Site classification of Turkish national strong-motion stations

Since 1973, the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of Turkey has deployed several strong-motion accelerographs at selected sites. Within the framework of the project entitled Compilation of National Strong Ground Motion Database in Accordance with International Standards, site conditions were investigated within the upper 30-m depth by surface seismic and standard penetration tests. Preliminary characterization of the sites is made by making use of both geophysical and geotechnical criteria of NEHRP Provisions and Eurocode-8 site classification systems. The liquefaction susceptibility of those sites which comprise saturated cohesionless deposits is also determined. Mean shear-wave velocity, mean penetration resistance, site class, and liquefaction susceptibility of each site are tabulated. The Turkish strong-motion database supplemented by detailed information on site conditions is a valuable source of information particularly for those studies that put emphasis on the relationship between site conditions and strong-motion parameters

Frontal sinus mucocele: A case report

Mukoseller, epitelyal sınırlı, paranazal sinüs içini tamamen dolduran ve mukus içeren yapılardır. En sık frontal daha sonra etmoid, maksiller ve sfenoid sinüste görülürler. Büyüdükçe çevreye bası yaparak kemik erozyonuna ve sinüs dışına taşarak değişik semptomlara neden olurlar. Yedi aydır sol gözde giderek artan şişlik şikayeti ile kliniğimize başvuran 43 yaşında erkek hastanın yapılan muayenesinde sol gözde ağrı, periorbital ödem ve propitozis saptandı. Paranazal sinüs tomografisinde sol frontal sinüsü tamamen dolduran ve inferior duvarını erode ederek orbita içerisine uzanım gösteren, göz küresine üstten bası yapan 3x1, 5x3,5 cm boyutunda mukosel saptandı. Frontal sinüs mukoseli endoskopik sinüs cerrahisiyle nazal kaviteye marsupiyalize edildi.Mucoceles are the structures that are limited in the epithelium and are filling in the paranasal sinuses with mucus content. They are most frequently seen in the frontal sinus and then in ethmoid, maxillary and sphenoid sinuses, by decreasing rate. They cause bone erosion as they enlarge and different symptoms when they run over the sinus. Left orbital pain, periorbital edema and proptosis was determined in the examination of the 43 years old male patient; who was referred to our clinic with progressively enlarging left orbital tumour for seven months. In the paranasal sinus computerized tomography, a mucocele; approximately with the diameter of 3x1, 5x3,5 cm, that fills in the whole frontal sinus and reachs the orbita by eroding the inferior sinus wall and compresses the orbita superiorly, was determined. This frontal sinus mucocele was marsupialized to the nasal cavity by endoscopic sinus surgery

Can the blood groups be a risk factor in noise-ınduced hearing loss?

Yüksek şiddetteki gürültü işitme kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. Bireysel faktörler bu etkilenmenin derecesini belirleyici olabilir. Kan gruplan da bireye özgü faktörler arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada amaç gürültülü bir iş yerinde çalışan işçilerde ortaya çıkan işitme kaybının kan gruplarına göre dağılımını saptamaktı. Gürültü düzeyi 85-95 dB arasında değişen bir kağıt fabrikasında günde 8 saat çalışan 148 işçi değerlendirmeye alındı. İşçilerin hepsi erkekti. Ortalama yaşları 40 (dağılım 20-56 yaş) idi. İşçilerin ortalama çalışma süresi 15,5 (1-22 yıl) yıl idi. Çalışma grubundaki tüm işçilerin saf ses odyogramları elde edildi ve kan grupları belirlendi. Yüzkırksekiz işçinin 85’inde (%57,4) yüksek frekanslarda (3000-6000 Hz) sensörinöral işitme kaybı saptandı. İşçilerin 45’inde (%30) kan grubu 0 iken, 33’ünde (%22) B grubu, 15’inde (%10) AB grubu, 55’i (%37) A grubu idi. Bunların içinde kan grubu 0 olan 45 kişinin 31 ’inde (%68), B grubu olan 33 işçinin 18’inde (%54), AB grubu olan 15 işçinin 8’inde (%53) ve A grubu olan 55 işçinin 27’sinde (%54) sensörinöral işitme kaybı saptandı. Tüm gruplar işitme kaybı açısında kendi aralarında değerlendirildiklerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Ancak toplumun ve olguların büyük kısmını oluşturan 0 kan grubu ile A kan grubuna sahip kişiler, işitme kaybı açısında kendi aralarında değerlendirildiklerinde 0 kan grubuna sahip kişilerde işitme kaybı oranı daha fazla olarak saptandı (p<0.05). 0 kan grubuna sahip olmak GBİK’nm gelişiminde rol oynayan bir risk faktörü olabilir.Severe high noise may ca use hearing loss. Ind ividu al factors ca n determine the severity of hear ing loss. Blood gro ups ca n a lso be considered among these indi vidual factors . In this study, we aim to determine the blood group distr ibution amo ng the wo rkers who had acquired hearing loss while working in the noisy wo rki ng area . 148 wo rkers; who has been working for 8 ho urs/day in a paper factory that has a 85-95 dB noise level we re incl uded into the study. All of the wo rkers were male and their mean age was 40 yea rs (range 20-56 years). Mean wo rking time was 15.5 years (range 1-22 years). Pure tone audiograms and blood group types of all workers in the study gro up were obtai ned. Sensorineura l hear ing loss at hig h frequencies (30 00-6000 Hz) were detected in 85 of 148 wo rkers (%57.4) . The blood gro up distr ibut ion amo ng the wo rkers was as following; 45 workers (%30) we re 0, 33 were (%22) B, 15 were (%10) AB and 55 were (%37) A blood group. Sensorineural hearing loss was detected in 3 1 of 45 (%68) workers who are 0, in 18 of 33 (%5 4) wo rkers who are B, in 8 of 15 (%53) wo rkers who are AB and in 27 of 55 (% 54) workers who are A blood gro up. No statistica lly significa nt differen ce was determined when all groups we re eva luated wit h eac h oth er. But, when we eva luate the peopl e who are A and 0 blood group eac h other, that are also the maj or group of the whole society and the study subjects, in the point of hearin g loss, hearing loss rate was more in the peopl e who have 0 blood gro up type (

Characterizations of special time-like curves in Lorentzian plane L-2

In this paper, we first obtain the differential equation characterizing position vector of time-like curve in Lorentzian plane L-2. Then we study the special curves such as Smarandache curves, circular indicatrices, and curves of constant breadth in Lorentzian plane L-2. We give some characterizations of these special curves in L-2.WOS:00041071210000

High-temperature behavior and mechanical characteristics of boron waste additive metakaolin based geopolymer composites reinforced with synthetic fibers

This paper aims to examine high-temperature behavior and some mechanical and microstructural characteristics of boron waste additive metakaolin based geopolymer mortar composites reinforced with four various fiber types. Synthetic fibers (polyolefin, basalt, modified polyamide and polyvinyl alcohol) were used to evaluate their addition effect on the geopolymer composites behavior. Some experimental tests were performed such as compressive strength, flexural strength, toughness, abrasion resistance and high-temperature exposure to determine the influence of the fibers to be added on the properties of metakaolin based geopolymer mortars. Geopolymer mixtures were prepared by a combination of boron waste and metakaolin activated by sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions and then heat cure was done. Experimental test results indicated that the addition of various types of fibers improved the strength characteristics of the geopolymer composites, for instance, PVA fiber samples yielded a flexural toughness improvement of 415.58% with respect to control sample. Concerning abrasion resistance, all of the manufactured samples showed a length change of less than 2 mm and a weight loss of less than 15 g. The use of synthetic fibers positively affected high-temperature behavior of metakaolin based geopolymer composites in terms of strength loss, weight loss and UPV loss. The microstructural analysis revealed an acceptable degree of bonding between synthetic fibers and geopolymeric matrix. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Benign mucosal lesions of vocal fold: A retrospective analysis

Amaç: Vokal kordun benign mukozal hastalığı tanısı ile, kliniğimizde süspansiyon larengoskopi ve eksizyonel biyopsi uygulanmış hastaların retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: 2001- 2005 yılları arasında klini-ğimizde vokal kordun benign mukozal hastalığı tanısı ile, süspansiyon larengoskopi ve eksizyonel biyopsi uygulanmış olan hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, geliş şikayetleri, şikayetin süresi, ek hastalığı, sesini yüksek volümde kullanma, sigara içimi gibi özellikler not edildi. Hastaların fizik muayenelerinde ortaya çıkan tüm KBB patolojileri, lezyonların yerleşim yerleri ve preoperatif tanıları belirlendi. Lezyonların tanısında videolarengoskopi ve direk larengoskopi bulguları gözönüne alındı. Kesin tanı histopatolojik değerlendirme sonrasında geliştirildi. Bulgular: 50 hasta (38’i kadın,12’si erkek; ortalama yaş 45; dağılım 21-81) Lezyonların, klinik ve histopatolojik değerlendirmeleri sonucu hastaların 18’inde (%36) nodül, 15’inde (%30) polip, 3’ünde (%6) kist, 2’sinde (%4) hemanjiyom, papillom, Reinke ödemi saptandı. . Sonuç: Vokal kord benign mukozal lezyonlarının kadın cinste daha fazla rastlandığı izlendi. Bu lezyonların etiyopatogenezinde nazal patolojilerin önemli bir predispozan faktör olarak rol oynadığı kanaatine varıldı.Objectives: To analyze the patients who were diagnosed as benign mucosal lesions of vocal fold and treated by suspension laryngoscopy and excision biopsy in our clinic retrospectively. Material and Methods: The files of the patients with benign mucosal vocal fold lesions treated by suspension laryngoscopy and excision biopsy between 2001 and 2005 years were analyzed retrospectively. The characteristics of the patients such as age, gender, career, kinds and duration of symptoms, accompanying disease, phonotrauma risks, and smoking were noted. Videoendolaryngoscopic and direct laryngoscopic findings of all vocal fold lesions with preoperative diagnosis were reviewed. The final diagnosis was made definite after the histopathological examination. Results: Of the 50 patients included, 35 patients were women and 12 were men, with a mean age of 45 years. Clinical and histopathological examinations of these lesions revealed vocal nodules in 18 patients (36%), polyps in 15 patients (30%), cysts in 3 patients (6%), hemangiomas, papillomas and Reinke edema in 2 patients (4%). Conclusions: Vocal cord benign mucosal lesions were mostly seen in women. In our opinion nasal pathologies play important role in etiopathogenesis of these kinds of lesions

RP-HPLC/MS/MS Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia L. Species

The identification and quantification of the phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of three Salvia L. species namely S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed, S. aethiopis L., and S. microstegia Boiss. and Bal. were evaluated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV adsorption, and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS). In order to determine the antioxidant capacity of these species, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing assay (CUPRAC) and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing assay (FRAP) were performed to screen the reducing capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed for evaluation of the radical scavenging activity for both solvents. In further investigation, the antimicrobial activities of Salvia species were tested using the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species, as well as three fungi species. The results showed that there is a total of 18 detectable phenols, the most abundant of which was kaempferol in S. microstegia and rosmarinic acids in S. brachyantha and S aethiopis. The other major phenols were found to be apigenin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid. All species tested showed moderate and lower antioxidant activity than standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extracts of Salvia species revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity. S. brachyantha and S. microstegia showed the highest antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis, whereas S. aethiopis was more effective on Y. lipolytica. None of the extracts showed anti-fungal activity against S. cerevisiae. Thus these species could be valuable due to their bioactive compounds. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud Universitylhami Gulcin and Saleh H. Alwasel would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Research Chairs Program at King Saud University for providing funding for this research

Benign mucosal lesions of vocal fold: A retrospective analysis

Amaç: Vokal kordun benign mukozal hastalığı tanısı ile, kliniğimizde süspansiyon larengoskopi ve eksizyonel biyopsi uygulanmış hastaların retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: 2001- 2005 yılları arasında klini-ğimizde vokal kordun benign mukozal hastalığı tanısı ile, süspansiyon larengoskopi ve eksizyonel biyopsi uygulanmış olan hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, geliş şikayetleri, şikayetin süresi, ek hastalığı, sesini yüksek volümde kullanma, sigara içimi gibi özellikler not edildi. Hastaların fizik muayenelerinde ortaya çıkan tüm KBB patolojileri, lezyonların yerleşim yerleri ve preoperatif tanıları belirlendi. Lezyonların tanısında videolarengoskopi ve direk larengoskopi bulguları gözönüne alındı. Kesin tanı histopatolojik değerlendirme sonrasında geliştirildi. Bulgular: 50 hasta (38’i kadın,12’si erkek; ortalama yaş 45; dağılım 21-81) Lezyonların, klinik ve histopatolojik değerlendirmeleri sonucu hastaların 18’inde (%36) nodül, 15’inde (%30) polip, 3’ünde (%6) kist, 2’sinde (%4) hemanjiyom, papillom, Reinke ödemi saptandı. . Sonuç: Vokal kord benign mukozal lezyonlarının kadın cinste daha fazla rastlandığı izlendi. Bu lezyonların etiyopatogenezinde nazal patolojilerin önemli bir predispozan faktör olarak rol oynadığı kanaatine varıldı.Objectives: To analyze the patients who were diagnosed as benign mucosal lesions of vocal fold and treated by suspension laryngoscopy and excision biopsy in our clinic retrospectively. Material and Methods: The files of the patients with benign mucosal vocal fold lesions treated by suspension laryngoscopy and excision biopsy between 2001 and 2005 years were analyzed retrospectively. The characteristics of the patients such as age, gender, career, kinds and duration of symptoms, accompanying disease, phonotrauma risks, and smoking were noted. Videoendolaryngoscopic and direct laryngoscopic findings of all vocal fold lesions with preoperative diagnosis were reviewed. The final diagnosis was made definite after the histopathological examination. Results: Of the 50 patients included, 35 patients were women and 12 were men, with a mean age of 45 years. Clinical and histopathological examinations of these lesions revealed vocal nodules in 18 patients (36%), polyps in 15 patients (30%), cysts in 3 patients (6%), hemangiomas, papillomas and Reinke edema in 2 patients (4%). Conclusions: Vocal cord benign mucosal lesions were mostly seen in women. In our opinion nasal pathologies play important role in etiopathogenesis of these kinds of lesions