Do Windfall Gains Affect Labour Supply? Evidence from the European Household Panel

We investigate whether workers adjust hours worked in response to windfall gains using data from the European Household Panel. The results suggest that unexpected variation in income has a negative (although small) effect on working hours. In particular, after receiving an unanticipated windfall gain, individuals are more likely to drop out of the labour force and the effects become larger as the size of windfall increases. Furthermore, the empirical findings show that the impact of windfall gains on labour supply: (i) is more important for young and old individuals, (ii) is mostly negative for married individuals with young children, (iii) but can be positive for single individuals at the age of around 40 years.windfall gains, working hours

Gagasan Konservasi Flora Endemik (Diospyros Celebica Bakh.) Dikawasan Wallacea Sulawesi - Indonesia

Eboni Sulawesi (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)adalah salah satu flora endemik Sulawesi yang tergolong rentan punah (vulnerable species) disebabkan degradasi dan fragmentasi habitat serta nilai jual yang sangat menggiurkan. Hasil-hasil konvensi intemasional menyatakan kasus eboni Sulawesi bukan kasus local tetapi termasuk kasus intemasional yang wajib ditangani bersama-sama oleh penduduk bumi.Konservasi eboni Sulawesi yang paling efektif adalah mengkonservasi ekosistemnya.Untuk ini diperlukan dana yang besar dari berbagai data base antara lain "Minimum Viable Population" (MVP) dan "Minimum Dynamic Area" (MDA).Dana yang besar dapat diperoleh dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber pendanaan baik lokal, nasional maupun intemasional antara lain dana "Hedonic Pricing & Existence Value" yang berasal dari keberadaan eboni itu sendiri

Do windfall gains affect labour supply? evidence from the european household panel

We investigate whether workers adjust hours worked in response to windfall gains using data from the European Household Panel. The results suggest that unexpected variation in income has a negative (although small) effect on working hours. In particular, after receiving an unanticipated windfall gain, individuals are more likely to drop out of the labour force and the effects become larger as the size of windfall increases. Furthermore, the empirical findings show that the impact of windfall gains on labour supply: (i) is more important for young and old individuals, (ii) is mostly negative for married individuals with young children, (iii) but can be positive for single individuals at the age of around 40 years.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

A simple field based method for rapid wood density estimation for selected tree species in Western Kenya

Wood density is an important variable for accurate quantification of woody biomass and carbon stocks. Conventional destructive methods for wood density estimation are resource intensive, prohibiting their use, limiting the application of approaches that would minimize uncertainties in tree biomass estimates. We tested an alternative method involving tree coring with a carpenter's auger to estimate wood density of seven tropical tree species in Western Kenya. We used conventional water immersion method to validate results from the auger core method. The mean densities (and 95% confidence intervals) ranged from 0.36 g cm−3 (0.25–0.47) to 0.67 g cm−3 (0.61–0.73) for the auger core method, and 0.46 g cm−3 (0.42–0.50) to 0.67 g cm−3 (0.61–0.73) for the water immersion method. The auger core and water immersion methods were not significantly different for four out of seven tree species namely; Acacia mearnsii, Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus grandis and Grevillea robusta. However, wood densities estimated from the auger core method were lower (t (61) = 7.992, P = <0.001). The ease of the auger core method application, as a non-destructive method in acquiring wood density data, is a worthy alternative in biomass and carbon stocks quantification. This method could protect trees outside forests found in most parts of Africa

FTIR-DRIFTS-based prediction of β-carotene, α-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid in mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit pulp

Mango fruits contain substantial vitamins and dietary fibre. Vitamins vary among and within fruits depending on cultivar type and ripening stage. Conventional techniques of vitamins analysis are based on High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, which are costly and laborious. This study evaluated the potential of Fourier transform infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-DRIFTS) technique in predicting β-carotene, α-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid in pulps of four mango cultivar types (‘Apple’, ‘Kent’, ‘Ngowe’, and ‘Tommy Atkins’). Combination of ran dom forest (RF) and first derivative spectra developed the predictive models. Factorial ANOVA examined the interaction effect of cultivar type, site (‘Thika’, ‘Embu’ and ‘Machakos), and fruit canopy position (sun exposed/within crown) on β-carotene, α-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid contents. RF Models gave R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 2.27, RPD = 0.72 for β-carotene; R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.26, RPD = 0.30 for α-tocopherol and R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.51, RPD = 1.96 for L-ascorbic acid. Generally cultivar type affected vitamin C, F (3, 282) = 7.812, p < 0.05. Apple and Tommy Atkins had higher mean vitamins than Ngowe and Kent. In Machakos, within canopy fruits had higher β-carotene than sun-exposed fruits, F (5, 257) = 2.328, p = 0.043. However, interactions between fruit position, site and cultivar did not affect α-tocopherol and vitamin C. In Thika, Tommy Atkins at fully ripe stage had higher vitamin C than at intermediate maturity stage, F (2, 143) = 7.328, p = 0.01. These results show that FTIR-DRIFTS spectroscopy is a high-throughput method that can be used to predict mango fruit vitamins of in a large data set

Soil structural degradation and nutrient limitations across land use categories and climatic zones in Southern Africa

Although soil degradation is a major threat to food security and carbon sequestration, our knowledge of the spatial extent of the problem and its drivers is very limited in Southern Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the risk of soil structural degradation and determine the variation in soil stoichiometry and nutrient limitations with land use categories (LUCs) and climatic zones. Using data on soil clay, silt, organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) concentrations collected from 4,468 plots on 29 sites across Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe, this study presents novel insights into the variations in soil structural degradation and nutrient limitations. The analysis revealed strikingly consistent stoichiometric coupling of total N, P, and S concentrations with SOC across LUCs. The only exception was on crop land where available P was decoupled from SOC. Across sample plots, the probability (φ) of severe soil structural degradation was 0.52. The probability of SOC concentrations falling below the critical value of 1.5% was 0.49. The probabilities of soil total N, available P, and S concentrations falling below their critical values were 0.95, 0.70, and 0.83, respectively. N limitation occurred with greater probability in woodland (φ = .99) and forestland (φ = .97) than in cropland (φ = .92) and grassland (φ = .90) soils. It is concluded that soil structural degradation, low SOC concentrations, and N and S limitations are widespread across Southern Africa. Therefore, significant changes in policies and practices in land management are needed to reverse the rate of soil structural degradation and increase soil carbon storage

BANK SYARIAH SEBAGAI BANK BAGI HASIL:

Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the rules of Syariah. The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of riba (usury). Amongst the common Islamic concepts used in Islamic banking are profit sharing (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah), joint venture (Musharakah), cost plus (Murabahah), and leasing (Ijarah). Mudarabah is an arrangement or agreement between a capital provider (mudharib) and an entrepreneur, whereby the entrepreneur can mobilize funds for its business activity. Any profits made will be shared between the capital provider and the entrepreneur according to an agreed ratio, where both parties share in profits and only capital provider bears all the losses if occurred. While murabahah (Cost Plus) refers to the sale of goods at a price, which includes a profit margin agreed to by both parties. The bank is compensated for the time value of its money in the form of the profit margin. This is a fixed-income loan for the purchase of a real asset (such as real estate or a vehicle), with a fixed rate of interest determined by the profit margin. This article suggests that most of the Islamic banks have now given up or marginalized two risk-sharing/profit-loss sharing (PLS) modes (Mudharabah and Musharakah), and have turned to the predominant mode of Murabahah, a mode that allows them to ensure that they avoid risk almost altogether in their transactions and earn relatively high return. Islamic banks have found Mudharabah and Musharakah to be inoperable in the modern context.Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking except that it operates in&nbsp;accordance with the rules of Syariah. The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of&nbsp;profit and loss and the prohibition of riba (usury). Amongst the common Islamic concepts&nbsp;used in Islamic banking are profit sharing (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah), joint venture&nbsp;(Musharakah), cost plus (Murabahah), and leasing (Ijarah). Mudarabah is an arrangement&nbsp;or agreement between a capital provider (mudharib) and an entrepreneur, whereby the&nbsp;entrepreneur can mobilize funds for its business activity. Any profits made will be shared&nbsp;between the capital provider and the entrepreneur according to an agreed ratio, where both&nbsp;parties share in profits and only capital provider bears all the losses if occurred. While&nbsp;murabahah (Cost Plus) refers to the sale of goods at a price, which includes a profit margin&nbsp;agreed to by both parties. The bank is compensated for the time value of its money in the form&nbsp;of the profit margin. This is a fixed-income loan for the purchase of a real asset (such as real&nbsp;estate or a vehicle), with a fixed rate of interest determined by the profit margin. This article&nbsp;suggests that most of the Islamic banks have now given up or marginalized two risk-sharing/profit-loss sharing (PLS) modes (Mudharabah and Musharakah), and have turned to the&nbsp;predominant mode of Murabahah, a mode that allows them to ensure that they avoid risk&nbsp;almost altogether in their transactions and earn relatively high return. Islamic banks have&nbsp;found Mudharabah and Musharakah to be inoperable in the modern context

Digestive alkaline proteases from the Tunisian barbel (Barbus callensis): Characterization and application as a detergent additive, in chicken feather-degradation and as a dehairing agent

Alkaline crude enzymes from the viscera of the Tunisian barbel (Barbus callensis) were extracted and characterized. Proteolytic crude extract from barbel viscera was active and stable in alkaline solution. The optimum pH and temperature were 11.0 and 55 °C, respectively, using casein as a substrate. The crude alkaline protease was extremely stable in the pH range of 5.0-12.0. Zymography activity staining using casein as a substrate showed the presence of at least five distinct proteases. The crude alkaline proteases showed stability towards various surfactants, bleach agents and compatibility with some commercial detergents. Alkaline proteases from the viscera of the barbel were tested in chicken feather-degradation and showed important feather degrading activity. Complete solubilisation of whole feathers was observed after 24h of incubation at 50°C. Additionally, crude alkaline protease demonstrated powerful capabilities of hair removal from skin and the collagen, the major leather-forming protein, was not significantly degraded. Considering its promising properties, alkaline crude enzyme from the viscera of the Tunisian barbel may be considered as a potential candidate for future use in several biotechnological processes

PEMBERDAYAAN LITERASI DIGITAL GURU MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN AUGMENTED REALITY

Abstrak: Literasi digital merupakan kemampuan guru masa kini yang perlu diberdayakan melalui kegiatan pelatihan yang berkelanjutan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan literasi digital guru melalui penggunaan Augmented Reality. Harapannya adalah tetjadi peningkatan literasi digital guru setelah kegiatan pelatihan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di SMPN Fatumfaun dengan melibatkan 14 orang guru. Kegiatan dilakukan menjadi tiga tahapan utama yaitu tahapan persiapan, tahapan pelatihan dan pembimbingan serta tahapan evaluasi. Untuk mengetahui data literasi digital guru sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan kegiatan maka digunakan angket literasi digital yang berisi 10 pernyataan. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan literasi digital guru. Sebelum mengikuti kegiatan ini, nilai rata-rata literasi digital guru SMPN Fatumfaun adalah 63,14 yang berada pada kategori cukup baik. Setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini, nilai rata-rata literasi digital guru SMPN Fatumfaun adalah 76,43 yang berada pada kategori baik. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan literasi digital guru sebesar 21,05 %.Abstract: Digital literacy is a skill of today's teachers that needs to be harnessed through continuous professional development. This activity aims to strengthen the digital literacy of teachers through the use of Augmented Reality. It is expected that the digital literacy of the teachers will increase after the training activities. This activity has been implemented in Fatumfaun Junior High School with the participation of 14 teachers. The activities are carried out in three main stages, namely the preparation stage, the training and mentoring stage and the evaluation stage. A digital literacy questionnaire with 10 statements was used to collect data on teachers' digital literacy before and after the implementation of the activity. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that there is an increase in teachers' digital literacy. Before participating in this activity, the average digital literacy score of Fatumfaun Junior High School teachers was 63.14, which was in the good enough category. After participating in this activity, the average digital literacy score of Fatumfaun Junior High School teachers was 76.43, which was in the good category. This shows an increase of 21.05% in the digital literacy of the teachers