Modification of viscose fabrics to impart permanent antimicrobial activity

Viscose fabrics have been modified to enhance the attraction for nano metal oxides, namely aluminum oxide, zinc oxide or titanium (IV) oxide, to impart antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Viscose fabrics are pretreated with 3-bromoprpionic acid prior to loading with nano metal oxides. Optimization of the acid concentration is reported. The overall results show a unique ability to stop microorganisms growth on the viscose fabrics pretreated with 3-bromopropionic acid and after treatment with nano metal oxides. The ability of nano metal oxide treated viscose fabrics to reduce the microbial growth is found in the following order: zinc oxide > aluminum oxide > titanium (IV) oxide. The durability of antimicrobial activity has been tested after thirty wash cycles

Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II Intervention Effectiveness Across Time

Implicit preferences are malleable, but does that change last? We tested 9 interventions (8 real and 1 sham) to reduce implicit racial preferences over time. In 2 studies with a total of 6,321 participants, all 9 interventions immediately reduced implicit preferences. However, none were effective after a delay of several hours to several days. We also found that these interventions did not change explicit racial preferences and were not reliably moderated by motivations to respond without prejudice. Short-term malleability in implicit preferences does not necessarily lead to long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility and stability of implicit preferences. (PsycINFO Database Recor

Coagulase Gene Typing with Emphasis on Methi-cillin-Resistance Staphylococci: Emergence to Public Health

Abstract Emerging antimicrobial resistance among CNS is a concern in veterinary and human medicine. Coagulase test is considered as the key test to differentiate staphylococci to two groups, coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in camel in Egypt: potential human hazard

Abstract Background The rapid increase of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a potential health hazard. Development of antimicrobial resistance in animal pathogens has serious implications for human health, especially when such strains could be transmitted to human. In this study, the antimicrobial resistance due to ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the camel meat was investigated. Methods In this study meat samples from 200 healthy camels at two major abattoirs in Egypt (Cairo and Giza) were collected. Following culture on cetrimide agar, suspected P. aeruginosa colonies were confirmed with a Vitek 2 system (bioMe´rieux). P. aeruginosa isolates were phenotypically identified as ESBL by double disk synergy test. Additionally antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates were done against 11 antimicrobial drugs and carried out by disk diffusion method. The ESBL genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction according to the presence of the bla PER-1, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 45 camel meat sample (22.5%). The total percentage of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa was 45% (21/45) from camel meat isolates. Antibiogram results revealed the highest resistance was for c, ceftriaxone and rifampicin followed by cefepime and aztreonam. The prevalence rates of β-lactamase genes were recorded (bla PER-1 28.5%, bla CTX-M 38%, bla SHV 33.3% and bla TEM 23.8%). Conclusions This study illustrates the presence of high rates of ESBL-P. aeruginosa in camels that represents an increasing alarming for the risk of transmission to human and opens the door for current and future antibiotics therapy failure. Livestock associated ESBL-P. aeruginosa is a growing disaster, therefore, attention has to be fully given to livestock associated ESBL-bacteria which try to find its way to human beings

Modification of viscose fabrics to impart permanent antimicrobial activity

25-30Viscose fabrics have been modified to enhance the attraction for nano metal oxides, namely aluminum oxide, zinc oxide or titanium (IV) oxide, to impart antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Viscose fabrics are pretreated with 3-bromoprpionic acid prior to loading with nano metal oxides. Optimization of the acid concentration is reported. The overall results show a unique ability to stop microorganisms growth on the viscose fabrics pretreated with 3-bromopropionic acid and after treatment with nano metal oxides. The ability of nano metal oxide treated viscose fabrics to reduce the microbial growth is found in the following order: zinc oxide > aluminum oxide > titanium (IV) oxide. The durability of antimicrobial activity has been tested after thirty wash cycles

Molecular diversity of the invA gene obtained from human and egg samples

Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne bacterial diseases in the world. The great majority of Salmonella infections in humans are foodborne with Salmonella enterica and Salmonella Typhimurium accounting for a major part of the problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of invA gene in strains of Salmonellae isolated from eggs and diarrheal swabs from human cases. In addition, the relationship between invA gene nucleotide sequences from different sources (human stool and egg samples) have been studied through phylogenetic tree. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy eggs (eggshell and its contents) and 160 stool swabs samples were collected from four poultry farms and medical hospital in Giza Governorate. Results: The study reported the presence of two Salmonella strains in eggshell surface with an overall isolation rate of 1.2 and 0% of the egg content. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from eggshell surface with an incidence of 50% for each strain. Six salmonella strains were isolated from human stool with an incidence of 3.75%; the isolated strains are S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Virchow, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Kentucky with an incidence of 33.3%, 16.6%, 16.6%, 16.6%, and 16.6%, respectively. Among eight Salmonella strains, invA gene was detected with percentage of 50%. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences invA gene, from two isolates included in this study and five isolates retrieved from GenBank showed that sequence from human, layer hens, egg, and water in the same clusters. Conclusion: Close relation between drinking contaminated water and layer hens and contaminated water is one such source

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa originating from farm animals and people in Egypt

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) has become the leading cause of health care-associated infections. Treatment is difficult due to the lack of an effective antimicrobial therapy, and mortality is high. This study investigated the occurrence of CRPA in farm animals (buffaloes and cattle), livestock drinking water, and humans in Egypt

New insight of apparently healthy animals as a potential reservoir for Clostridium perfringens: a public health implication

Introduction:Clostridium perfringens is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and continues to cause one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases in man