3,429 research outputs found
On the liquid drop model mass formulas and decay of the heaviest nuclei
The coefficients of different macro-microscopic Liquid Drop Model mass formulas have been determined by a least square fitting procedure to 2027 experimental atomic masses. A rms deviation of 0.54 MeV can be reached. The remaining differences come mainly from the determination of the shell and pairing energies. Extrapolations are compared to 161 new experimental masses and to 656 mass evaluations. The different fits lead to a surface energy coefficient of around 17-18 MeV. Finally, decay potential barriers are revisited and predictions of decay half-lives of still unknown superheavy elements are given from previously proposed analytical formulas and from extrapolated Q values
Relative influence of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 p5 element for recombinant AAV vector site-specific integration.
The p5 promoter region of the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) rep gene has been described as essential for Rep-mediated site-specific integration (RMSSI) of plasmid sequences in human chromosome 19. We report here that insertion of a full-length or minimal p5 element between the viral inverted terminal repeats does not significantly increase RMSSI of a recombinant AAV (rAAV) vector after infection of growth-arrested or proliferating human cells. This result suggests that the p5 element may not improve RMSSI of rAAV vectors in vivo
Solid-state NMR studies of polymer-drug interactions in pharmaceutical formulations
The development of pharmaceuticals (both drugs and their formulations) requires the
characterisation of the materials in their dispensed form. Solid-state NMR is particularly
appropriate for studies of such system as it does not require any pre-treatment which might affect
the material properties. This methodology also provides a molecular level understanding of
intra- and intermolecular bonding as well as the dynamics in pharmaceutical formulations crucial
for directing their physical properties, stability, bioavailability and release kinetics of a drug in a
composite.
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the drug-polymer interactions in
PLGAlpeptide guest systems. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polyesters are unique
biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. They are widely applied in drug delivery devices
due to their tunable physical properties. In this project, PLGAs with different lactide/glycolide
ratios were used as hosts for amino acids and peptide based pharmaceuticals. The dynamics in
the pure polymers and the effect of processing on the local dynamics were studied via analysis of
CP-kinetics, relaxation times measurements and wide-line separation (WISE). The local
dynamics characterised by solid-state NMR were correlated with the bulk properties and
composition of the materials. Different aminoacids and peptides were probed to assess the
dynamics occurring in the complex arginine containing polypeptide. Their local organisation
was derived from the analysis of crystal structures and 2D IH_13C heteronuclear correlation
(HETCOR) experiments.
In the formulations, the nature of the guest and its loading level have a significant effect
on the dynamics of the hosts as proven by the variable temperature TIpH time measurements, CPdynamics
and WISE. Whereas arginine and ARARAF have been found to increase the local
mobility in PLGA, the more complex polypeptide AZD at ca. 10% wt. tends to rigidify the
system. These effects were correlated with the bulk properties of the composites. The results
suggested a differentiation of the affinity of glycolide or lactide units towards different guests. Finally, the two crystalline forms of a non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drug
(indomethacin) undergoing polymorphism were characterised by solid-state NMR. Assignments
of the complex Be solid-state NMR spectra are presented. Amorphous solids derived from both
polymorphs were also investigated. Recrystallisation of the amorphous solid derived from the
stable y-polymorph was observed. This can be prevented by dispersing the amorphous drug into
an amorphous PVP polymer. In this situation, the organisation and H-bonding of the drug is
altered due to the interactions between the drug and the polymer
4d-inner-shell ionization of Xe+ ions and subsequent Auger decay
We have studied Xe+4d inner-shell photoionization in a direct experiment on
Xe+ ions, merging an ion and a photon beam and detecting the ejected electrons
with a cylindrical mirror analyzer. The measured 4d photoelectron spectrum is
compared to the 4d core valence double ionization spectrum of the neutral Xe
atom, obtained with a magnetic bottle spectrometer. This multicoincidence
experiment gives access to the spectroscopy of the individual Xe2+4dâ15pâ1
states and to their respective Auger decays, which are found to present a
strong selectivity. The experimental results are interpreted with the help of
ab initio calculations.1\. Auflag
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