Evaluación de la resistencia a Phytophthora capsici y Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica de tres portainjertos comerciales de pimiento

Los problemas que se plantean con Phytophthora capsici y Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica (Phytophthora parasitica) para su control, utilizando distintos procedimientos de desinfección del suelo, han motivado la evaluación de vías alternativas utilizando plantas injertadas sobre porta-injertos resistentes. Esta técnica goza de un éxito importante para el control de otros patógenos del suelo y es una técnica compatible con la producción ecológica. Por ejemplo, en el control del virus del cribado (MNSV) en melón y sandía o en el control de P. parasitica en tomate. Siguiendo esas orientaciones existen en el mercado, actualmente, patrones que se preconizan con resistencias a patógenos que, a veces, no están suficientemente evaluados. Este hecho ha motivado el trabajo que se resume en esta comunicación

CO2 y cambio climático: libro de la exposición temática itinerante

[102] p. : il. col. ; 30 cm[ES] Las concentraciones atmosféricas de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) no han dejado de aumentar desde la época preindustrial debido a las actividades humanas. La unanimidad de los científicos a la hora de interpretar las observaciones y evidencias que se están produciendo en la Tierra por este efecto es cada vez mayor, los estudios climáticos ponen de manifiesto la relación entre el cambio climático y el aumento de concentraciones de GEI. La labor de los científicos en facilitar el acceso a información relevante en materia de cambio climático contribuye notablemente a incrementar la sensibilización y la concienciación de la sociedad frente a los problemas ambientales. Un grupo de científicos del INCAR ha puesto en marcha una interesante iniciativa para acercar el conocimiento sobre el cambio climático al público, a través de una exposición itinerante que está recorriendo diversos espacios de uso público cotidiano, como son las grandes superficies comerciales. Los contenidos de esta muestra gráfica se presentan ahora en este libro acompañados de explicaciones que ayudan a la comprensión del riesgo que el calentamiento global representa para los sistemas naturales y socioeconómicos y de la importancia de las actuaciones de mitigación y adaptación frente al cambio climático. Se trata de un intento de llegar al ciudadano con un mensaje claro sobre las causas y efectos que producen los comportamientos poco sostenibles de nuestra sociedad sobre el medio ambiente y la importancia de dar una respuesta desde lo individual con un cambio en nuestros patrones de consumo, fomentando hábitos responsables, como el ahorro de energía, la utilización del transporte público, el uso responsable de recursos como el agua o la gestión adecuada de los residuos en nuestras viviendas. El papel que la educación y la sensibilización tienen para moldear actitudes, valores y conductas, facilita que las personas y los colectivos advirtamos la necesidad de cambiar nuestro estilo de vida para que éste sea compatible con la renovación natural de los recursos y con la conservación de los ecosistemas naturales y, en definitiva, con el desarrollo sostenible.Nuestro agradecimiento a los organismos regionales del Principado de Asturias, la Oficina para la Sostenibilidad, el Cambio Climático y la Participación (OSCCP) y la Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología (FICYT), así como a la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) por su apoyo económico en la edición de este libro. Asimismo, agradecemos a Cajastur la financiación de los paneles de la exposición “CO2 y Cambio Climático”. Este libro es fruto de las colaboraciones de investigadores del Instituto Nacional del Carbón de Oviedo (INCAR-CSIC), del Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats de Esporles - Mallorca (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), del Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) y del Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN). Los textos que acompañan a los paneles ilustrativos han sido cuidadosamente corregidos por los Doctores Carlos Abanades, Ángeles Gómez y Ana Arenillas, todos ellos del Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR-CSIC). El listado completo de autores y participantes se encuentra al final del libro.Peer reviewe

CO2 y Cambio Climático

Re-posted with permission from the Publishers as a PDF document as part of an Institutional Repository collection to aggregate energy policy, regulation, dialogue and educational materials. Also available freely online at: http://www.energia2012.es/materiales-didácticos/otros-materiales/co2-y-cambio-climáticoThis short guide is divided into four sections. Each one provides an explanation of climate change and how it affects the following: ecosystems; our role as global citizens; our daily habits; the problems associated with the current energy sector; possible clean energy alternatives; and the challenge of transportation

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

Characteristics, complications and outcomes among 1549 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a secondary hospital in Madrid, Spain: a retrospective case series study

Objectives To describe demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics, as well as outcomes, of patients admitted for COVID-19 in a secondary hospital.Design and setting Retrospective case series of sequentially hospitalised patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2, at Infanta Leonor University Hospital (ILUH) in Madrid, Spain.Participants All patients attended at ILUH testing positive to reverse transcriptase-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 March 2020 and 28 May 2020.Results A total of 1549 COVID-19 cases were included (median age 69 years (IQR 55.0–81.0), 57.5% men). 78.2% had at least one underlying comorbidity, the most frequent was hypertension (55.8%). Most frequent symptoms at presentation were fever (75.3%), cough (65.7%) and dyspnoea (58.1%). 81 (5.8%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (median age 62 years (IQR 51–71); 74.1% men; median length of stay 9 days (IQR 5–19)) 82.7% of them needed invasive ventilation support. 1393 patients had an outcome at the end of the study period (case fatality ratio: 21.2% (296/1393)). The independent factors associated with fatality (OR; 95% CI): age (1.07; 1.06 to 1.09), male sex (2.86; 1.85 to 4.50), neurological disease (1.93; 1.19 to 3.13), chronic kidney disease (2.83; 1.40 to 5.71) and neoplasia (4.29; 2.40 to 7.67). The percentage of hospital beds occupied with COVID-19 almost doubled (702/361), with the number of patients in ICU quadrupling its capacity (32/8). Median length of stay was 9 days (IQR 6–14).Conclusions This study provides clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a European secondary hospital. Fatal outcomes were similar to those reported by hospitals with a higher level of complexity

Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papilomavirus infection in the pre-vaccination era: a population-based study in the Canary Islands

Objective National Spanish studies show that prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the female population is increasingly frequent, with an overall estimate of 14% in women aged 18–65 years. The objective of this study is to know the prevalence and distribution of HPV types in the female population of the Canary Islands prior to the introduction of HPV vaccines and to investigate the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors.Methods Based on the Primary Health Care database, a sample of adult women (aged 18–65 years) of Gran Canaria (GC) and Tenerife (TF) stratified into nine age groups was carried out between 2002 and 2007. Women were contacted by postal letter and telephone call and were visited in their primary care centre. A clinical-epidemiological survey was completed and cervical samples were taken for cytological study and HPV detection. HPV prevalence and its 95% CI were estimated, and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with the infection.Results 6010 women participated in the study, 3847 from GC and 2163 from TF. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.6% (CI 12.8%–14.5%) and 11.1% (CI 10.3%–11.9%) for high-risk types. The most frequent HPV type was 16 followed by types 51, 53, 31, 42 and 59. HPV types included in the nonavalent vaccine were detected in 54.1% of infected women. Factors associated with an increased risk of infection were: young ages (18–29 years), the number of sexual partners throughout life, not being married, being a smoker, and having had previous cervical lesions or genital warts.Conclusions It is confirmed that prevalence of HPV infection in the female population of the Canary Islands is high, but similar to that of Spain, HPV 16 being the most frequent genotype. The determinants of infection are consistent with those of other populations

Diagnostic yield of chest and thumb ECG after cryptogenic stroke, Transient ECG Assessment in Stroke Evaluation (TEASE): an observational trial

Objective In stroke survivors, atrial fibrillation (AF) is typically evaluated solely by short-term ECG monitoring in the stroke unit. Prolonged continuous ECG monitoring or insertable cardiac monitors require substantial resources. Chest and thumb ECG could provide an alternative means of AF detection, which in turn could allow prompt anticoagulation to prevent recurrent stroke. The objective of this study was to assess the yield of newly diagnosed AF during 28 days of chest and thumb ECG monitoring two times per day in cryptogenic stroke.Methods This study, Transient ECG Assessment in Stroke Evaluation, included patients who had a stroke from Region Gävleborg, Sweden, between 2017 and 2019. Patients with a recent ischaemic stroke without documented AF (or other reasons for anticoagulation) before or during ECG evaluation in the stroke unit were evaluated using the Coala Heart Monitor connected to a smartphone application for remote monitoring.Results The prespecified number of 100 patients (mean age 67.6±10.8 years; 60% men) was analysed. In nine patients (9%, number needed to screen 11) AF but no other significant atrial arrhythmias (&gt;30 s) was diagnosed. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was similar among patients with AF and no AF (4.9±1.1 vs 4.3±1.3; p=0.224) and patients with AF were older (74.3±9.0 vs 66.9±10.8; p=0.049). Patients performed on average 90.1%±15.0% of scheduled transmissions.Conclusion In evaluation of cryptogenic stroke, 9% of patients had AF detected using chest and thumb ECG two times per day during 1 month. In many stroke survivors, this is a feasible approach and they will be potentially protected from recurrent stroke by anticoagulation treatment.Trial registration number NCT03301662