Cytokeratin 19 Expression Patterns of Dentigerous Cysts and Odontogenic Keratocysts

Background: Although numerous investigators have studied the pattern of keratin expression in different odontogenic cysts, the results have been variable.Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) in the epithelial lining of odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts.Materials and Methods: The epithelial layers showing expression of the epithelial marker CK 19 was determined by immunohistochemical methods in 15 tissue specimens each of histopathologically confirmed cases of dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Statistical analysis was done to compare the CK 19 expression between dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst using the Chi‑square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: All specimens of dentigerous cysts were positive for CK 19 with 20% (3/15) of the specimens showing expression only in a single layer of the epithelium, 40% (6/15) of the specimens showing expression in more than one layer but not the entire thickness of the epithelium, and the remaining 40% (6/15) showing expression throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium. In the case of odontogenic keratocysts, 40% (6/15) of the specimens were negative for CK 19, 40% (6/15) of the specimens showed expression only in a single layer of the epithelium, and 20% (3/15) of the specimens showed expression in more than one layer, but not the entire thickness of the epithelium. The observed differences in CK 19 expression by the two lesions were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The differences in CK 19 expression by these cysts may be utilized as a diagnostic tool in differentiating between these two lesions. Keywords: Dentigerous cyst, Immunohistochemistry, Keratins, Odontogenic cys

A Review of Privacy Preserving Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network

This paper represents a review of privacy preserving techniques in wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are not secure. To preserve privacy of wireless sensor network various techniques are discovered. A lot of work has been done to address challenges faced to preserve privacy of wireless sensor network. In this paper we represent a research on privacy preserving techniques used in location privacy, data privacy and network privacy. This paper should provide help for further research in privacy preservation in wireless sensor network. Keywords: Context privacy, data privacy, source location privac

On Forgotten Index of Stolarsky-3 Mean Graphs

The Forgotten index of a graph G is defined as F(G) =  over all edges  of ,where  , are the degrees of the vertices u and v in , respectively. In this paper, we introduced Forgotten index of some standard Stolarsky-3 Mean Graphs

Odd Fibonacci Stolarsky-3 Mean Labeling of Some Special Graphs

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges and an injective function  where each  is a odd Fibonacci number and the induced edge labeling  are defined byand all these edge labeling are distinct is called Odd Fibonacci Stolarsky-3 Mean Labeling. A graph which admits a Odd Fibonacci Stolarsky-3 Mean Labeling is called a Odd Fibonacci Stolarsky-3 mean graph

Analisis Profil Bobot Badan Tikus Dan Gejala Toksis Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Parang Romang (Boehmeria Virgata) Terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus): Analysis Profile of Body Weight and Toxic Symptom of Rats in the Administration of Ethanol Extract Parang Roman Leaves (Boehmeria Virgata) to Male White Rats (Rattus Novergicus)

Traditional medicine is part of the Indonesian cultural heritage whichhas been used for generations and for centuries, but in general itssafety has not been supported by adequate research. One of them is aparangromang which is empirically used by Makassar tribal healersas an antitumor. This study aims to determine theprofile Of bodyweight and toxic symptoms after 24 hours to 14 days including skinand fur changes, tremors and seizures, comaof rats in theadministration of ethanol extract parang romang. White rats weredivided randomly into 4 groups: group one was given 0.5% NaCMC,groups of two, three and four were given extract at a dose of 175 mg /KgBB, 550 mg / KgBB and 1750 mg / KgBB for 14 days, the bodyweights of rats on days 0, 7 and 14 days and toxic symptoms after 24hours to 14 days.The results showed ethanol extract of parangromang leaves 550 mg / KgBB had an effect on increasing bodyweight of rats and there were no changes in skin and fur, spasms,tremor, coma and death. It can be concluded that the ethanol extractof parang romang leaves has a significant effect on increasing theweight profile of male white rats and there are no toxic symptoms

Increased burn healing time is associated with higher Vancouver Scar Scale score

Increased burn wound healing time has been shown to influence abnormal scarring. This study hypothesized that scar severity increases commensurate to the increase in time to healing (TTH) of the wound. Wound healing and scar data from burn patients treated by the Burn Service of Western Australia at Royal Perth Hospital were examined. The relationship between TTH and scar severity, as assessed by the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), was modelled using regression analysis. Interaction terms evaluated the effect of surgery and total body surface area – burn (TBSA) on the main relationship. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to account for potential bias from missing independent variable data. The sample had a median age of 34 years, TTH of 24 days, TBSA of 3% and length of stay of five days, 70% were men and 71% had burn surgery. For each additional day of TTH, the mVSS score increased by 0.11 points (P ⩽ 0.001) per day in the first 21 days and 0.02 points per day thereafter (P = 0.004). The relationship remained stable in spite of TBSA or surgical intervention. Investigation of the effect of missing data revealed the primary model underestimated the strength of the association. An increase in TTH within 21 days of injury is associated with an increase in mVSS or reduced scar quality. The results confirm that efforts should be directed toward healing burn wounds as early as possible

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of liposome encapsulated HVR1 and NS3 regions of genotype 3 HCV, either singly or in combination

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis C virus displays a high rate of mutation and exists as a quasispecies in infected patients. In the absence of an effective universal vaccine, genotype-specific vaccine development represents an alternative. We have attempted to develop a genotype 3 based, liposome encapsulated HCV vaccine with hypervariable region-1 (HVR1) and non-structural region-3 (NS3) components.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HCV RNA extracted from serum samples of 49 chronically infected patients was PCR amplified to obtain HVR1 region. These amplified products were cloned to obtain 20 clones per sample in order to identify the quasispecies pattern. The HVR1 consensus sequence, along with three variants was reverse transcribed to obtain peptides. The peptides were checked for immunoreactivity individually, as a pool or as a single peptide tetramer interspersed with four glycine residues. Anti-HCV positivity varied from 42.6% (tetramer) to 92.2% (variant-4) when 115 anti-HCV positive sera representing genotypes 1, 3, 4 and 6 were screened. All the 95 anti-HCV negatives were scored negative by all antigens. Mice were immunized with different liposome encapsulated or Al(OH)₃adjuvanted formulations of HVR1 variants and recombinant NS3 protein, and monitored for anti-HVR1 and anti-NS3 antibody titres, IgG isotypes and antigen specific cytokine levels. A balanced Th1/Th2 isotyping response with high antibody titres was observed in most of the liposome encapsulated antigen groups. The effect of liposomes and aluminium hydroxide on the expression of immune response genes was studied using Taqman Low Density Array. Both Th1 (IFN-gamma, Il18) and Th2 (Il4) genes were up regulated in the liposome encapsulated HVR1 variant pool-NS3 combination group. In-vitro binding of the virus to anti-HVR1 antibodies was demonstrated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The optimum immunogen was identified to be combination of peptides of HVR1 consensus sequence and its variants along with pNS3 encapsulated in liposomes, which could generate both cellular and humoral immune responses in mice deserving further evaluation in a suitable cell culture system/non-human primate model.</p

Reviewing effectivity in security approaches towards strengthening internet architecture

The usage of existing Internet architecture is shrouded by various security loopholes and hence is highly ineffective towards resisting potential threats over internet. Hence, it is claimed that future internet architecture has been evolved as a solution to address this security gaps of existing internet architecture. Therefore, this paper initiates its discussion by reviewing the existing practices of web security in conventional internet architecture and has also discussed about some recent solutions towards mitigating potentially reported threats e.g. cross-site scripting, SQL inject, and distributed denial-of-service. The paper has also discussed some of the recent research contribution towards security solution considering future internet architecture. The proposed manuscripts contributes to showcase the true effectiveness of existing approaches with respect to advantages and limitation of existing approaches along with explicit highlights of existing research problems that requires immediate attention