La production de thébaïne, codéine et morphine à partir du genre Papaver

International audienc

Variability of potato virus Y in potato crops in France

International audienc

Choix de methodes d'inoculation de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pour l'evaluation de la resistance du colza

International audienc

Study of varietal susceptibility to potato tuber necrosis ringspot disease under field conditions in France

International audienc

Apport de la lutte genetique dans le controle des maladies du colza.

National audienc

Caractérisation des populations de Leptosphaeria maculans vis-à-vis de la résistance des moutardes

National audienc

Brazilian Potato virus Y isolates identified as members of a new clade facilitate the reconstruction of evolutionary traits within this species

[EN] Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus distributed worldwide that causes damage to several species of the Solanaceae family. It was established long ago that groups of PVY isolates defined by phylogenetic analyses correlate strongly with those demarcated by differential biological properties. Consequently, life-history traits of this viral species can be inferred by phylogenetic analysis. In this study, characteristics of PVY isolates sampled in different tobacco fields in Brazil were analysed and most of the tested Brazilian PVY isolates were assigned to the recently described unconventional serogroup Y-U. The analysis of molecular diversity of the coat protein (CP) cistron from some Y-U isolates made it possible (i) to identify specific amino acid residues in the N-terminal of the CP protein and (ii) to assign some Y-U isolates to a new PVY clade. The symptoms caused by isolates belonging to this new PVY Brazilian' clade and their ability to infect selected susceptible hosts led to the conclusion that neither veinal necrosis symptoms expressed on infected tobacco plants nor adaptation to potato or pepper hosts are ancestral characteristics of PVY. These observations suggest that PVY has gained a remarkable new biological property and broadened its host range over time.The authors wish to thank Claudir Lorencetti (Alliance One from Brazil) who kindly supplied tobacco PVY isolates. Transfer of materials from Brazil to France was carried out using an official letter of authorization 'LOA' delivered to L. Glais (INRA Rennes/FNPPPT Paris) by plant protection organizations. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Alain Palloix (INRA, Avignon) who kindly provided pepper seeds for the host range study and Maryse Guillet (FN3PT, Le Rheu) who kindly provided serum for PVY DAS-ELISA. A. W. and S. F. E. were supported by grants BFU2012-30805 from Spanish MINECO and 22371 from the John Templeton Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. J. M. C. was supported by the JAE-Doc program from CSIC. This study was supported by The Imperial Tobaccos Group and the Association for Research on Nicotianae (ARN).Janzac, B.; Wilemsem, A.; Cuevas, JM.; Glais, L.; Tribodet, M.; Verrier, J.; Elena Fito, SF.... (2015). Brazilian Potato virus Y isolates identified as members of a new clade facilitate the reconstruction of evolutionary traits within this species. Plant Pathology. 64(4):799-807. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12318S79980764

Caractérisation de la variabilité sérologique du virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) : impact sur le diagnostic

Bgpi : équipe 6absen

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY(N) strain and six to the PVY(O) strain. No PVY(C) was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY(O), but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny(tbr) gene and probably represent the PVY(Z) group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY(O) and PVY(N) and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY(O), but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY(N)-Wilga. Some PVY(N) isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY(NTN) group. The PVY(NTN), PVY(N)-Wilga and PVY(Z) groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY(N) and PVY(O), respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5' end within the PVY(N) strain

Adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without postoperative radiotherapy, in operable non-small-cell lung cancer:two meta-analyses of individual patient data

Many randomised controlled trials have investigated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in operable non-small-cell lung cancer. We undertook two comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses to establish the effects of adding adjuvant chemotherapy to surgery, or to surgery plus radiotherapy