495 research outputs found
Survey of classical density functionals for modelling hydrogen physisorption at 77 K
This work surveys techniques based on classical density functionals for modeling the quantum dispersion of physisorbed hydrogen at 77 K. Two such techniques are examined in detail. The first is based on the "open ring approximation" (ORA) of Broukhno et al., and it is compared with a technique based on the semiclassical approximation of Feynman and Hibbs (FH). For both techniques, a standard classical density functional is used to model hydrogen molecule-hydrogen molecule (i.e., excess) interactions. The three-dimensional (3D) quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO) system and a model of molecular hydrogen adsorption into a graphitic slit pore at 77 K are used as benchmarks. Density functional results are compared with path-integral Monte Carlo simulations and with exact solutions for the 3D QHO system. It is found that neither of the density functional treatments are entirely satisfactory. However, for hydrogen physisorption studies at 77 K the ORA based technique is generally superior to the FH based technique due to a fortunate cancellation of errors in the density functionals used. But, if more accurate excess functionals are used, the FH technique would be superior
Self-referential Monte Carlo method for calculating the free energy of crystalline solids
A self-referential Monte Carlo method is described for calculating the free energy of crystalline solids. All Monte Carlo methods for the free energy of classical crystalline solids calculate the free-energy difference between a state whose free energy can be calculated relatively easily and the state of interest. Previously published methods employ either a simple model crystal, such as the Einstein crystal, or a fluid as the reference state. The self-referential method employs a radically different reference state; it is the crystalline solid of interest but with a different number of unit cells. So it calculates the free-energy difference between two crystals, differing only in their size. The aim of this work is to demonstrate this approach by application to some simple systems, namely, the face centered cubic hard sphere and Lennard-Jones crystals. However, it can potentially be applied to arbitrary crystals in both bulk and confined environments, and ultimately it could also be very efficient
Gamma-ray emission from dark matter wakes of recoiled black holes
A new scenario for the emission of high-energy gamma-rays from dark matter
annihilation around massive black holes is presented. A black hole can leave
its parent halo, by means of gravitational radiation recoil, in a merger event
or in the asymmetric collapse of its progenitor star. A recoiled black hole
which moves on an almost-radial orbit outside the virial radius of its central
halo, in the cold dark matter background, reaches its apapsis in a finite time.
Near or at the apapsis passage, a high-density wake extending over a large
radius of influence, forms around the black hole. It is shown that significant
gamma-ray emission can result from the enhancement of neutralino annihilation
in these wakes. At its apapsis passage, a black hole is shown to produce a
flash of high-energy gamma-rays whose duration is determined by the mass of the
black hole and the redshift at which it is ejected. The ensemble of such black
holes in the Hubble volume is shown to produce a diffuse high-energy gamma-ray
background whose magnitude is compared to the diffuse emission from dark matter
haloes alone.Comment: version to appear in Astrophysical Journal letters (labels on Fig. 3
corrected
The self-referential method for linear rigid bodies : application to hard and Lennard-Jones dumbbells
The self-referential (SR) method incorporating thermodynamic integration (TI) [Sweatman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 128, 064102 (2008)] is extended to treat systems of rigid linear bodies. The method is then applied to obtain the canonical ensemble Helmholtz free energy of the alpha-N2 and plastic face centered cubic phases of systems of hard and Lennard-Jones dumbbells using Monte Carlo simulations. Generally good agreement with reference literature data is obtained, which indicates that the SR-TI method is potentially very general and robust
Lattice density-functional theory of surface melting: the effect of a square-gradient correction
I use the method of classical density-functional theory in the
weighted-density approximation of Tarazona to investigate the phase diagram and
the interface structure of a two-dimensional lattice-gas model with three
phases -- vapour, liquid, and triangular solid. While a straightforward
mean-field treatment of the interparticle attraction is unable to give a stable
liquid phase, the correct phase diagram is obtained when including a suitably
chosen square-gradient term in the system grand potential. Taken this theory
for granted, I further examine the structure of the solid-vapour interface as
the triple point is approached from low temperature. Surprisingly, a novel
phase (rather than the liquid) is found to grow at the interface, exhibiting an
unusually long modulation along the interface normal. The conventional
surface-melting behaviour is recovered only by artificially restricting the
symmetries being available to the density field.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Volatility in coral cover erodes niche structure, but not diversity, in reef fish assemblages
The worldâs coral reefs are experiencing increasing volatility in coral cover, largely because of anthropogenic environmental change, highlighting the need to understand how such volatility will influence the structure and dynamics of reef assemblages. These changes may influence not only richness or evenness but also the temporal stability of speciesâ relative abundances (temporal beta-diversity). Here, we analyzed reef fish assemblage time series from the Great Barrier Reef to show that, overall, 75% of the variance in abundance among species was attributable to persistent differences in speciesâ long-term mean abundances. However, the relative importance of stochastic fluctuations in abundance was higher on reefs that experienced greater volatility in coral cover, whereas it did not vary with drivers of alpha-diversity. These findings imply that increased coral cover volatility decreases temporal stability in relative abundances of fishes, a transformation that is not detectable from static measures of biodiversity
Cluster density functional theory for lattice models based on the theory of Mobius functions
Rosenfeld's fundamental measure theory for lattice models is given a rigorous
formulation in terms of the theory of Mobius functions of partially ordered
sets. The free-energy density functional is expressed as an expansion in a
finite set of lattice clusters. This set is endowed a partial order, so that
the coefficients of the cluster expansion are connected to its Mobius function.
Because of this, it is rigorously proven that a unique such expansion exists
for any lattice model. The low-density analysis of the free-energy functional
motivates a redefinition of the basic clusters (zero-dimensional cavities)
which guarantees a correct zero-density limit of the pair and triplet direct
correlation functions. This new definition extends Rosenfeld's theory to
lattice model with any kind of short-range interaction (repulsive or
attractive, hard or soft, one- or multi-component...). Finally, a proof is
given that these functionals have a consistent dimensional reduction, i.e. the
functional for dimension d' can be obtained from that for dimension d (d'<d) if
the latter is evaluated at a density profile confined to a d'-dimensional
subset.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, uses iopart.cls, as well as diagrams.sty
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