P0.05). The RPSs ranging 82.6-100, 73.9-95 and 73.9-91.7% were obtained in the fish intraperitoneally immunized with FKC enriched ECP plus FA, FKC plus FA and FKC vaccines, respectively, compared to 0% survival for the control fish. Also, RPS in fish vaccinated by the immersion route was in the range 45.8-30.4% after 18 weeks post-vaccination. Efficacy of oral vaccination of fish with FKC plus ECP was in range of 8.7-29% and that of fish orally vaccinated with FKC resulted in 8.7-20.8% protection

Haemato-immunological responses to diazinon chronic toxicity in Barbus sharpeyi

The present research aimed to determine acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon on some haematological and immunological parameters of Barbus sharpeyi by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development methods. Juvenile B. sharpeyi were exposed to 0, 5%, 10% and 25% 96h LC50 concentrations of diazinon for 21 days. Blood samples were taken after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure to diazinon. Haematological and biochemical parameters including: RBC, Hb, PCV and WBC, as well as serum enzymes were evaluated. Immunological indices and resistance against bacterial infection, were determined. Results showed that 96h LC50 of diazinon in B. sharpeyi was estimated at 3.987 mg/L. Diazinon toxicity at a level of 1 and 0.4 mg/L decreased RBC, Hb, and Hematocrite, in almost all sampling periods compared. WBC and globular index decreased significantly in fish exposed to 1 mg/L diazinon on days 14 and 21(p0.05). Dose dependent decrease in serum total protein and globulin were indicated in diazinon exposed fish. Serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity decreased in T3 and T4 at days 14 and 21. Mortality following challenge to A. hydrophila increased in fish exposed to 1 mg/l diazinon. It can be concluded that diazinon is toxic to B. sharpeyi. Therefore, the strict biosecurity should be taken into consideration when this pesticide is used in agricultural fields surrounding freshwater sources of fish cultivation

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus on growth performance, gut microbial flora and digestive enzymes activities in Tor grypus (Karaman, 1971)

In this study, two main probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) were isolated from the intestine of Tor grypus and their effects on growth performance, gut microbial flora and digestive enzymes activities (i.e., α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase) of Tor grypus (Karaman, 1971) were determined. Juveniles of T. grypus (n=480, weighing 45±10 g) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (with 3 replications) and fed on diets containing 5×10^7 cfu g^-1 of L. plantarum (G1), L. bulgaricus (G2), L. casei (G3) and a control diet (without probiotic) for 60 continuous days. Results showed that probiotic supplementations had generally significant effects on growth performance (p<0.05). The G2 group had the best effect on specific growth rate (SGR) and feed utilization efficiency in T. grypus. The digestive enzyme activities, on day 30 after feeding, significantly increased in G1 when compared with those in the control group (p<0.05). Significant changes in bacterial intestinal flora were observed in all probiotic groups compared with the control (p<0.05). Our results indicated that supplementation of isolated bacteria from the intestine of T. grypus (i.e., G2) can efficiently improve growth performance, intestinal microbiota and some digestive enzyme activities in juvenile T. grypus. Therefore, it can be isolated and used as a growth enhancer just like the commercial probiotics

Global outer connected domination number of a graph

In this paper we obtain some bounds for outer connected domination numbers and global outer connected domination numbers of graphs