Проблема здоровьесбережения детей в современной России

Pretreatment of mixed softwoods with SO2 impregnation and steam for production of ethanol has been investigated. The optimal conditions, both for sugar yield and ethanol yield, to assess the effect of inhibitors formed in the pretreatment, have been determined. The parameters investigated were: SO2 concentration (1-6% (w/w) dry matter), temperature (190-230 degrees C) and residence time (2-15 min). After pretreatment, the material was separated into a solid residue and a filtrate. The solid residue was enzymatically hydrolysed with 2% dry matter (w/w). To investigate fermentability, the hydrolysed filtrate was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effects of the different parameters are described by response-surface modelling. The highest experimental sugar yield of 42.1 g per 100 g dry matter was obtained at 210 degrees C and 5.5 min residence time. Although the fermentabilities were good for all filtrates with yields greater than 90% of the yield obtained in a pure glucose reference solution, the pretreatment has a clear influence on the ethanol production rate. (C) 1998 SCI

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR APRIL 1959

A concentration cell electrode was installed in a fritted glass surface and was used to measure the surface KCl concentration while water was being transpired through the surface into a mixed tank of 0.1 M KCl. The results from the first Fluorox run made with crude UF/sub 4/ showed that 85.3% of the theoretical amount of UF/sub 6/ was accounted for, with 17.9% being collected in cold traps and the remainder being consumed in various side reactions. Installation was completed of apparatus to study the electrolytic removal of nickel on an engineering scale from concentrated HRT fuel solution. An extremely low yield stress of 0.02 lb/sq ft was measured for a thoria-urania slurry containing 2.5 wt.% Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and spherical particles of 1.7 micron mean diameter. Preliminary data on the rate of uranium sorption on Dowex 21K from sulfate solutions were correlated with a simple spherical diffusion model. Laboratory scale studies to determine the effect of reflux time, HNO/sub 3/ concentration, and air sparge on chloride removal from APPR-type Darex dissolver product showed that an air sparge is definitely beneficial in chloride removal. Preliminary cyclic cleaning tests showed that boiling 25% caustic solution was adequate for cleaning type F (20 micron) porous metal filter elements fouled in the absence of filter aid with siliceous sludge from Darex solvent extraction feed solutions. Sections of unirradiated stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/, sheared into lengths of 1/2 in., 1 in., 2 in., and 2 3/4 in., were leached free of UO/sub 2/ with 10 M HNO/sub 3/ in 30, 45, 60, and 75 min, respectively. The abrasive blade cost for the removal of inert end adapters from selected reactor assemblies ranges from 12 for the Gas-Cooled Reactor to 19 for Consolidated Edison. A zirconium dissolution was carried to completion at 600 ction prod- C in a NaF-LiF salt mixture containing initially 23 mol per cent ZrF/sub 4/ at an average rate of 1.3 mg/(cm/sup 2/)(min) with an HF feed rate of 2 lb/hr. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity at the center of an 8-in. diameter cake of Darex waste calcined at about 900 ction prod- C were determined as a function of temperature. (For preceding period see CF-59-3-61.) (auth

WhoLoDancE: Towards a methodology for selecting Motion Capture Data across different Dance Learning Practice

<p>In this paper we present the objectives and preliminary work of WhoLoDancE a Research and Innovation Action funded under the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 programme, aiming at using new technologies for capturing and analyzing dance movement to facilitate whole-body interaction learning experiences for a variety of dance genres. Dance is a diverse and heterogeneous practice and WhoLoDancE will develop a protocol for the creation and/or selection of dance sequences drawn from different dance styles for different teaching and learning modalities. As dance learning practice lacks standardization beyond dance genres and specific schools and techniques, one of the first project challenges is to bring together a variety of dance genres and teaching practices and work towards a methodology for selecting the appropriate shots for motion capturing, to acquire kinetic material which will provide a satisfying proof of concept for Learning scenarios of particular genres. The four use cases we are investigating are 1) classical ballet, 2) contemporary dance, 3) flamenco and 4) Greek folk dance.</p

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT, FEBRUARY 1958

The alpha activity for scintillation area measurement was estimated to be 10/sup -6/ of that for the ( alpha ,n) methcd. The UF/sub 6/ recovery during Run FBR-16 was 67.3% of the theoretical recovery for the Fluorox reaction. Hydroclones were used for collection of thoria loop slurries with recoveries exceeding 99%. Flame calcination studies were continued with thoria dispersed in methanol by oxalic acid, using graphite and zirconia reflected burners and acetyleneoxygen flame. Equations for complex ion formation in 4/-H/sub 2/O systems were solved for a few hypothetical solution compositions. A continuous Darex dissolution and stripping run was carried out for 32 hours with chloride removal in the product to 100 ppm. A nine pound section of a fuel element was completely hydrochlorinated in 24 hours with an HCI utilization of 70% and uranium losses to the ZrCl/sub 4/ sublimate of 0.07%. The specific dissolution rate for the fused salt dissolution of Zircaloy-3 was propcrtional to the logarithm of the HF feed rate. One percent of the initial ore resistant t activity and fourteen percent of the initial activity was leached by distilled water from a 900 tained C fired sinter of concentrated fission products in a mix of shale and limestone (Mix 15). (For preceding period see CF- 58-2-139.) (J.R.D.

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR JANUARY 1958

Absolute calibration of neutron yields from a polonium nitrate- fluorocarbon interface gave 8 neutrons/min, sq cm, mc/ml. In two Fluorox fluidized bed reactor runs UF/sub 6/ recoveries of 47 and 70% theoretical were attained. Washing and descaling operations for Loop P-1 have been completed. Preliminary studies of ThO/sub 2/ classification by hydroclones showed that particles as small as 0.5 micron could be classified. Continuous, self- sustaining operation of the Darex dissolver, stripper, and reflux condenser was maintained during a 48-hr period. Uranium losses to the sublimate were less than 0.1% in a 24 hr Zircex run. A 32 hr dissolution run was completed in which a fuel element fabricated of Zircaloy-3 was dissolved in a NaF-ZrF/sub 4/ fused salt. (auth

Characteristics associated with quality of life among people with drug-resistant epilepsy

Quality of Life (QoL) is the preferred outcome in non-pharmacological trials, but there is little UK population evidence of QoL in epilepsy. In advance of evaluating an epilepsy self-management course we aimed to describe, among UK participants, what clinical and psycho-social characteristics are associated with QoL. We recruited 404 adults attending specialist clinics, with at least two seizures in the prior year and measured their self-reported seizure frequency, co-morbidity, psychological distress, social characteristics, including self-mastery and stigma, and epilepsy-specific QoL (QOLIE-31-P). Mean age was 42 years, 54% were female, and 75% white. Median time since diagnosis was 18 years, and 69% experienced ≥10 seizures in the prior year. Nearly half (46%) reported additional medical or psychiatric conditions, 54% reported current anxiety and 28% reported current depression symptoms at borderline or case level, with 63% reporting felt stigma. While a maximum QOLIE-31-P score is 100, participants’ mean score was 66, with a wide range (25–99). In order of large to small magnitude: depression, low self-mastery, anxiety, felt stigma, a history of medical and psychiatric comorbidity, low self-reported medication adherence, and greater seizure frequency were associated with low QOLIE-31-P scores. Despite specialist care, UK people with epilepsy and persistent seizures experience low QoL. If QoL is the main outcome in epilepsy trials, developing and evaluating ways to reduce psychological and social disadvantage are likely to be of primary importance. Educational courses may not change QoL, but be one component supporting self-management for people with long-term conditions, like epilepsy

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1959

The measured diffusivity of uranyl nitrate in water at 25 ction prod- C was 0.7 x 10/sup -6/ cm/sup 2//sec with about 40% average deviation. A program was started to develop nonnuclear uses for depleted uranium. Two continuous DRUHM reaction runs were terminated due to erratic operation of the sodium metering system. In the second Fluorox run with crude UF/sub 4/ which lasted for 29 hr, a total material balance of 94.8% was obtained and 17.9% of the theoretical amount of UF/sub 6/ was collected in cold traps and chemical traps. Room temperature flow rate-pressure drop calibrations of a multiclone (thirteen 0.60-in. diam hydroclones in parallel) for installation with the HRT replacement circulating pump were completed. Mixed oxides of U : Th = 0.08 : 1 and all have low yield stresses of 0.02 to 0.05 lb/sq ft compared to 0.2 to 1.0 lb/sq ft for normal Th-U or Th oxides of 1.5 to 2.5 micron mean diameter. The rates of uranium anion exchange from solutions containing between 0.025 and 0.20 M sulfate were measured and apparent uranium diffusion coefficients between 1.2 x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 2//sec and 1.6 x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 2//sec were calculated. In bench scale studies, the Darex reference flowsheet was successfully applied to stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/ fuels (Yankee Atomic) and to aluminumuranium foreign reactor fuels. The corrosion of titanium A-55 was measured in the vapor and liquid phases of a modified boiling Thorex dissolvent (13 M HNO/sub 3/, 0.04 M F/sup -/, 0.1 M H/sub 3/BO/sub 3/) containing 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 M thorium from dissolved Consolidated Edison pellets and the maximum corrosion rate was 0.6 mils/ month. Siliceous filter cakes resulting from the filtration of Darex solvent extraction feed solutions through porous metal filter elements were easily washed to a uranium loss of 0.1% in the discarded cake. A run with an acid-deficient Darex-Redox feed containing soluble silica resulted in uranium losses higher by a factor of 20 than those previously obtained in the same column with a standard Redox feed. Batch leaching of sheared pieces, 1/2 in. to 5 in. long, of PWR reject UO/sub 2/ pellets clad with stainless steel, 0.40 in. o.d. with 0.10 in. wall, in boiling 10 M HNO/sub 3/ (173% excess) was completed in 70 to 245 min. Dissolution test runs of Zr-2 in fused salt made at approximately 700 ction prod- C under identical conditions except for HF feed rate resulted in dissolution rates of 1.87 and 2.68 mg/min-sq cm for 2.5 and 6.0 lb/hr HF feed rate, respectively. Purex and TBP-25 evaporated wastes were calcined at 900 to 1000 ction prod- C resulting in solid wastes which had densities of 0.77 to 0.83 and 0.40 to 0.45 g/cc, respectively. (For preceding period see CF-59-4-47.) (auth

Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report for June 1959

The addition of a surface active agent to an aqueousorganic interface produced a resistance to mass transfer equivalent to slightly more than 1 cm of water. Five semicontinuous Druhm runs were made with 1/2-in. thick MgO liners and terminated due to either failures of the UF/sub 6/ nozzle or a top gasket leak. In preliminary scale-up tests of the flame calcination equipment, a maximum feed rate equivalent to 720 g oxides/hr was achieved using a 3-in. i.d. magnesia reflector with an outside wall temperature of 1500 ction prod- C. In a test with a light water feed, 99% Cu, 25% Ni, and 0% Mn were removed from a UO/ sub 2/SO/sub 4/ solution by electrolysis with a mercury cathode in 7800 ampere hours. The effect of varying the total sulfate concentration on the kinetics of the absorption of uranyl sulfate on Dowex 21K at a uranium concentration of 0.005779 M and a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.020 M was studied in a series of runs using a stirred bath containing enriched uranium. Chloride was removed to 64 ppm in Yankee Atomic and to 70 ppm in APPR solvent extraction feeds using a reference Darex flowsheet with air sparging during a two hour reflux period in the 10-in. prototype titanium feed adjustment tank. Soluble uranium contained in a filter cake deposited onto a 20 micron porous metallic star shaped filter from approximately twenty-one liters of Darex solvent extraction feed solution was recovered to 99.9% by a single 5 liter water wash of the cake. An experimental Redox solvent extraction program was completed. Shear blade evaluation tests have begun at Birdsboro and Clearing under subcontract and will be completed by July 1. Tests were made on the separation of water associated with sheared material through porous bottom baskets as would be required in wet shearing concepts. Consolidated Edison prototype elements assembled with ductile Coast Metals 50 brazing metal could not be disassembled with the impact wedge previously successfully used to disassemble elements made up with brittle Nicrobraze 50. A reactor and condenser system designed to sublime ZrF/sub 4/ from the hydrofluorinator to a separate receiver at temperatures above 902 ction prod- C was operated at condensation rates between 150 and 500 g per hour of ZrF/sub 4/. The thermal conductivities of granular Darex, Purex, and TBP-25 calcined solids were in the range of 0.043 to 0.097 Btu/hr sq ft ( ction prod- F/ft) at room temperature. (For preceding period see CF-59-5-47.) (auth