Some New Characterization Results on Exponential and Related Distributions

Abstract. It is well-known that most of the characterization results on exponential distribution are based on the solution of Cauchy functional equation and integrated Cauchy functional equation. Here, we consider the functional equation where F and Q satisfy certain conditions, to give some new characterization results on exponential, power and Pareto distributions using the concepts of conditional random variables and order statistics

Correlation between Prostate Needle Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Gleason Gradings of 111 Cases with Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 98.25pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="MsoPageNumber"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;">Purpose:</span></strong></span><span class="MsoPageNumber"><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;"> There are conflicting reports in the literature about correlation of biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason scores in prostate carcinoma. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of grading in these two types of pathologic materials.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 98.25pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="MsoPageNumber"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;">Materials and methods:</span></strong></span><span class="MsoPageNumber"><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;"> The coupled Hematoxylin and Eosin slides of 111 patients with prostate carcinoma were collected. Gleason scores were determined. Patients who had undergone any therapy except surgery were excluded from the study. Correlation between grades was calculated by determination of correlation coefficient. Accuracy of biopsy grading in prediction of final grade was also determined by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 98.25pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="MsoPageNumber"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;">Results:</span></strong></span><span class="MsoPageNumber"><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;"> In 50 cases (45%), grade was underestimated in the biopsy. After dividing the cases into Gleason scores of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2 to 4, 5 to 6, 7,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8 to 10, the most of undergraded cases (84.2%)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were in the first group (Gleason score 2 to 4) and this rate reached 5% in the fourth group (Gleason score 8 to 10). The correlation coefficient measured was 0.535 in grade to grade comparing and 0.514 in group to group comparison of the specimens. In low-grade tumors, grading in biopsy, in spite of high sensitivity (90.9%), had low positive predictive value (26.3%).</span></span></span></span></p><span class="MsoPageNumber"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> There is a moderate direct linear relationship between scores in biopsy and prostatectomy specimens. But there is a high probability of underestimation of real Gleason score of the radical prostatectomy specimen in low-grade tumors. Pathologists and urologists must consider the phenomenon of undergrading in reporting prostate specimens and managing patients.</span></span></span&gt

Prospects for Detecting Gaps in Globular Cluster Stellar Streams in External Galaxies with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Stellar streams form through the tidal disruption of satellite galaxies or globular clusters orbiting a host galaxy. Globular cluster streams are exciting since they are thin (dynamically cold) and, therefore sensitive to perturbations from low-mass subhalos. Since the subhalo mass function differs depending on the dark matter composition, these gaps can provide unique constraints on dark matter models. However, current samples are limited to the Milky Way. With its large field of view, deep imaging sensitivity, and high angular resolution, the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) presents a unique opportunity to increase the number of observed streams and gaps significantly. This paper presents a first exploration of the prospects for detecting gaps in streams in M31 and other nearby galaxies with resolved stars. We simulate the formation of gaps in a Palomar-5-like stream and generate mock observations of these gaps with background stars in M31 and the foreground Milky Way stellar fields. We assess Roman's ability to detect gaps out to 10 Mpc through visual inspection and with the gap-finding tool ${\texttt{FindTheGap}}$. We conclude that gaps of $\approx 1.5$ kpc in streams that are created from subhalos of masses $\geq5 \times 10^6$M$_{\odot}$ are detectable within a 2-3 Mpc volume in exposures of 1000s to 1 hour. This volume contains $\approx 150$ galaxies, including $\approx 8$ galaxies with luminosities $>10^{9}~$L$_{\odot}$. Large samples of stream gaps in external galaxies will open up a new era of statistical analyses of gap characteristics in stellar streams and help constrain dark matter models.Comment: ApJ versio

Impact of immunosuppressive treatment on liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis

The impact of treatment on progression of fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unknown. We assessed the changes in liver fibrosis before and after treatment among these patients. Nineteen AIH patients who had paired liver biopsies were studied. Of these, seven had been treated with 6 months of cyclosporine A and the rest with 6 months of prednisolone for induction of remission. Thereafter all had been maintained on azathioprine. Biopsy specimens before and after treatment were reviewed by one pathologist and scored by the Ishak method. Mean fibrosis stages before and after treatment were compared. Also, factors predicting significant fibrosis (stage �3) and cirrhosis (stage �5) at presentation were assessed. Mean interval between biopsies was 3.38 years. Mean fibrosis stage decreased from 4.53 to 2.16 following treatment (P < 0.001). Mean decrement in inflammatory grade was 8 scores (range, 4-10) in patients in whom fibrosis improved, and 2 scores (range, 0-4) in patients in whom fibrosis did not decrease after treatment (P < 0.001). ALT-to-platelet ratio was the best predictor of significant fibrosis and also cirrhosis. Fibrosis commonly improves after immunosuppressive treatment in AIH. ALT-to-platelet ratio can predict accurately the presence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in AIH. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

O-C Study of 545 Lunar Occultations from 13 Double Stars

International audienceIn this article, we have studied the reports of lunar occultations by this project observation's teams (named APTO) in comparison with other observations of the objects. Thirteen binary stars were selected for this study. All the previous observations of these stars were also collected. Finally, an analysis of O-C of all reports were performed

COOL-LAMPS. VI. Lens Model and New Constraints on the Properties of COOL J1241+2219, a Bright z = 5 Lyman Break Galaxy and its z = 1 Cluster Lens

We present a strong lensing analysis of COOL J1241+2219, the brightest known gravitationally lensed galaxy at z ≥ 5, based on new multiband Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data. The lensed galaxy has a redshift of z = 5.043, placing it shortly after the end of the “Epoch of Reionization,” and an AB magnitude z AB = 20.47 mag (Khullar et al.). As such, it serves as a touchstone for future research of that epoch. The high spatial resolution of HST reveals internal structure in the giant arc, from which we identify 15 constraints and construct a robust lens model. We use the lens model to extract the cluster mass and lensing magnification. We find that the mass enclosed within the Einstein radius of the z = 1.001 cluster lens is M(<5.″77)=1.079−0.007+0.023×1013M☉ , significantly lower than other known strong lensing clusters at its redshift. The average magnification of the giant arc is 〈μ arc〉 = 76−20+40 , a factor of 2.4−0.7+1.4 greater than previously estimated from ground-based data; the flux-weighted average magnification is 〈μ arc〉 = 92−31+37 . We update the current measurements of the stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) of the source for the revised magnification to log(M⋆/M⊙)= 9.7 ± 0.3 and SFR = 10.3−4.4+7.0 M ⊙ yr−1, respectively. The powerful lensing magnification acting upon COOL J1241+2219 resolves the source and enables future studies of the properties of its star formation on a clump-by-clump basis. The lensing analysis presented here will support upcoming multiwavelength characterization with HST and JWST data of the stellar mass assembly and physical properties of this high-redshift lensed galaxy

COOL-LAMPS VI: Lens model and New Constraints on the Properties of COOL J1241+2219, a Bright z = 5 Lyman Break Galaxy and its z = 1 Cluster Lens

We present a strong lensing analysis of COOL J1241+2219, the brightest known gravitationally lensed galaxy at $z \geq 5$, based on new multi-band Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data. The lensed galaxy has a redshift of z=5.043, placing it shortly after the end of the Epoch of Reionization, and an AB magnitude z_AB=20.47 mag (Khullar et al. 2021). As such, it serves as a touchstone for future research of that epoch. The high spatial resolution of HST reveals internal structure in the giant arc, from which we identify 15 constraints and construct a robust lens model. We use the lens model to extract cluster mass and lensing magnification. We find that the mass enclosed within the Einstein radius of the z=1.001 cluster lens is M(<5.77'')=$1.079^{+0.023}_{-0.007}$, significantly lower than other known strong lensing clusters at its redshift. The average magnification of the giant arc is $=76^{+40}_{-20}$, a factor of $2.4^{+1.4}_{-0.7}$ greater than previously estimated from ground-based data; the flux-weighted average magnification is $=92^{+37}_{-31}$ We update the current measurements of the stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) of the source for the revised magnification, $\log(M_\star/M_{\odot})=9.7\pm0.3$ and ${\rm SFR} = 10.3^{+7.0}_{-4.4}$ $M_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. The powerful lensing magnification acting upon COOL J1241+2219 resolves the source and enables future studies of the properties of its star formation on a clump-by-clump basis. The lensing analysis presented here will support upcoming multiwavelength characterization with HST and JWST data of the stellar mass assembly and physical properties of this high-redshift lensed galaxy.Comment: Submitted to Ap

Composite pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland: a case series

Background: Composite pheochromocytoma is a rare pathological condition characterized by elements of both pheochromocytoma and neurogenic tumors. However, detailed clinical outcomes of this tumor have not been fully shown. From 2007 to 2013, we experienced three cases of adrenal composite pheochromocytoma. In this report, we investigate the clinicopathological features of these three cases of composite pheochromocytoma and compare them with previously reported cases. Case presentations: Cases 1 and 2 were a 29-year-old Japanese woman and a 59-year-old Japanese man, respectively. They underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, and pathological examination revealed composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma. Case 3 was a 53-year-old Japanese man who had been receiving hemodialysis for 17 years. He underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, and pathological examination revealed composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroblastoma. Although the Ki67-positive rates varied from 1.0 to 6.2% among the three cases, no clinical recurrences occurred. Despite the relatively high rate of Ki67 positivity, complete tumor resection resulted in favorable clinical outcomes. Conclusion: We experienced three cases of adrenal composite pheochromocytoma. Although the clinical findings and treatment outcomes of composite pheochromocytoma were similar to those of ordinary pheochromocytoma, further studies of the biological behavior and genetic profiles of composite pheochromocytoma are necessary to achieve a better understanding of this tumor

The DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Data Release 2

We present the second public data release (DR2) from the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE). DELVE DR2 combines new DECam observations with archival DECam data from the Dark Energy Survey, the DECam Legacy Survey, and other DECam community programs. DELVE DR2 consists of similar to 160,000 exposures that cover >21,000 deg(2) of the high-Galactic-latitude ( divide b divide > 10 degrees) sky in four broadband optical/near-infrared filters (g, r, i, z). DELVE DR2 provides point-source and automatic aperture photometry for similar to 2.5 billion astronomical sources with a median 5 sigma point-source depth of g = 24.3, r = 23.9, i = 23.5, and z = 22.8 mag. A region of similar to 17,000 deg(2) has been imaged in all four filters, providing four-band photometric measurements for similar to 618 million astronomical sources. DELVE DR2 covers more than 4 times the area of the previous DELVE data release and contains roughly 5 times as many astronomical objects. DELVE DR2 is publicly available via the NOIRLab Astro Data Lab science platform