ANALYTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF RAJATA BHASMA

Bhasma Kalpana is a unique part of Ayurvedic Rasa shastra. It is a method of converting metals into metallic Bhasma. Metallic Bhasmas are well known for its quick effectiveness, smaller dose and a long shelf life. However if these Bhasmas are not well prepared and analyzed they can be toxic to human body. Therefore Bhasma Pariksha is given in Ayurveda to confirm the well prepared metallic Bhasma, but in this era we need to analyze the Bhasmas on modern parameters too to make it acceptable globally. So in this study prepared Rajata (Silver) Bhasma is analyzed on various parameters i.e. Ayuvedic parameters i.e., Varitaratwa, Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshantwa and Laghutwa and some modern parameters like, pH, Particle size, Zeta Potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy (FTIR), U V – Spectroscopy. Results: pH value is 5.6, UV- spectroscopy showed maximum absorption at 302nm, FT-IR of Rajata bhasma reveals the presence of C-H (alkyl), C-N (Aliphatic amine) groups at different wavelengths, Mean Particle size of Rajata bhasma is 2.7nm, Zeta Potential analysis reveals -19.3 mV, X-RD of Rajata bhasma reaveals the major peaks of HgS (Cinnabar), Ag2S (Silver Sulphide), SEM analysis of Rajata bhasma showed small crystalline particles at 5KX & 10KX magnifications, EDX analysis of Rajata bhasma confirmed the presence of elements viz., Sulphur 20.34%, Oxygen 7.43%, Silver 26.72%, Mercury 45.51% by weight

INSIGHT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA LEAVES ON HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY UNDER STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: The methanolic leaf extract of Ventilago maderaspatana (MEVML, 200 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was investigate to hepatoprotective activity under streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w.) diabetic (Di) rats. Methods: In the present study, we determined the blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels in normal, Di, Di treated with MEVML and positive control rats. Results: The Di rats shown adverse changes in blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels when compared to other group rats. Reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters when treated the Di rats with MEVML Conclusion: The MEVML shown anti-diabetic activity and reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters in liver so that the MEVML supported the traditional claim of the hepatoprotective activity under Di condition

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THALASSEMIA IN SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Thalassemia syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by inherited mutations that decrease the synthesis of adult haemoglobin, Hb-A [alpha2 beta2]. Depending on whether the genetic defect or deletion lies in transmission of alpha or beta globin chain genes, thalassemia are classified in to Alpha and Beta Thalassemia. Materials and methods: A Retrospective study was carried out in RIMS Kadapa for two months. Patient demographic details, type of thalassemia, prevalence of thalassemia, Hb levels, known & new cases were collected. Results: A total of 139 cases were diagnosed as having thalassemia in between February 2017 – March 2017. Among which 55 cases were seen in between 11-15 years followed by 6-10 years [38cases] later 0-5 years [38 cases] , 16-20 years [2 cases] 31-35 years[1case]. Highest number of cases was observed in males [91 cases] than females [48]. In our study we couldn't identify type of thalassemia in 122 cases as it was not written in the case sheets. Conclusion: There is a urgent need for making the people aware of this threatening disease Thalassemia, as this disease increasing day by day in the population silently. Health education programmers in the society may reduce the burden of the disease. Moreover, the complications of Thalassemia are one of the major problem on which one has to focus. Diagnosis of Thalassemia, treatment in the early phase may reduce the economic burden and complications in the society. Key words: Alpha thalassemia, Beta thalassemia, RBC destruction, Anemia

CITRUS YELLOW MOSAIC: A TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUS OF CITRUS SPIECES IN INDIA

The yellow mosaic disease of citrus is one of the important diseases causing heavy losses in citrus industry. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze certain studies on host range and transmission in citrus yellow mosaic virus infecting Rangapur lime, sweet orange and acid lime. The virus disease of citrus was recognized by mosaic symptoms were noticed in sweet orange, Rangapur lime and acid lime plants. Systemically infected Rangapur lime, sweet orange and acid lime leaves showing characteristic yellow mosaic were collected from AICRP on Tropical Fruits (Citrus), Tirupati. During the present investigations major efforts were made on characterization of CYMV and following information have been generated. The virus under study has a narrow host range. Mechanically sap transmissible from rangpur lime to rangpur lime, sweet orange and acid lime among the citrus hosts and to Canna indica, maize and sorghum in non-citrus hosts. Pure cultures of the virus were developed by sap transmission and there have been used in experiments. The virus culture was maintained on citrus plants. Studies on graft transmission indicated that T-budding (65.56%) and back patch (61.7%) were the best in per cent transmission than leaf patch (42.5%) grafting. The CYMV transmission from sweet orange to sweet orange and Rangapur lime; Rangapur lime to sweet orange and Rangapur lime; and acid lime to acid lime was found better. The transmission of CYMV was very low when it was from acid lime to sweet orange and rangpur lime and vice versa. The citrus mosaic virus was also transmitted by mealy bug, Planococcus citri after 48h acquisition feeding and 4 days inoculation feeding

Organic Farming: The New Success Mantra for Sustainable Agriculture

Organic farming avoids investment in costly chemicals and pesticides. Mrs Neerukonda Satyanarayana adopted organic farming from the year 2015-16. He attended various trainings organized by the Department of Agriculture and Krishi vigyan Kendra, Venkataramannagudem. After that he prepared 14 types of organic inputs, bio fertilizers, bio pesticides on his farm. Banana, Papaya, Vegetables (Brinjal, Tomato, chilli and Spine gourd) and Black gram crops were cultivated in 10 acres area by using the organic inputs. He got a net income of Rs.3 lakhs /ac from Vegetable cultivation. In the case of bananas, he got  1.5 lakhs /ac net income. For Black gram, Rs. 35000/ac net income, and for papaya, 1.5 lakhs

Ocimum sanctum: a review on the pharmacological properties

Herbal medicine, the backbone of traditional medicine in many countries have played an important role in curing the diseases of humans since ancient time. Medicinal plants are great source of bioactive compounds and chemical structures that have potential beneficial effects. The present review compiles information on ethnopharmacologically useful information and pharmacological properties of Ocimum sanctum. Ocimum sanctum (OS) has many medicinal properties like antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and other. The phytochemicals compounds of Ocimum, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, essential oils, tannins and saponins play an important role in herbal medicine. Bioactive compounds of Ocimum responsible for its various medicinal properties and their effects at the molecular level need to be investigated in more detail. Furthermore, pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds in Ocimum sanctum are required to confirm the ethnomedicinal claims of Ocimum sanctum for pharmaceutical therapeutic applications

Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Trametes Versicolor Polyporus

Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution was studied using abundantly available trametes versicolor polyporus fungi as biosorbing medium under equilibrium and column flow conditions. Various sorption parameters such as contact time, effect of pH, concentration of Cr(VI) and amount of biomass on the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent were studied. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and the model parameters are evaluated. In addition, the data were used to predict the kinetics of adsorption. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on fungi followed second order kinetics. The column flow adsorption data were used to predict break through curves. The fungi loaded with Cr(VI) was regenerated with 0.1 M NaOH solution and the regenerated biomass was used in the subsequent adsorptiondesorption cycles. The experimental results demonstrated that the trametes versicolor polyporus fungi could be used as sorbent for immobilizing Cr(VI)

Fertility problems in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with high prevalence. It is a leading cause of infertility in women; this draws an attention to this issue. In this study we aimed to know the prevalence, clinical features, fertility problems and management of PCOS.  Methods: In this prospective observational study, women who consulted Obstetrics & Gynaecology department were screened to identify the PCOS problems through clinical histories, PCOS questionnaire and ultrasonography over a period of 6 months at Rajiv Gandhi institute of medical sciences (RIMS) in Kadapa, India. Patients diagnosed with PCOS were assessed for their clinical manifestations, severity, life style and treatment given, and were educated accordingly through patient counselling and leaflets.Results: We observed 6.39 % prevalence out of 970 women. 59 (95.1%) patients were complained irregular menstrual cycles. Infertility was significantly high in PCOS women i.e. 13.35%. 64.4% of PCOS patients had miscarriages.Conclusions: PCOS is a complex condition with high prevalence of fertility problems, needing due attention. There is need to create attentiveness towards this issue. Early diagnosis and proper management with appropriate medicines and lifestyle modifications will improve the condition and prevents complications.

Dimensionality Reduction in Animal Movement Data Using Linear Algebra and Machine Learning

Animal movement data, often collected through GPS tracking, is inherently high-dimensional and complex, posing challenges for analysis and interpretation. Dimensionality reduction techniques, leveraging linear algebra and machine learning, offer powerful tools for extracting meaningful patterns and insights from this data. This paper explores various dimensionality reduction methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and autoencoders. We discuss their strengths, limitations, and suitability for different research questions in animal movement ecology, such as identifying behavioral states, analyzing migratory patterns, and understanding environmental influences. A case study highlighting the use of PCA to analyze bird migration illustrates the practical application of these techniques. This paper emphasizes the importance of dimensionality reduction in transforming complex movement data into a tractable form, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of animal behavior and ecology

Possibility of NiCuZn Ferrites Composition for Stress Sensor Applications

NiCuZn ferrite with composition of (NCu0.10Zn0.60F) (where , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) was prepared by the conventional ceramic double sintering technique. The formation of single phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The microstructural features were also studied by electronic microscopy and are reported. Initial permeability measurements on these samples were carried out in the temperature range of 30 to 300°C. The effect of external applied stress on the open magnetic circuit type coil with these ferrite cores was studied by applying uniaxial compressive stress parallel to the magnetizing direction and the change in the inductance was measured. The variation of inductance (ΔL/L)% increases up to certain applied compressive stress and there after it decreases, showing different stress sensitivities for different compositions of ferrites studied in the present work. The variation of ratio of inductance (ΔL/L)% with external applied compressive stress was examined. These results show that the Ni0.42Cu0.10Zn0.60Fe1.76O3.76 and Ni0.44Cu0.10Zn0.60Fe1.72O3.72 samples are found to be suitable for inductive stress sensor applications.</jats:p