Investigation on Aromaticity Index and Double-Bond Equivalent of Aromatic Compounds and Ionic Liquids for Fuel Desulphurization

Aromaticity index (AI) and double-bond equivalent (DBE) were studied to seek a simpler approach in identifying suitable ionic liquids for the desulphurization process. Manifestation of interaction mechanism by COSMO-RS and Raman spectroscopy is discussed. The findings demonstrate that AI and DBE calculations can be used to analyze and arrogate potential combination of cation and anion for fuel desulphurization purposes

Ionic Liquids Classification for Fuel Desulphurization

An analysis was applied to 35 types of ionic liquids (ILs) where three basic physical properties have been considered in predicting their relationships with fuel desulphurization performance. By mapping the original data of density versus molecular weight, it provided a quick indication of some form of relationship between these two variables based on the chemical structure of the anion in the classified ionic liquids, especially in sulphate, phosphate and cyanobased ILs. The mapping provided a quick and simple approach in estimating the potential of the ionic liquids’ performance for fuel desulphurization. Conceivably influenced from these three basic physical properties, a modest and fairly good correlation was derived through statistical approach

Characterization of Diesel-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Blend

In the present work, the outcome of Hydrogen peroxide–diesel fuel blends on the physicochemical properties and kinetic study has been studied. A various blends of diesel-hydrogen peroxide ranging from 5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), up to 15% by volume in several fuel blends were experimentally investigated and compared with standard diesel fuel. A new emulsifier has been developed for obtaining better emulsion between diesel and hydrogen peroxide. According to ASTM Standard for fuel tests, the results showed that hydrogen peroxide is capable of enhancing the diesel fuel properties. This is due to the presence of additional oxygen atom within the H2O2 molecule which can enhance the combustion process and ultimately affecting the exhaust emission. Keywords:ASTM test, diesel, hydrogen peroxide, physicochemical properties

Solubility of CO2 in Aqueous Solutions of 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol at High Pressure

Carbon dioxide is one of the major green house gases. It is removed from different streams using amine absorption process. Sterically hindered amines are suggested as good CO2 absorbers. Solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured in aqueous solutions of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) at temperatures 30 oC, 40 oC and 60 oC. The effect of pressure and temperature was studied over various concentrations of AMP. It has been found that pressure has positive effect on CO2 solubility where as solubility decreased with increasing temperature. Absorption performance of AMP increased with increasing pressure. Solubility of aqueous AMP was compared with mo-ethanolamine (MEA) and the absorption capacity of aqueous solutions of AMP was found to be better

Synthesis and Thermal Degradation Studies of Melamine Formaldehyde Resins

Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins have been synthesized at different reaction temperature and pH values. Different molar ratios of melamine and formaldehyde were used to synthesize the corresponding resins. The prepared resin samples were characterized by using molecular weight determination viscometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum percentage of solid content (69.7%) was obtained at pH 8.5 and 75°C temperature. The molecular weight of MF resin was increased with an increase of melamine monomer concentration. The highest residual weight 14.125 wt.% was obtained with sample 10

Development of membrane material for oily wastewater treatment: a review

Our world is facing continued challenges of environmental and ecological pollutions due to human and industrial activities. One of the major threats is oily wastewater mainly discharged from oil fields, refineries, automobile, palm oil industries, and many others. Membrane-based technology offers an almost complete separation of oil from water. However, the technology is facing the challenge of maintaining performance over long periods of operation caused by membrane fouling as a result of interaction between oil droplets and the membrane surface. This attracts research interest mainly on developing customized polymeric, ceramic well as a metallic-based membrane material for improved performance. This paper reviews the recent advances of membrane material developments with the focus on methods of improving the surface chemistry, structure, and hydrodynamics and their implication on the filtration performances

Oral cancer and precancer research in Malaysia - the database and tissue resource bank

Introduction: Uncoordinated data collection by different research groups prompted the initiation of Malaysian oral cancer Research Initiative (MOCRI) group. Objectives: To coordinate and standardize data and tissue collection and storage, develop a minimum dataset on risk factors, intervention techniques and quality of life of oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A computer software programme is currently being developed to accommodate multi-centre data collection and research activities in eight hospitals. The complete dataset includes parameters on sociodemographic, clinical, pathological, quality of life measures, details of treatment methods, vital status and dietary intake. Tissues are being collected, stored and catalogued as fresh and formalin-fixed tissues for future use in satellite researches. The networking in tissue and data collection includes the establishment of oral cancer cell-lines. These tissues are being planned for studies on genetic profile, genetic polymorphism, diagnostic and prognostic markers. Results: Tissues and data on 115 oral cancers, 9 leukoplakia and 13 lichen planus has been collected since 2003. Preliminary data from 2004 were analysed for 58 cancer patients. Majority of them are more than 60 years old (65.5%) with a mean age of 63.3. Twenty-four (41.4%) were males, 34 (58.6%) females with the majority of them being Indians (56.9%) followed by Chinese and Malays (15.5% each), Indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak (12.1%). Eighteen (31%) respondents were smokers, 17 (29.3%) alcohol drinkers and 31 (53.4%) betel quid chewers. Five patients have had histories of family cancers where 3 included immediate family members with head and neck cancers. For the quality of life measure, only 30.2% felt that their daily activities were disrupted despite having advanced cancers. Satellite researches are in progress on genetic polymorphism and tumour markers. One oral cancer cell-line has been established. Conclusion: The establishment of oral cancer database and tissue bank in encouraging and supports on-going satellite researches. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Neratinib in the extended adjuvant treatment of patients from Asia with early-stage HER2+ breast cancer after trastuzumab-based therapy: exploratory analyses from the phase III ExteNET trial

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