612 research outputs found
Andreev reflections on Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-delta evidence for an unusual proximity effect
We have measured Andreev reflections between an Au tip and
Y_{1-x}Ca_{x}Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7 - \delta} thin films in the in-plane orientation.
The conductance spectra are best fitted with a pair potential having the
"d_{x^{2}-y^{2}+is" symmetry. We find that the amplitude of the "is" component
is enhanced as the contact transparency is increased. This is an indication for
an unusual proximity effect that modifies the pair potential in the
superconductor near the surface with the normal metal.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Superconductivity of the spin ladder system: Are the superconducting pairing and the spin-gap formation of the same origin?
Pressure-induced superconductivity in a spin-ladder cuprate
SrCaCuO has not been studied on a microscopic level so
far although the superconductivity was already discovered in 1996. We have
improved high-pressure technique with using a large high-quality crystal, and
succeeded in studying the superconductivity using Cu nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR). We found that anomalous metallic state reflecting the
spin-ladder structure is realized and the superconductivity possesses a
s-wavelike character in the meaning that a finite gap exists in the
quasi-particle excitation: At pressure of 3.5GPa we observed two excitation
modes in the normal state from the relaxation rate . One gives rise
to an activation-type component in , and the other -linear
component linking directly with the superconductivity. This gapless mode likely
arises from free motion of holon-spinon bound states appearing by hole doping,
and the pairing of them likely causes the superconductivity.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Exact quantum states of a general time-dependent quadratic system from classical action
A generalization of driven harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and
frequency, by adding total time-derivative terms to the Lagrangian, is
considered. The generalization which gives a general quadratic Hamiltonian
system does not change the classical equation of motion. Based on the
observation by Feynman and Hibbs, the propagators (kernels) of the systems are
calculated from the classical action, in terms of solutions of the classical
equation of motion: two homogeneous and one particular solutions. The kernels
are then used to find wave functions which satisfy the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation. One of the wave functions is shown to be that of a Gaussian pure
state. In every case considered, we prove that the kernel does not depend on
the way of choosing the classical solutions, while the wave functions depend on
the choice. The generalization which gives a rather complicated quadratic
Hamiltonian is simply interpreted as acting an unitary transformation to the
driven harmonic oscillator system in the Hamiltonian formulation.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Master-equations for the study of decoherence
Different structures of master-equation used for the description of
decoherence of a microsystem interacting through collisions with a surrounding
environment are considered and compared. These results are connected to the
general expression of the generator of a quantum dynamical semigroup in
presence of translation invariance recently found by Holevo.Comment: 10 pages, latex, no figures, to appear in Int. J. Theor. Phy
The network topology of a potential energy landscape: A static scale-free network
Here we analyze the topology of the network formed by the minima and
transition states on the potential energy landscape of small clusters. We find
that this network has both a small-world and scale-free character. In contrast
to other scale-free networks, where the topology results from the dynamics of
the network growth, the potential energy landscape is a static entity.
Therefore, a fundamentally different organizing principle underlies this
behaviour: The potential energy landscape is highly heterogeneous with the
low-energy minima having large basins of attraction and acting as the
highly-connected hubs in the network.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, revtex
Test Particle in a Quantum Gas
A master equation with a Lindblad structure is derived, which describes the
interaction of a test particle with a macroscopic system and is expressed in
terms of the operator valued dynamic structure factor of the system. In the
case of a free Fermi or Bose gas the result is evaluated in the Brownian limit,
thus obtaining a single generator master equation for the description of
quantum Brownian motion in which the correction due to quantum statistics is
explicitly calculated. The friction coefficients for Boltzmann and Bose or
Fermi statistics are compared.Comment: 9 pages, revtex, no figure
Three applications of path integrals: equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects, and the temperature dependence of the rate constant of the [1,5] sigmatropic hydrogen shift in (Z)-1,3-pentadiene
Recent experiments have confirmed the importance of nuclear quantum effects
even in large biomolecules at physiological temperature. Here we describe how
the path integral formalism can be used to describe rigorously the nuclear
quantum effects on equilibrium and kinetic properties of molecules.
Specifically, we explain how path integrals can be employed to evaluate the
equilibrium (EIE) and kinetic (KIE) isotope effects, and the temperature
dependence of the rate constant. The methodology is applied to the [1,5]
sigmatropic hydrogen shift in pentadiene. Both the KIE and the temperature
dependence of the rate constant confirm the importance of tunneling and other
nuclear quantum effects as well as of the anharmonicity of the potential energy
surface. Moreover, previous results on the KIE were improved by using a
combination of a high level electronic structure calculation within the
harmonic approximation with a path integral anharmonicity correction using a
lower level method.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors
Tunneling spectroscopy played a central role in the experimental verification
of the microscopic theory of superconductivity in the classical
superconductors. Initial attempts to apply the same approach to
high-temperature superconductors were hampered by various problems related to
the complexity of these materials. The use of scanning tunneling
microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) on these compounds allowed to overcome the
main difficulties. This success motivated a rapidly growing scientific
community to apply this technique to high-temperature superconductors. This
paper reviews the experimental highlights obtained over the last decade. We
first recall the crucial efforts to gain control over the technique and to
obtain reproducible results. We then discuss how the STM/STS technique has
contributed to the study of some of the most unusual and remarkable properties
of high-temperature superconductors: the unusual large gap values and the
absence of scaling with the critical temperature; the pseudogap and its
relation to superconductivity; the unprecedented small size of the vortex cores
and its influence on vortex matter; the unexpected electronic properties of the
vortex cores; the combination of atomic resolution and spectroscopy leading to
the observation of periodic local density of states modulations in the
superconducting and pseudogap states, and in the vortex cores.Comment: To appear in RMP; 65 pages, 62 figure
A geometric approach to time evolution operators of Lie quantum systems
Lie systems in Quantum Mechanics are studied from a geometric point of view.
In particular, we develop methods to obtain time evolution operators of
time-dependent Schrodinger equations of Lie type and we show how these methods
explain certain ad hoc methods used in previous papers in order to obtain exact
solutions. Finally, several instances of time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian
are solved.Comment: Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Theoretical
Physic
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