Prospektive statistische Analyse der DMP zur Therapiewirksamkeit bei diabetischer Nephropathie

Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, die Effizienz der DMP anhand der HbA1c-Werte und dem Auftreten der Folgekomplikation diabetische Nephropathie zu untersuchen. In einer prospektiven, statistischen Untersuchung wurden alle Patienten mit Verdacht auf diabetische Nephropathie am Universitätsklinikums Münster im Beobachtungszeitraum 2006-2007. Von der Kohorte aus 331 Patienten nahmen 214 nicht an den DMP teil, 117 waren in den DMP eingeschrieben. Als Ergebnis wurde keine Verbesserung der HbA1c-Werte der DMP-Teilnehmer gegenüber den Nicht-DMP-Teilnehmern festgestellt. Der Anteil an Folgeschäden stellte sich in Relation zur Verteilung auf die untersuchte Kohorte in der DMP als signifikant ungünstiger dar. Durch den Stichprobencharakter der Erhebung, die fehlende Randomisierung und die nicht gegebene Repräsentativität der Kohorte sind die Ergebnisse nicht auf die Gesamtheit der Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland übertragbar

Short-term responses to salinity of soybean and chenopodium album grown in single and mixed-species hydroponic systems

Weeds account for losses in crop yields, and this event might be exacerbated by salinity. Therefore, we investigated the responses of Chenopodium album L. and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to salt stress, as well as interferences between species. Ten-day old plants were grown for 1 week in a single- or mixed-species set-up, either with or without 100 mM of NaCl. C. album reduced the biomass of soybean similarly to salt stress, while its growth was unaffected under any condition. C. album decreased the crop protein content when salinity was applied. This effect was ascribed to altered protein metabolism and/or N usage to produce other N metabolites, including osmolytes. The two species did not reciprocally affect the capacity to accumulate Na+, but the weed contained two-fold more Na+ in the leaves. Elevated initial K+ concentration and high K+ delivery to the shoot likely explained the better acclimation of C. album to salinity. C. album produced more phenolics and proline and exhibited greater antioxidant activity, but low lipid peroxidation, in the mixed set-up under salinity. Thus, it is possible that the weed could become more resilient to salinity when growing in a soybean field. In the long term, this might cause significant losses in soybean productivity as expected by the dramatic decline in crop protein content

Optimized Selection of Reliable and Cost-Effective Cyber-Physical System Architectures

We address the problem of synthesizing safety-critical cyber-physical system architectures to minimize a cost function while guaranteeing the desired reliability. We cast the problem as an integer linear program on a reconfigurable graph which models the architecture. Since generating symbolic probability constraints by exhaustive enumeration of failure cases on all possible graph configurations takes exponential time, we propose two algorithms to decrease the problem complexity, i.e. Integer-Linear Programming Modulo Reliability (ILP-MR) and Integer-Linear Programming with Approximate Reliability (ILP-AR). We compare the two approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness on the design of aircraft electric power system architectures

Low energy inelastic electron scattering from carbon monoxide: I. Excitation of the a³ Π, a'³ Σ ⁺ and A¹ Π electronic states

Differential scattering cross sections for electron excitation of the three lowest excited electron states of carbon monoxide are obtained experimentally using low-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy and theoretically using the R-matrix method. The incident electron energies range from near-threshold of 6.3 eV to 20 eV. Experimental scattering angles range from 20° to 120°. The normalization of the experimental cross sections is made to available experimental elastic scattering data (Gibson et al 1996 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 3197). The R-matrix calculations use three distinct close-coupling models and their results are compared to available experimental and theoretical cross sections. The overall comparison leads to significantly improved description of the excitation cross sections for this target