5,776 research outputs found
Combination of a magnetic Feshbach resonance and an optical bound-to-bound transition
We use laser light near resonant with an optical bound-to-bound transition to
shift the magnetic field at which a Feshbach resonance occurs. We operate in a
regime of large detuning and large laser intensity. This reduces the
light-induced atom-loss rate by one order of magnitude compared to our previous
experiments [D.M. Bauer et al. Nature Phys. 5, 339 (2009)]. The experiments are
performed in an optical lattice and include high-resolution spectroscopy of
excited molecular states, reported here. In addition, we give a detailed
account of a theoretical model that describes our experimental data
Advanced neuroimaging in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) comprises a disparate collection of syndromes affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. Progress in the attribution of neuropsychiatric syndromes to SLE-related mechanisms and development of targeted treatment strategies has been impeded by a lack of objective imaging biomarkers that reflect specific neuropsychiatric syndromes and/or pathologic mechanisms. The present review addresses recent publications of neuroimaging techniques in NPSLE. RECENT FINDINGS: Imaging studies grouping all NPSLE syndromes together are unable to differentiate between NPSLE and non-NPSLE. In contrast, diffusion tensor imaging, FDG-PET, resting, and functional MRI techniques in patients with stable non-NPSLE demonstrate abnormal network structural and functional connectivity and regional brain activity in multiple cortical areas involving the limbic system, hippocampus, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Some of these changes associate with impaired cognitive performance or mood disturbance, autoantibodies or inflammatory proteins. Longitudinal data suggest progression over time. DCE-MRI demonstrates increased Blood-brain barrier permeability. SUMMARY: Study design issues related to patient selection (non-NPSLE vs. NPSLE syndromes, SLE disease activity, medications) are critical for biomarker development. Regional and network structural and functional changes identified with advanced brain imaging techniques in patients with non-NPSLE may be further developed as biomarkers for cognitive and mood disorders attributable to SLE-related mechanisms
Effect of Pauli repulsion and transfer on fusion
The effect of the Pauli exclusion principle on the nucleus-nucleus bare
potential is studied using a new density-constrained extension of the
Frozen-Hartree-Fock (DCFHF) technique. The resulting potentials exhibit a
repulsion at short distance. The charge product dependence of this Pauli
repulsion is investigated. Dynamical effects are then included in the potential
with the density-constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock (DCTDHF) method. In
particular, isovector contributions to this potential are used to investigate
the role of transfer on fusion, resulting in a lowering of the inner part of
the potential for systems with positive Q-value transfer channels.Comment: Proceedings of an invited talk given at FUSION17, Hobart, Tasmania,
AU (20-24 February, 2017
Remote Entanglement between a Single Atom and a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Entanglement between stationary systems at remote locations is a key resource
for quantum networks. We report on the experimental generation of remote
entanglement between a single atom inside an optical cavity and a Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC). To produce this, a single photon is created in the
atom-cavity system, thereby generating atom-photon entanglement. The photon is
transported to the BEC and converted into a collective excitation in the BEC,
thus establishing matter-matter entanglement. After a variable delay, this
entanglement is converted into photon-photon entanglement. The matter-matter
entanglement lifetime of 100 s exceeds the photon duration by two orders
of magnitude. The total fidelity of all concatenated operations is 95%. This
hybrid system opens up promising perspectives in the field of quantum
information
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Progestins Related to Progesterone and Testosterone Elicit Divergent Human Endometrial Transcriptomes and Biofunctions.
Progestins are widely used for the treatment of gynecologic disorders and alone, or combined with an estrogen, are used as contraceptives. While their potencies, efficacies and side effects vary due to differences in structures, doses and routes of administration, little is known about their effects on the endometrial transcriptome in the presence or absence of estrogen. Herein, we assessed the transcriptome and pathways induced by progesterone (P4) and the three most commonly used synthetic progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), levonorgestrel (LNG), and norethindrone acetate (NETA), on human endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF), key players in endometrial physiology and reproductive success. While there were similar transcriptional responses, each progestin induced unique genes and biofunctions, consistent with their structural similarities to progesterone (P4 and MPA) or testosterone (LNG and NETA), involving cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Addition of estradiol (E2) to each progestin influenced the number of differentially expressed genes and biofunctions in P4 and MPA, while LNG and NETA signatures were more independent of E2. Together, these data suggest different mechanisms of action for different progestins, with progestin-specific altered signatures when combined with E2. Further investigation is warranted for a personalized approach in different gynecologic disorders, for contraception, and minimizing side effects associated with their use
Stability of twin circular tunnels in cohesive-frictional soil using the node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM)
This paper presents an upper bound limit analysis procedure using the node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM) and second order cone programming (SOCP) to evaluate the stability of twin circular tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading. At first stage, kinematically admissible displacement fields of the tunnel problems are approximated by NS-FEM using triangular elements (NS-FEM-T3). Next, commercial software Mosek is employed to deal with the optimization problems, which are formulated as second order cone. Collapse loads as well as failure mechanisms of plane strain tunnels are obtained directly by solving the optimization problems. For twin circular tunnels, the distance between centers of two parallel tunnels is the major parameter used to determine the stability. In this study, the effects of mechanical soil properties and the ratio of tunnel diameter and the depth to the tunnel stability are investigated. Numerical results are verified with those available to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method
A continuous non-linear shadowing model of columnar growth
We propose the first continuous model with long range screening (shadowing)
that described columnar growth in one space dimension, as observed in plasma
sputter deposition. It is based on a new continuous partial derivative equation
with non-linear diffusion and where the shadowing effects apply on all the
different processes.Comment: Fast Track Communicatio
Biopolymers impact on hygrothermal properties of rammed earth: from material to building scale
Three biopolymers were tested as rammed earth (RE) stabilizers, evaluating their impact on the hygrothermal behavior from material to building scale. Hygrothermal characterization included the determination of sorption isotherm, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity at different moisture content, and specific heat capacity. The hygrothermal data were used as input for the simulation at whole-building scale considering combined heat and moisture transfer. The results were evaluated by comparing heating demand, thermal comfort during summer, and the contribution of walls for passively controlling indoor humidity. The results show that hygric properties were only slightly affected by the use of stabilizers, while the thermal conductivity was 33% higher for RE stabilized with lignin, consequently increasing the heating demand at whole-building scale. All RE walls were effective in reducing temperature oscillations in summer. In the particular case of a canicular event, the indoor temperature was reduced by up to 10° compared with the outdoor value. The indoor humidity also benefited from the passive regulation by RE walls, regardless of whether a stablizer was used
Deep Memory Networks for Attitude Identification
We consider the task of identifying attitudes towards a given set of entities
from text. Conventionally, this task is decomposed into two separate subtasks:
target detection that identifies whether each entity is mentioned in the text,
either explicitly or implicitly, and polarity classification that classifies
the exact sentiment towards an identified entity (the target) into positive,
negative, or neutral.
Instead, we show that attitude identification can be solved with an
end-to-end machine learning architecture, in which the two subtasks are
interleaved by a deep memory network. In this way, signals produced in target
detection provide clues for polarity classification, and reversely, the
predicted polarity provides feedback to the identification of targets.
Moreover, the treatments for the set of targets also influence each other --
the learned representations may share the same semantics for some targets but
vary for others. The proposed deep memory network, the AttNet, outperforms
methods that do not consider the interactions between the subtasks or those
among the targets, including conventional machine learning methods and the
state-of-the-art deep learning models.Comment: Accepted to WSDM'1
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