Societas Baliarica. Una nueva compañía minera romana de Hispania

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Effect of a coordinating pyridine moiety on the SAP and TSAP isomer populations of bimodal Lanthanide (III) complexes

Paramagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (PARACEST) agents are lanthanide complexes that generate contrast through the slow-to-intermediate exchange of paramagnetically-shifted protons or water molecules. Although PARACEST agents have shown promise as molecular imaging agents, in-vivostudies have been limited due to the masking of the CEST signal by spin-relaxation exchange (T2ex) and Magnetization Transfer (MT) effects. The majority of PARACEST agents studied to date have been Ln(III)DOTA-tetraamides which can either adopt the square antiprismatic (SAP) or twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) geometries in solution. The more compact nature of the SAP isomer, combined with its slower bound-water exchange kinetics, makes it the preferred isomer for PARACEST applications that rely on water exchange as the primary contrast mechanism. We hypothesize that both the T2ex and the MT effect could simultaneously be overcome by developing complexes that preferentially adopt the TSAP geometry and induce contrast through amide proton exchange. Our current goal is to determine if a preference for TSAP geometry is consistent with ligands containing a pyridine moiety regardless of the identity of the other amide side-chains. To this end, three pyridine-containing complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The luminescent and PARACEST properties will be studied

«Los lunes al sol» o «los lunes en casa». Roles de género y vivencias del tiempo de desempleo

The analysis of interviews to unemployed people has contributed to prove that the policies aimed to increase the labour market flexibility as the consequent precarization and unemployment have had a negative impact on the willingness to obtain more symmetric social relationships between both sexes. Formal equality and changes in the models that serve men and women as a basis to plan their life and career encounter the obstacle of a social organization of employment that reinforces gender determined behaviours and aptitudes in certain groups especially vulnerable in terms of labour. This can be observed at its maximum in the different ways men and women experience the time of unemployment.A través del análisis de las entrevistas realizadas a desempleados se ha podido constatar cómo las medidas flexibilizadoras del mercado laboral, la precarización y el desempleo más frecuentes entre mujeres, han incidido de forma negativa sobre los deseos de conseguir unas relaciones sociales entre los sexos más simétricas. La igualdad formal, y los cambios en los modelos desde los que hombres y mujeres construyen sus proyectos vitales y laborales, tropiezan con una organización del empleo que, en ciertos grupos laboralmente más vulnerables, contribuye a reforzar disposiciones y comportamientos marcados por el género que tienen su máxima expresión en las vivencias cotidianas del tiempo de desempleo

Impact of Quinoline Amide Substituents on the Luminescence and PARACEST MRI properties of Bimodal Europium (III) Complexes

Lanthanide ions exhibit optical imaging properties; however, the amount of energy needed to directly excite these ions could potentially be damaging to biological tissue. To overcome this limitation, organic chromophores, such as quinolines, can be used to absorb the excited light and transfer the energy obtained to the attached lanthanide ion. This intramolecular energy transfer results in the sensitization of the lanthanide ion luminescence. The goal of this project is to assess how the amide proton position in relation to the quinoline substituent affects the sensitivity of luminescence and the optical imaging properties of Europium (III) complexes. To achieve this goal, a library of quinoline containing lanthanide complexes will be synthesized and their luminescence and PARACEST MRI properties evaluated. A quinoline substituted Europium (III) complex has been successfully synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Future plans include completion of the library of complexes as well as testing of their luminescence and PARACEST MRI characteristics

A Successful Targeted Search for Hypervelocity Stars

Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) travel with velocities so extreme that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole is their only suggested origin. Following our discovery of the first HVS, we have undertaken a dedicated survey for more HVSs in the Galactic halo and present here the resulting discovery of two new HVSs: SDSS J091301.0+305120 and SDSS J091759.5+672238, traveling with Galactic rest-frame velocities at least +558+-12 and +638+-12 km/s, respectively. Assuming the HVSs are B8 main sequence stars, they are at distances ~75 and ~55 kpc, respectively, and have travel times from the Galactic Center consistent with their lifetimes. The existence of two B8 HVSs in our 1900 deg^2 survey, combined with the Yu & Tremaine HVS rate estimates, is consistent with HVSs drawn from a standard initial mass function but inconsistent with HVS drawn from a truncated mass function like the one in the top-heavy Arches cluster. The travel times of the five currently known HVSs provide no evidence for a burst of HVSs from a major in-fall event at the Galactic Center in the last \~160 Myr.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to ApJ Letter

Exploring capability and accountability outcomes of open development for the poor and marginalized: An analysis of select literature

Open development concerns the application of digitally-enabled openness to radically change human capability and governance contexts (Davies & Edwards, 2012; Smith & Reilly, 2013; Smith, Elder, & Emdon, 2011). However, what openness means, and how it contributes to development outcomes is contested (Buskens, 2013; Singh & Gurumurthy, 2013). Furthermore, the potential of open development to support positive social transformation has not yet materialized, particularly for marginalized populations (Bentley & Chib, 2016), partly because relatively little is known regarding how transformation is enacted in the field. Likewise, two promising outcomes – the expansion of human capabilities and accountability – have not been explored in detail. This research interrogates the influence of digitally-enabled openness on transformation processes and outcomes. A purposeful sample of literature was taken to evaluate outcomes and transformation processes according to our theoretical framework, which defines seven cross-cutting dimensions essential to incorporate. We argue that these dimensions explain links between structures, processes and outcomes of open development. These links are essential to understand in the area of Community Informatics as they enable researchers and practitioners to support effective use of openness by and for poor and marginalized communities to pursue their own objectives

Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV Elite Controllers?

In most HIV-infected persons, the natural history of untreated infection is one of sustained viremia, progressive CD4 T cell depletion with resultant morbidity and mortality. The advent of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that controls HIV replication has altered this landscape dramatically. Yet a rare population of HIV-infected persons-elite controllers (EC)-can control HIV replication such that plasma levels of virus are "undetectable" without ART. The EC phenotype is heterogeneous, with some subjects durably controlling the virus-persistent elite controllers-and some eventually losing viral control-transient elite controllers. Overall, EC tend to have robust HIV-specific T cell responses and in some cases, mainly in transient elite controllers, elevated activation and inflammation indices that diminish with ART suggesting that endogenous defenses against this persistent pathogen come at the cost of heightened activation/inflammation. A limited data set suggests that cardiovascular disease risk as well as the occur-rence of other morbid events may be greater in the overall EC population than in treated HIV infection. ART in EC decreases activation indices but does not appear to increase circulating CD4 T cell numbers nor do we know if it alters clinical outcomes. Thus, it is difficult to recommend or discourage a decision to start ART in the EC population but the authors lean toward treatment particularly in those EC whose activation indices are high and those who are progressively losing circulating CD4 T cell numbers. Biomarkers that can reliably predict loss of virologic control and immune failure are needed

Route to turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

We have studied a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}Rb$ atoms under an oscillatory excitation. For a fixed frequency of excitation, we have explored how the values of amplitude and time of excitation must be combined in order to produce quantum turbulence in the condensate. Depending on the combination of these parameters different behaviors are observed in the sample. For the lowest values of time and amplitude of excitation, we observe a bending of the main axis of the cloud. Increasing the amplitude of excitation we observe an increasing number of vortices. The vortex state can evolve into the turbulent regime if the parameters of excitation are driven up to a certain set of combinations. If the value of the parameters of these combinations is exceeded, all vorticity disappears and the condensate enters into a different regime which we have identified as the granular phase. Our results are summarized in a diagram of amplitude versus time of excitation in which the different structures can be identified. We also present numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation which support our observations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure