PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENUNJANG PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR BAGI GURU-GURU SMPN 32 BANJARMASIN

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi pada tahun 2020 ini telah mengharuskan optimalisasi penggunaan teknologi untuk menjamin tetap terlaksananya proses belajar mengajar yang aman, cepat dan efisien lewat pembelajaran online. Saat ini pembelajaran online dapat dilakukan secara langsung dan dapat pula dilaksanakan secara tidak langsung. Untuk pembelajaran online secara langsung dapat menggunakan berbagai macam aplikasi meeting online, sedangkan pembelajaran online tidak langsung dapat menggunakan berbagai macam aplikasi Learning Management System seperti Google Classroom dan Edmodo. Khusus untuk pembelajaran online tidak langsung, para guru dituntut untuk bisa menyampaikan bahan ajar yang interaktif dan mudah dipahami oleh para siswa, khususnya yang berbentuk video, sehingga walaupun tidak terjadi tatap muka secara langsung, namun diharapkan para siswa dapat dengan mudah menyimak penjelasan-penjelasan yang disampaikan oleh guru. Untuk itu, para guru dituntut untuk mampu menguasai  keahlian dalam pembuatan video multimedia pembelajaran. SMPN 32 Banjarmasin sebagai sebuah sekolah negeri di kota Banjarmasin, mempunyai 18 orang guru yang secara umum masih belum menguasai teknik pembuatan video multimedia untuk pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, sangat diperlukan untuk diadakan pelatihan pembuatan video multimedia pembelajaran untuk guru-guru SMPN 32 Banjarmasin sehingga dapat memperlancar dan mempermudah proses belajar mengajar yang ada di SMPN 32 Banjarmasin.   Keyword: Video Multimedia Pembelajaran, SMPN 32 Banjarmasi

Immune responses in the treatment of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis with phenylbutyrate and vitamin D3 as host directed therapy

Background We have previously shown that 8 weeks’ treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with or without vitamin D3 (vitD3) (5000 IU/day) as host-directed therapy (HDT) accelerated clinical recovery, sputum culture conversion and increased expression of cathelicidin LL-37 by immune cells in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study we further aimed to examine whether HDT with PBA and vitD3 promoted clinically beneficial immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes in TB patients. Methods Cytokine concentration was measured in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (n = 31/group). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GADD34 and XBP1spl) and human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) gene expression were studied in monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDM) (n = 18/group) from PBMC of patients. Autophagy in MDM (n = 6/group) was evaluated using LC3 expression by confocal microscopy. Results A significant decline in the concentration of cytokines/chemokines was noted from week 0 to 8 in the PBA-group [TNF-α (β = − 0.34, 95% CI = − 0.68, − 0.003; p = 0.04), CCL11 (β = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.36, − 0.03; p = 0.02) and CCL5 (β = − 0.08, 95% CI = − 0.16, 0.002; p = 0.05)] and vitD3-group [(CCL11 (β = − 0.17, 95% CI = − 0.34, − 0.001; p = 0.04), CXCL10 (β = − 0.38, 95% CI = − 0.77, 0.003; p = 0.05) and PDGF-β (β = − 0.16, 95% CI = − 0.31, 0.002; p = 0.05)] compared to placebo. Both PBA- and vitD3-groups showed a decline in XBP1spl mRNA on week 8 (p < 0.03). All treatment groups demonstrated increased LC3 expression in MDM compared to placebo over time (p < 0.037). Conclusion The use of PBA and vitD3 as adjunct therapy to standard TB treatment promoted favorable immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes.This study was supported by the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Sida (Sida-icddrb Agreement support; Grant 384, SWE-2008-065) and Swedish Strategic Foundation (SSF, Grant No. RBd08–0014), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (Grant No. 2013–0366) and Swedish Research Council (Grant No. 2016–01496). No funding bodies had any role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.Peer Reviewe

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF LENTIL (Lens culinaris Medik)

Present study was conducted at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad during the years 2006 and 2007 with the objectives; to study the inheritance of seed yield and related traits in both hybridized (F 6 ) and mutated (M 6 ) populations of lentil and to determine the best selection criterion for the improvement of seed yield. Different genetic parameters (variances, heritabilities, genetic gains and correlations) were computed to study the inheritance pattern and interrelationships of different traits. High heritability was observed for days to flower (97.40%), plant height (90.80%), pods per plant (86.20%), hundred seed weight (83.50%) and seed yield per plant (91.80%) in F 6 and for days to flower (96.9%), days to mature (91.8%), hundred seed weight (89.0%) and seed yield per plant (94.0%) in M 6 generation. High heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance was noted for plant height (90.8%, 16.29) pods per plant (86.20%, 25.53) hundred seed weight (83.50%, 35.67) and seed yield per plant (91.80%, 35.84) in F 6 generation and for days to flower (96.9%, 25.08), hundred seed weight (89.0%, 25.56) and seed yield per plant (94.0%, 37.01) in M 6 generation. The traits mentioned were found to be under the control of additive genes. Seed yield had positive and significant correlation with pods per plant in M 6 and with seed weight in both generations. It was concluded that seed weight and pods per plant may be used as selection criterion in both hybridized and mutated populations for the improvement of seed yield

Inheritance of seed yield and related traits in some lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) genotypes

. Fifteen lentil lines/varieties were evaluated to exploit yield components to the maximum extent and to formulate selection criteria for the improvement of seed yield. Significant genetic variation was observed for all the traits. All the traits under study had high heritability values except number of primary branches. Higher values of heritability coupled with genetic advance were observed for seed yield (98.30%, 128.20%), harvest index (97.10%, 79.40%), biological yield (94.30%, 56.10%) and hundred seed weight (88.30%, 50.80%) which indicates the role of additive genes to control these traits. Hundred seed weight (0.67, 0.65), harvest index (0.94, 0.93) and biological yield (0.81, 0.80) had positive and highly significant correlation with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Number of primary branches, hundred seed weight, harvest index and biological yield showed positive direct effect along with positive genotypic correlation with seed yield. Finally, it was concluded that the traits like hundred seed weight, harvest index and biological yield can be exploited for the improvement of seed yield in lentil

AGE AND ORGAN SPECIFIC ACCUMULATION OF ASCORBATE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS GROWN UNDER ETIOLATION ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS

Ascorbate plays a diverse role in plant growth and metabolism. The present study was planned to reveal out the dynamics and role of ascorbic acid during early ontogenesis of wheat seedlings grown under etiolation alone and combined with oxidative stress (100mM H2O2) condition. Ascorbic acid accumulates in all organs i.e. roots, leaf and coleoptile of wheat under both types of stress conditions. The accumulation was organ as well as age specific. For combined stressed seedlings, ascorbate contents were overlapping only in leaf and coleoptile and were significantly higher in roots on 5th, 7th and 8th day as compare to other organs. A highly significant organ specific deference in ascorbate contents was observed on 8th day in both types of seedlings. Roots maintained the maximum ascorbate followed by coleoptile and leaf. Combined stressed seedlings, as compared to etiolated seedlings, accumulated significantly higher ascorbic acid in leaf on 6thand 7th day and in roots on 5th and 7th day. Contrary to this ascorbic acid contents were significantly higher in coleoptile of etiolated seedlings on 8th day. Collectively it was obvious that ascorbic acid accumulation is essential for growth and development of both etiolated and combined stressed seedlings. The accumulation is organ and age specific being maximum in roots followed by coleoptile and leaf

Significant Effects of Oral Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Adjunctive Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required to control the global spread of TB. Previous results have shown that vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) are potent inducers of the host defense peptide LL-37 that possess anti-mycobacterial effects.To examine if oral adjunctive therapy with 5,000IU vitD3 or 2x500 mg PBA or PBA+vitD3 to standard chemotherapy would lead to enhanced recovery in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients.Adult TB patients (n = 288) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh. Primary endpoints included proportions of patients with a negative sputum culture at week 4 and reduction in clinical symptoms at week 8. Clinical assessments and sputum smear microscopy were performed weekly up to week 4, fortnightly up to week 12 and at week 24; TB culture was performed at week 0, 4 and 8; concentrations of LL-37 in cells, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in plasma and ex vivo bactericidal function of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were determined at week 0, 4, 8, 12 and additionally at week 24 for plasma 25(OH)D3.At week 4, 71% (46/65) of the patients in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 61.3% (38/62) in the vitD3-group (p = 0.032) were culture negative compared to 42.2% (27/64) in the placebo-group. The odds of sputum culture being negative at week 4 was 3.42 times higher in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 2.2 times higher in vitD3-group (p = 0.032) compared to placebo. The concentration of LL-37 in MDM was significantly higher in the PBA-group compared to placebo at week 12 (p = 0.034). Decline in intracellular Mtb growth in MDM was earlier in the PBA-group compared to placebo (log rank 11.38, p = 0.01).Adjunct therapy with PBA+vitD3 or vitD3 or PBA to standard short-course therapy demonstrated beneficial effects towards clinical recovery and holds potential for host-directed-therapy in the treatment of TB.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01580007

Kaplan Meier survival graph for monocyte-derived-macrophage (MDM)-mediated killing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)</i>.

<p>Data are expressed as viability of <i>Mtb</i> in ‘relative CFU (colony forming unit) counts’. A ‘relative CFU count’ was calculated by normalizing the data in each time point with the inoculated <i>Mtb</i> CFU. A cut-off of 0.1 was considered as zero. PBA-group exhibited significantly earlier decline in intracellular <i>Mtb</i> CFU counts after MDM-mediated killing compared to the placebo-group.</p

Mean TB score in TB patients in the four intervention arms during the study period.

<p>Standard deviation is shown as vertical bar. Comparisons of intervention arms are made with the placebo arm with statistically significant differences being shown in asterisks. The PBA-group demonstrated significantly lower TB scores than the placebo group at week 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12. At week 10 all three intervention groups showed lower scores than the placebo group. Multivariate regression analysis was utilized for comparison of mean effect of clinical scores in the different intervention groups.</p

Plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ at baseline, week 4, 8 and 12 after initiation of treatment in TB patients in the four intervention arms.

<p>The groups receiving vitD₃ supplementation (vitD₃ and PBA+vitD₃-groups) exhibited significantly higher concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ at week 4, 8 and 12 intervals compared to placebo after initiation of therapy (p<0.000 for all).</p