598 research outputs found
Assessment of left ventricle dynamic from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging by means a correspondence approach
In this research, an approach to assess the heart dynamics is reported. The
cardiac magnetic resonance images are considered for assessing the left ventricle motion and
deformation. The shape of the cavity is obtained by means a segmentation procedure based
on a clustering algorithm at an initial instant. This three-dimensional structure is used to
establish a region of interest around the border of the structure. An optical flow method allows
determining the displacement vector of this region and then defining the shapes of the cavity
during the all cardiac cycle. The points of the left ventricle are followed using the displacement
vectors in the cardiac cycle, obtaining thus, a dense motion field of the cavity. This approximate
deformation field is refined with a correspondence method that working in the three-dimensional
space. The mapping of the points that define the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle obtained
with the correspondence procedure are then used for computing a set of clinical parameters that
allows assessing the motion and deformation of this principal structure of the human heart. The
torsion, radial and longitudinal contraction are quantified. The obtained results are promising
for evaluating the heart dynamics
Effects of grade retention policies: a literature review of empirical studies applying causal inference
The identification of the causal effects of grade retention policies is of enormous relevance for researchers and policymakers alike. Taking advantage of the availability of more detailed longitudinal datasets, researchers have been able to apply different identification strategies that address the classical problems of selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity that have plagued previous studies on the effect of retention. We present a systematic literature review of empirical studies aiming to unveil the causal effects of retention. This study underlines the need to consider and evaluate different kinds of grade retention polices as their effects vary depending on several dimensions (such as timing of the policy, comparison groups, length of the effects or institutional settings). According to the results of our review, we conclude that grade retention is unlikely to be an efficient policy as the costs associated to the policy can easily outweigh the potential (weak) benefits of retention. It is therefore necessary to consider alternative policies to retention, or policies that can be used in combination with it, in order to enhance the performance of low achievers, in particular those students at risk characterized by a low ability profile
La raza sayaguesa base de la marca silomaña. Actualidad y posibilidades
La utilización de los pastos de la montaña de León unido a una raza autóctona, la raza sayaguesa, para la obtención de un producto de calidad y diferenciado como es el buey. Nos ha permitido obtener un producto de unas características hasta ahora desconocidas, con un perfil de ácidos grasos mono y poliinsaturados, y unas características físico-químicas que hacen que nuestro producto puede considerarse como un “ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL”
Treinta y cinco años de investigación en gestión estratégica. Un análisis de países utilizando técnicas bibliométricas para el período 1987-2021
[EN] As a significant field of study, thirty-five years of strategic management research has accumulated a substantial amount of knowledge. This bibliometric study explores whether the unlimited flow of knowledge and the globalization of education & research in this time period, could drive away (or deter) the identification and specific interest of research in phenomena of national importance. Using bibliometric techniques and visualization of similarities (VOS) procedures of citation and co-citation analyses, this Paper explores research trends at the country level over 35 years using data from the Web of Science database. The aims are to identify: 1) the most visible and prominent actors at the country, regional, and global-level; 2) the evolution of the subjects of research into strategic management at the country, global, and supra-regional level; and 3) the evolution of journals publishing strategic management research articles by location. Findings suggest that common research subjects coexist at higher levels of aggregation, establishing the “paradigm” or general agreement about the field’s boundaries. Additionally, findings show that at the country level, rather than following a global trend, there is an enduring diversification of research agendas that bow to national and supranational factors from geographically close places.[ES] Como un campo de estudio importante, treinta y cinco años deinvestigación en gestión estratégica han acumulado una cantidad sustancial deconocimiento. Este estudio bibliométrico explora si el flujo ilimitado deconocimiento y la globalización de la educación y la investigación en esteperíodo de tiempo, podría alejar (o disuadir) la identificación y el interésespecífico de investigación de fenómenos de importancia nacional. Utilizandotécnicas bibliométricas y procedimientos de visualización de similitudes (VOS) de análisis de citas y co-citas, este documentoexplora las tendencias de investigación a nivel de país durante 35 añosutilizando datos de la base de datos Web of Science. Los objetivos se centranen identificar: 1) los actores más visibles y destacados a nivel nacional,regional y mundial; 2) la evolución de los temas de investigación de la gestiónestratégica a nivel país, global y suprarregional; y 3) la evolución de las revistas que publicanartículos de investigación de gestión estratégica por ubicación. Los hallazgossugieren que los temas de investigación comunes coexisten en niveles superioresde agregación, estableciendo el “paradigma” o acuerdo general sobre los límitesde campo de estudio. Además, los hallazgos muestran que, a nivel de países,existe una diversificación persistente de agendas de investigación, que seinclinan a estudiar eventos nacionales y supranacionales de lugaresgeográficamente cercanos, en vez de seguir una tendencia global
Uncertainty as key element in the analysis of X–ray angiography images
The X–ray angiography images are routinely used to assess the blood vessels. The
acquisition procedure considers a medical imaging system which allows obtaining views of the
vessel while the blood flows thought them. The X–ray source is influenced on the region to be
viewed and then, the projection of the all anatomical structures in the champ of view is shown
through an image intensifier. The information of the blood vessel is impacted for the other
structures. Additionally, the blood and the contrast product required in the acquisition are not
mixed homogeneously, producing artifacts in the images. Finally, the noise is also an impact
factor in the quality of the angiography images. In the coronary vessel case, the branches of the
network are superposed. In this paper, an enhancement procedure to diminish the uncertainty
associated to X–ray angiography images is reported. The relation between two versions of the
angiograms is determined using a fuzzy connector considering that this relation diminishes the
images intrinsic uncertainty. These versions correspond with images filtered with low-pass and
high-pass image filters, respectively. The technique is tested with images of the coronary and
kidney vessels. The qualitative results show a good enhanced of the angiography images
Construcción del conocimiento didáctico del contenido biológico en formación inicial de profesores
Presentamos la sistematización de los datos obtenidos a partir de los documentos que presentaron dos grupos de futuros profesores de Biología, a lo largo de un semestre, al diseñar Unidades Didácticas para la enseñanza de dos temáticas relacionadas con el auto-mantenimiento de los organismos. Analizamos los referentes de los docentes en formación acerca del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido Biológico (contemplamos 9 categorías de investigación) y los cambios de los mismos durante el proceso formativo en el que los estudiantes-profesores realizaron la propuesta
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A simple approach to forest structure classification using airborne laser scanning that can be adopted across bioregions
Reliable assessment of forest structural types (FSTs) aids sustainable forest management. We developed a methodology for the identification of FSTs using airborne laser scanning (ALS), and demonstrate its generality by applying it to forests from Boreal, Mediterranean and Atlantic biogeographical regions. First, hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA) was applied and clusters (FSTs) were determined in coniferous and deciduous forests using four forest structural variables obtained from forest inventory data – quadratic mean diameter (QMD), Gini coefficient (GC), basal area larger than mean (BALM) and density of stems (N) –. Then, classification and regression tree analysis (CART) were used to extract the empirical threshold values for discriminating those clusters. Based on the classification trees, GC and BALM were the most important variables in the identification of FSTs. Lower, medium and high values of GC and BALM characterize single storey FSTs, multi-layered FSTs and exponentially decreasing size distributions (reversed J), respectively. Within each of these main FST groups, we also identified young/mature and sparse/dense subtypes using QMD and N. Then we used similar structural predictors derived from ALS – maximum height (Max), L-coefficient of variation (Lcv), L-skewness (Lskew), and percentage of penetration (cover), – and a nearest neighbour method to predict the FSTs. We obtained a greater overall accuracy in deciduous forest (0.87) as compared to the coniferous forest (0.72). Our methodology proves the usefulness of ALS data for structural heterogeneity assessment of forests across biogeographical regions. Our simple two-tier approach to FST classification paves the way toward transnational assessments of forest structure across bioregions
Electronic structure of titanylphthalocyanine layers on Ag(111)
We have investigated the electronic structures of axially oxo functionalized titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc) on Ag(111) by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies, two-photon photoemission, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Furthermore, we use complementary data of TiOPc on graphite and planar copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on Ag(111) for a comparative analysis. Both molecules adsorb on Ag(111) in a parallel orientation to the surface, for TiOPc with an oxygen-up configuration. The interaction of nitrogen and carbon atoms with the substrate is similar for both molecules, while the bonding of the titanium atom to Ag(111) in the monolayer is found to be slightly more pronounced than in the CuPc case. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy reveals an occupation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level in monolayer thick TiOPc on Ag(111) related to the interaction of the molecules and the silver substrate. This molecule-metal interaction also causes an upward shift of the Ag(111) Shockley state that is transformed into an unoccupied interface state with energies of 0.23 and 0.33 eV for the TiOPc monolayer and bilayer, respectively, at the Brillouin zone center.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 1083 “Structure and Dynamics of Internal Interfaces”, the Spanish CSIC I-Link programm, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO (under Contract No. MAT2016-78293-C6-2-R, and Severo Ochoa No. SEV-2013-0295.), and by the Secretariat for Universities and Research, Knowledge Department of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 715). M. Paradinas thanks the Spanish Government for financial support
through PTA2014-09788-I fellowships. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer Reviewe
Electronic Structure of Titanylphthalocyanine Layers on Ag(111)
We have investigated the electronic structures of axially oxo functionalized titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc) on Ag(111) by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies, two-photon photoemission, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Furthermore, we use complementary data of TiOPc on graphite and planar copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on Ag(111) for a comparative analysis. Both molecules adsorb on Ag(111) in a parallel orientation to the surface, for TiOPc with an oxygen-up configuration. The interaction of nitrogen and carbon atoms with the substrate is similar for both molecules, while the bonding of the titanium atom to Ag(111) in the monolayer is found to be slightly more pronounced than in the CuPc case. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy reveals an occupation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level in monolayer thick TiOPc on Ag(111) related to the interaction of the molecules and the silver substrate. This molecule-metal interaction also causes an upward shift of the Ag(111) Shockley state that is transformed into an unoccupied interface state with energies of 0.23 and 0.33 eV for the TiOPc monolayer and bilayer, respectively, at the Brillouin zone center
Biomass in crop-livestock systems in the context of the livestock revolution
Mixed crop-livestock systems are the dominant source of livelihood supporting more
than 80% of people living in the developing world and producing 50% of world
cereals, around 34% of the global beef production and about 30% of global milk
production. However, mixed systems are coming under increasing pressure with their
human population predicted to increase from 1,099 million in 2000 to 1,670 million
people in 2030 and their cattle population to increase from 230 million to
317 million from 2000 to 2030. Coupled with this increase in human and livestock
populations, cereal yields have been stagnating in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the
last 40 years (in contrast to growth rates of 1.5-2% per year for the rest of the
developing world), with most increase in overall cereal production arising from
expansion of arable land. Such trends cannot be maintained as land suitable for
cropping is scarce, and additional cropland might also be more marginal and subject
to greater climatic risks. There is increasing pressure on biomass in mixed systems and
there are strong needs to find ways out of this ‘‘biomass trap’’ through increasing
overall biomass yield and fodder quality and through increasing the efficiency of
livestock production. Biomass from crop residues (CR) is used as a feed resource and
as mulch to improve crop yields. Biomass is becoming scarcer and competition for CR
is becoming more severe. This is reflected in changes of CR use from grazing to
harvesting and storage, longer distances across which CR are transported and
transacted and decreasing CR to grain ratios. The predicted increase in demand for
livestock products, the so-called livestock revolution, will further fuel feed demand and
increase the usage of CR for livestock feeding. Use of CR for mulch and conservation
agriculture demands about 2 to 3 tons of CR per hectare which is often equal to their
total yield under rain-fed conditions in the semi-arid tropics. Multidimensional crop
improvement can mitigate competition for biomass by increasing CR quantity and by
improving fodder quality. Increased CR yield will facilitate partitioning of CR between
livestock and soil improvement and improved CR fodder quality will support
intensification of livestock production where more animal sourced foods (ASF) can be
produced with less feed. It is important to realize that feed biomass requirement is very
context specific and decreases with increasing per unit animal productivit
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