Stratospheric constituent distributions from balloon-based limb thermal emission measurements

This research task deals with an analysis of infrared thermal emission observations of the Earth's atmosphere for determination of trace constituent distributions. Infrared limb thermal emission spectra in the 700-2000 cm(exp -1) region were obtained with a liquid nitrogen cooled Michelson interferometer-spectrometer (SIRIS) on a balloon flight launched from Palestine, Texas, at nighttime on September 15-16, 1986. An important objective of this work is to obtain simultaneously measured vertical mixing ratio profiles of O3, H2O, N2O, NO2, N2O5, HNO3 and ClONO2 and compare with measurements made with a variety of techniques by other groups as well as with photochemical model calculations. A portion of the observed spectra obtained by SIRIS from the balloon flight on September 15-16, 1986, has been analyzed with a focus on calculation of the total nighttime odd nitrogen budget from the simultaneously measured profiles of important members of the NO(sub x) family. The measurements permit first direct determination of the nighttime total odd nitrogen concentrations NO(sub y) and the partitioning of the important elements of the NO(sub x) family

Random sequential adsorption of unoriented rectangles onto a plane

Random sequential adsorption of nonoverlapping rectangles of arbitrary orientation onto a continuous plane was investigated by computer simulation. The approach to the jamming limit was found to obey Feder’s law for a wide range of rectangle aspect ratios. The coverage fraction at the jamming limit was found to depend upon the aspect ratio of the adsorbed rectangles, with a maximum in the jamming coverage occurring at aspect ratios ≊2.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70834/2/JCPSA6-91-4-2599-1.pd

Kinetics of random sequential adsorption of rectangles and line segments

Random sequential adsorption of nonoverlapping rectangles of arbitrary orientation onto a continuous plane was investigated by computer simulation. It is shown that the approach to the jamming limit of rectangles with various aspect ratios obeys the scaling law θJ−θ(τ)∼τ−1/3. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of rectangles approach those of line segments as the rectangle aspect ratio becomes large.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70816/2/JCPSA6-93-11-8270-1.pd

Students\u27 Cognitive Style and Their Ratings of Their Teacher\u27s Effectiveness

An instructor\u27s behavior may be perceived as more important or more effective by students whose cognitive style is compatible with the instructor\u27s teaching style

Provisions Relating to IETF Documents

This document specifies a padding convention for use with the AES Key Wrap algorithm specified in RFC 3394. This convention eliminates the requirement that the length of the key to be wrapped be a multiple of 64 bits, allowing a key of any practical length to be wrapped. Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright and License Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as th

Off-label Use of Recreational Cannabis: Acid Reflux in Colorado

Medical cannabis access has been shown to affect clinical health outcomes and health care spending. Unlike medical access, which requires a doctor\u27s recommendation for treatment and only applies to the limited conditions approved under the state\u27s medical cannabis program, recreational access makes cannabis available over-the-counter (OTC). This may create additional benefits through off-label cannabis use to treat unlisted conditions, such as acid reflux, which affects two out of three Americans. Using the roll out of recreational dispensaries in Colorado in 2014, we estimate the change in retailers\u27 market share of antacid medications using a difference-in-differences design. Antacid market share decreases after a dispensary enters a county by 0.85 percentage points. Decreases come from histamine receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. Decreased antacid use may occur through direct substitution for OTC antacids, through changes in dietary behaviors that reduce antacid use, or both. More work is needed to disentangle these two effects

Using Recreational Cannabis to Treat Insomnia: Evidence from Over-the-Counter Sleep Aid Sales in Colorado

This study seeks to understand whether people substitute between recreational cannabis and conventional over-the-counter (OTC) sleep medications. UPC-level grocery store scanner data in a multivariable panel regression design were used to compare the change in the monthly market share of sleep aids with varying dispensary-based recreational cannabis access (existence, sales, and count) in Colorado counties between 12/2013 and 12/2014. We measured annually-differenced market shares for sleep aids as a portion of the overall OTC medication market, thus accounting for store-level demand shifts in OTC medication markets and seasonality, and used the monthly changes in stores’ sleep aid market share to control for short-term trends. Relative to the overall OTC medication market, sleep aid market shares were growing prior to recreational cannabis availability. The trend reverses (a 236% decrease) with dispensary entry (−0.33 percentage points, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.24, p \u3c 0.01) from a mean market share growth of 0.14 ± 0.97. The magnitude of the market share decline increases as more dispensaries enter a county and with higher county-level cannabis sales. The negative associations are driven by diphenhydramine- and doxylamine-based sleep aids rather than herbal sleep aids and melatonin. These findings support survey evidence that many individuals use cannabis to treat insomnia, although sleep disturbances are not a specific qualifying condition under any U.S. state-level medical cannabis law. Investigations designed to measure the relative effectiveness and side effect profiles of conventional OTC sleep aids and cannabis-based products are urgently needed to improve treatment of sleep disturbances while minimizing potentially serious negative side effects