127 research outputs found
IL10-Deficiency in CD4+ T Cells Exacerbates the IFNγ and IL17 Response During Bacteria Induced Colitis
Background/Aims: IL10 is a key inhibitor of effector T cell activation and a
mediator of intestinal homeostasis. In addition, IL10 has emerged as a key
immunoregulator during infection with various pathogens, ameliorating the
excessive T-cell responses that are responsible for much of the
immunopathology associated with the infection. Because IL10 plays an important
role in both intestinal homeostasis and infection, we studied the function of
IL10 in infection-associated intestinal inflammation. Methods: Wildtype mice
and mice deficient in CD4+ T cell-derived or regulatory T cells-derived IL10
were infected with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter (C.) rodentium and
analyzed for the specific immune response and pathogloy in the colon. Results:
We found that IL10 expression is upregulated in colonic tissue after infection
with C. rodentium, especially in CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic
cells. Whereas the deletion of IL10 in regulatory T cells had no effect on C.
rodentium induced colitis, infection of mice deficient in CD4+ T cell-derived
IL10 exhibited faster clearance of the bacterial burden but worse colitis,
crypt hyperplasia, and pathology than did WT mice. In addition, the depletion
of CD4+ T cell-derived IL10 in infected animals was accompanied by an
accelerated IFNγ and IL17 response in the colon. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude
that CD4+ T cell-derived IL10 is strongly involved in the control of C.
rodentium-induced colitis. Interference with this network could have
implications for the treatment of infection-associated intestinal
inflammation
Lower objectively measured physical activity is linked with perceived risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
Aims
Compare physical activity (PA) levels in adults with and without type 1 diabetes and identify diabetes-specific barriers to PA.
Methods
Forty-four individuals with type 1 diabetes and 77 non-diabetic controls in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study wore an accelerometer for 2 weeks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was compared by diabetes status using multiple linear regression. The Barriers to Physical Activity in Type 1 Diabetes questionnaire measured diabetes-specific barriers to PA, and the Clarke hypoglycemia awareness questionnaire measured hypoglycemia frequency.
Results
Individuals with type 1 diabetes engaged in less MVPA, fewer bouts of MVPA, and spent less time in MVPA bouts per week than individuals without diabetes (all p 0.05). The most common diabetes-specific barrier to PA was risk of hypoglycemia. Individuals with diabetes reporting barriers spent less time in MVPA bouts per week than those not reporting barriers (p = 0.047).
Conclusions
Individuals with type 1 diabetes engage in less MVPA than those without diabetes despite similar self-reported levels, with the main barrier being perceived risk of hypoglycemia. Adults with type 1 diabetes require guidance to meet current PA guidelines and reduce cardiovascular risk
Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviors among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Early onset and more advanced periodontal disease has been reported for children with diabetes. We surveyed oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among adolescents with diabetes in order to inform potential intervention strategies. Study subjects were youth (ages 12–19 years) with type 1 diabetes (N = 90) participating in a cohort study investigating determinants of periodontal disease at a regional pediatric diabetes specialty clinic. Over 90% of the youth had been instructed on how to brush and floss and had preventive dental care in the past year. However, 44% knew that periodontal disease is associated with diabetes and 32% knew that it can start in childhood with bleeding gums. Despite being at high risk for developing periodontal disease, the mean toothbrushing frequency was once per day and 42% did not floss. Significant opportunity exists for improving periodontal disease knowledge and adoption of preventive oral hygiene behaviors in adolescents with diabetes
Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over Time and Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children is increasing, resulting in higher burden of cardiovascular diseases due to diabetes mellitus–related vascular dysfunction.
Methods and Results: We examined cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and arterial parameters in 1809 youth with T1DM. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and laboratory data were collected at T1DM onset and 5 years later. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were collected with tonometry. ANOVA or chi�square tests were used to test for differences in measures of arterial parameters by CVRF. Area under the curve of CVRFs was entered in general linear models to explore determinants of accelerate vascular aging. Participants at the time of arterial measurement were 17.6±4.5 years old, 50% female, 76% non�Hispanic white, and duration of T1DM was 7.8±1.9 years. Glycemic control was poor (glycated hemoglobin, 9.1±1.8%). All arterial parameters were higher in participants with glycated hemoglobin ≥9% and pulse wave velocity was higher with lower insulin sensitivity or longer duration of diabetes mellitus. Differences in arterial parameters were found by sex, age, and presence of obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. In multivariable models, higher glycated hemoglobin, lower insulin sensitivity, body mass index, blood pressure, and lipid areas under the curve were associated with accelerated vascular aging.
Conclusions: In young people with T1DM, persistent poor glycemic control and higher levels of traditional CVRFs are independently associated with arterial aging. Improving glycemic control and interventions to lower CVRFs may prevent future cardiovascular events in young individuals with T1DM
A cross‐sectional view of the current state of treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes in the USA: enrollment data from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium Type 2 Diabetes Registry
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136377/1/pedi12377_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136377/2/pedi12377.pd
Assessing the efficacy, safety and utility of 6-month day-and-night automated closed-loop insulin delivery under free-living conditions compared with insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an open-label, multicentre, multinational, single-period, randomised, parallel group study protocol.
INTRODUCTION: Closed-loop systems titrate insulin based on sensor glucose levels, providing novel means to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia while improving glycaemic control. We will assess effectiveness of 6-month day-and-night closed-loop insulin delivery compared with usual care (conventional or sensor-augmented pump therapy) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The trial adopts an open-label, multicentre, multinational (UK and USA), randomised, single-period, parallel design. Participants (n=130) are children and adolescents (aged ≥6 and 16.7 mmol/L (300 mg/dL), area under the curve of glucose >10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), total, basal and bolus insulin dose, body mass index z-score and blood pressure. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural characteristics of participants and caregivers and their responses to the closed-loop and clinical trial will be assessed. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for closed-loop will be estimated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Cambridge South Research Ethics Committee and Jaeb Center for Health Research Institutional Review Office approved the study. The findings will be disseminated by peer-review publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02925299; Pre-results
Measures of Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study
Change in adiposity minimally affects the lipid profile in youth with recent onset type 1 diabetes
Dyslipidemia contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Weight control is commonly recommended as a treatment for dyslipidemia. However, the extent to which decreases in weight affect the lipid profile in youth with T1D is not known. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that decreases in BMI-z score (BMIz) were associated with concomitant changes in the lipid profile in youth with T1D
No association of dietary fiber intake with inflammation or arterial stiffness in youth with type 1 diabetes
To examine the association of dietary fiber intake with inflammation and arterial stiffness among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the US
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