Risk identification and assessment in production of meat product packaging

Production of convenient and inexpensive packaging materials is increasing due to the constant growth of consumer demand for safer food products. The paper examines the questions dedicated to the development and introduction of the safety and quality management system in enterprises producing packaging for the meat industry. The authors analyze the elements of safety and quality management for polypropylene packaging in a form of a tray, which is a final element of the united chain in production of whole-piece meat semi-finished products. The investigations were carried out in the operating enterprise in the Moscow region. Hazardous factors in production of polypropylene packaging were identified, risk analysis with assessment of the probability of emergence and realization of hazardous factors was carried out, a Pareto chart was built, unacceptable risks were determined, critical control points (CCP) were revealed, preventive and corrective measures were developed with account for the established critical limits and requirements for CCP monitoring were formulated. All stages of production process were subjected to risk analysis; the severity of consequences from hazardous factor realization and the probability of such realization were assessed by experts for each of these stages. It was established that “injection molding and chilling in a press-mold” is a CCT as there is a risk of increasing the maximum allowable concentrations of chemical substances and compounds (formaldehyde, ethyl acetate, alcohols and others) as a chemical factor with the severity of consequences of 3 and the probability of realization of 3. Using the Pareto chart, causes that had the highest effects on safety and quality of polypropylene packaging were grouped. It was established that nonobservance of preventive maintenance schedule for equipment and, as a consequence, possible equipment failure (80%) influenced to the higher degree the realization of chemical hazardous factor

APPROACHES TO MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF ASTHMATIC STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

This article discusses the socially significant relationship between sports and a disease such as asthma.Many students and young people with asthma don’tthink about how this disease is associated with physical education, because sports can both improve the course of the disease and worsen it.Asthmatics are people who aren’tdifferent from the multimillion population of the planet, they are also committed to the social orientation of life, and therefore need sports.В данной статье рассмотрена социально значимая взаимосвязь спорта и такого заболевания как астма. Многие учащиеся и молодые люди, страдающие астмой, не задумываются как это заболевание связано с физической культурой, ведь спорт может как улучшить течение болезни, так и ухудшить его. Астматики –люди, ничем не отличающиеся от многомиллионного населения планеты, они также привержены социальной направленности жизни, а потому нуждаются в занятиях спортом

Моделирование оценки потребности региона в контейнерных перевозках

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to development of a model for substantiating a region’s need for containerization of cargo transportation. The model includes two interrelated elements: a method for substantiating container suitability for cargoes and an imitation algorithm for planning of the region’s need for containerization. The planning of the need for containerization links the demand of enterprises for transportation (taking into account the levels of product container suitability) and the available resources of the container transport system (terminals, container fleet, rolling stock). Further development of the model assumes assessment of costs and benefits of the region from development of the container system. Verification of the simulation model at the example of Sverdlovsk region demonstrates its efficiency and adequacy of reality. Keywords: container transportation, containerization, container suitability of cargo, social and economic system of the region, development of the region, resources, simulation model, organization of interaction.Полный текст на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Статья посвящена разработке модели обоснования потребности региона в контейнеризации грузовых перевозок. Модель включает два взаимосвязанных элемента: методику обоснования контейнеропригодности грузов региона и имитационный алгоритм планирования потребности региона в контейнеризации. Планирование потребности в контейнеризации увязывает спрос предприятий на перевозки (с учётом уровней контейнеропригодности продукции) и имеющиеся ресурсы контейнерной транспортной системы (терминалы, контейнерный парк, подвижной состав). Дальнейшее развитие модели предполагает оценку затрат и выгод региона от развития контейнерной системы. Верификация имитационной модели на примере Свердловской области демонстрирует её работоспособность и адекватность действительности

Haematopoietic chimerism expressivity in bovine heterosexual twins

The aim of the experiment was to study the haematopoietic chimerism in bovine heterosexual twins conceived through artificial insemination and post-embryo transfer. Both animal groups were revealed to have a wide individual range of variability for the expressivity of chimerism that varied from 0 to 96% of cells with the chromosomes of an opposite sex. The study also revealed the tendency towards increased frequency of cytogenetic anomalies in immigrant cells

Immunogenic and Protective Features of the Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Strain Expressing Cassette of Genes of Marburg Virus Structural Proteins

The aim of the study was to create a highly immunogenic vaccine construct based on a recombinant variant of a replication-defective MVA strain of vaccinia virus, expressing virus-like particles that mimic natural infection with Marburg virus. Materials and methods. The recombinant virus was obtained through recombination between homologous viral DNA sequences and the insertion plasmid pDel2-GP-VP-Pat which carries transgenes of the structural proteins GP and VP40 of Marburg virus, flanked by fragments of MVA strain genome. Structure of the recombinant virus was confirmed in PCR and using sequencing, transgenes expression was analyzed by Western blotting, viruslike particles formation was recorded using electron microscopy. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protectivity was carried out using a guinea pig model. The antibody titer was determined in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess T-cell response, the intracellular staining of cytokines was used, followed by analysis of samples on a flow cytometer. Results and discussion. On the basis of highly attenuated MVA strain of vaccinia virus a recombinant variant MVA-GP-VP40-MARV has been constructed, carrying a cassette of transgenes, GP and VP40, of Marburg virus in the region of deletion II of the genome. The expression of transgenes in MVA-permissive CER cells infected with recombinant MVA-GP-VP40-MARV strain and secretion of GP and VP40 proteins into culture medium have been demonstrated. Electron microscopy analysis has revealed the presence of Marburg virus-like particles in the culture medium of cells 12 hours after infection. Double vaccination of guinea pigs with MVA-GP-VP40-MARV strain at a dose of 108 PFU/animal induced the formation of antibodies to Marburg and vaccinia viruses, as well as 100 % protection against lethal Marburg virus infection (50 LD50). Using original TEpredict software, the structure of T-helper epitopes of GP protein has been predicted. Using the ICS method, the biological activity of these epitopes has been experimentally confirmed and it was shown that they provide the induction of a T-cell immune response as part of the MVA-GP-VP40-MARV vaccine construct

ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС ЛАКТИРУЮЩИХ ГОЛШТИНСКИХ КОРОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СИБИРИ

The authors found out the differentiation of animals according to hematological and biochemical indicators in the herd ofHolsteincows in spring and summer. Variability of characteristics varied from 7.6 to 36.9%; it was the lowest one according to the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobulin and blood serum crude protein. All the indicators varied more in autumn whereas quantitative characteristics of hematological status didn’t vary significantly in autumn except the growing number of erythrocytes. The authors observed the following tendency in respect to biochemical indicators of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The authors found out that slight reducing of features variability in autumn, the concentration of total protein and glucose in blood serum rose. That was explained by seasonal peculiarities of animal feeding. Population analysis found out the features that mostly have deviations from the norm. About 93% of animals had lower concentration hemoglobin in spring and about 84% of cows had lower number of erythrocytes. The authors observed higher concentration of cholesterol in half herd of cows in spring and autumn. Favourable changes in concentration of total protein occurred in autumn. The most part of animals had less active glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in all the seasons of the year. In spring glutamyl pyruvic transaminase, effect and alkaline phosphatase effect was stringer effect was stronger and exceeded the norm in 57 and 20% of animals. The analysis of hematological and biochemical indicators has shown that their level and variation in blood depends on a season at different degrees. This occurs due to feeding factors and overall health. The issue on parameters of physiological status and their confirmation to the standards must be clarified depending upon a breed, productivity and physiological statusВ стаде голштинских коров выявлена дифференциация животных по гематологическим и биохимическим характеристикам крови в весенний и осенний периоды. Изменчивость признаков варьировала от 7,6 до 36,9% и была наименьшей по количеству эритроцитов, гемоглобина, общего белка сыворотки крови. Практически по всем гематологическим показателям коэффициент вариации возрастал в осенний период. В то же время среди количественных характеристик гематологического статуса достоверных сезонных изменений, за исключением роста содержания эритроцитов в осенний период, не выявлено. В отношении биохимических показателей, характеризующих белковый, жировой и углеводный обмен, наблюдалась следующая тенденция. При некотором снижении вариабельности признаков в осенний период отмечен достоверный рост содержания общего белка и глюкозы в сыворотке крови, что, очевидно, связано с сезонными особенностями кормления животных. Популяционный анализ позволил установить признаки, по которым наиболее часто наблюдаются отклонения от границ нормы. Отмечено, что до 93% животных имели содержание гемоглобина в весенний период ниже показателей, приведенных другими авторами. В этот же сезон почти у 84% коров был снижен уровень эритроцитов. Отмечено превышение количества холестерина у половины коров и в осенний, и в весенний период. Благоприятные изменения произошли в осенний период по содержанию общего белка. Большинство животных характеризовались пониженной активностью аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ) во все сезоны года. В весенний сезон активность аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ) и щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) была выше нормы соответственно у 57 и 20% особей. Таким образом, анализ гематологических и биохимических показателей показал, что их уровень и изменчивость в крови лактирующих коров в разной степени подвержены сезонным колебаниям. Очевидной причиной этого могут быть кормовые факторы и общее состояние организма, в связи с чем необходимо обратить внимание на обеспечение стабильности технологии. Вопрос о соответствии параметров физиологического статуса нормам требует уточнения в зависимости от породы, продуктивности и физиологического состояния животных

Содержание меди в паренхиматоозных органах свиней породы ландрас

Results of the evaluation of copper levels in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen of Landrace pigs are presented. Studies were performed on clinically healthy six-month-old animals bred in a large pig farm in Altai Krai. Animal housing conditions were standard, typical for meat-fattening feeding was used. The authors performed an elemental analysis of samples of parenchymal organs using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the RStudio data analysis environment version 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). It was found that the distribution in the case of copper accumulation in the kidneys and lungs was different from usual, and the dispersions were not homogeneous. Based on the mean value and median, the authors established an increasing ranked series of the copper content in the organs: spleen < lungs < kidneys < liver, in numerical terms: 1: 1.1: 6.4: 7.5. Median copper values in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen were 6.25; 5.02; 0.88; and 0.83 mg/ kg, respectively. More excellent uniformity is characteristic of copper accumulation in the lungs and spleen. Using the Kraskell-Wallis criterion, we found that the collection of copper varies significantly in the organs under study (H = 80.03, df = 3, p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences for pairs: “liver - lungs” (p < 0.0001), “kidneys - lungs” (p < 0.0001), “liver - spleen” (p < 0.0001), “kidneys - spleen” (p < 0.0001). Cluster analysis revealed two groups: “lungs - spleen” and “liver - kidneys,” which differ significantly in the level of copper accumulation. The data obtained can be used to calculate the corresponding standard values of the copper content in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen of Landrace pigs under the conditions of Western Siberia.Приведены результаты оценки уровня меди в печени, почках, легких и селезенке свиней ландрасской породы. Исследования выполнены на клинически здоровых шестимесячных животных, выращенных в крупном свиноводческом хозяйстве Алтайского края. Условия содержания животных соответствовали стандартным, использовалось типовое для мясного откорма кормление. Элементный анализ проб паренхиматозных органов выполнялся с помощью атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии с пламенной и электротермической атомизацией. Обработку данных проводили с использованием Microsoft Office Excel и языка программирования R в среде анализа данных RStudio версии 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). Установлено, что распределение в случае аккумуляции меди в почках и легких отличалось от нормального, дисперсии не гомогенны. На основании среднего значения и медианы установлен возрастающий ранжированный ряд содержания меди в органах: селезенка < легкие < почки < печень, в числовом выражении: 1 : 1,1 : 6,4 : 7,5. Показатели меди, охарактеризованные медианой, в печени, почках, легких и селезенки составили соответственно 6,25; 5,02; 0,88 и 0,83 мг/кг. Большая однородность характерна для аккумуляции меди в легких и селезенке. С помощью критерия Краскела-Уоллиса установлено, что аккумуляция меди значимо различается в исследуемых органах (H = 80,03, df = 3, p < 0,0001). Попарное сравнение продемонстрировало значимые отличия для пар: «печень – легкие» (p < 0,0001), «почки – легкие» (p < 0,0001), «печень – селезенка» (p < 0,0001), «почки – селезенка» (p < 0,0001). Кластерный анализ выявил две группы: «легкие – селезенка» и «печень – почки», значимо отличающиеся уровнем аккумуляции меди. Полученные данные могут использоваться для расчета соответствующих нормативных показателей содержания меди в печени, почках, легких и селезенке свиней ландрасской породы в условиях Западной Сибири

Amyloid-Mediated Sequestration of Essential Proteins Contributes to Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity in Yeast

BACKGROUND: Polyglutamine expansion is responsible for several neurodegenerative disorders, among which Huntington disease is the most well-known. Studies in the yeast model demonstrated that both aggregation and toxicity of a huntingtin (htt) protein with an expanded polyglutamine region strictly depend on the presence of the prion form of Rnq1 protein ([PIN+]), which has a glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we showed that aggregation and toxicity of mutant htt depended on [PIN+] only quantitatively: the presence of [PIN+] elevated the toxicity and the levels of htt detergent-insoluble polymers. In cells lacking [PIN+], toxicity of mutant htt was due to the polymerization and inactivation of the essential glutamine/asparagine-rich Sup35 protein and related inactivation of another essential protein, Sup45, most probably via its sequestration into Sup35 aggregates. However, inhibition of growth of [PIN+] cells depended on Sup35/Sup45 depletion only partially, suggesting that there are other sources of mutant htt toxicity in yeast. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that induced polymerization of essential glutamine/asparagine-rich proteins and related sequestration of other proteins which interact with these polymers represent an essential source of htt toxicity