EL PUERTO ENGALANADA PARA RECIBIR AL REY [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Continuous Training and Certification in Neonatal Resuscitation in Remote Areas Using a Multi-Platform Information and Communication Technology Intervention, Compared to Standard Training: A Randomized Cluster Trial Study Protocol

Background: About 10% of all newborns may have difficulty breathing and require support by trained personnel. In Peru, 90% of deliveries occur in health facilities. However, there is not a national neonatal resuscitation and certification program for the public health sector. In addition, the Andes and the Amazon regions concentrate large rural remote areas, which further limit the implementation of training programs and the accomplishment of continuous certification. Neonatal resuscitation training through the use of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) tools, running on computers, tablets or mobile phones, may overcome such limitations. This strategy allows online and offline access to educational resources, paving the way to more frequent and efficient training, and certification processes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a neonatal resuscitation training and certification program that uses a Multi-Platform ICT (MP-ICT) strategy on neonatal health care in remote areas. Methods: We propose to conduct the study through a cluster-randomized trial, where the study and analysis unit is the health care facility. Eligible facilities will include primary and secondary health care level facilities that are located in provinces with neonatal mortality rates higher than 15 per 1,000 live births. We will compare the proportion of newborns with a heart rate ≥100 beats per minute at two minutes after birth in health care facilities that receive MP-ICT training and certification implementation, with those that receive standard training and certification. Discussion: We expect that the intervention will be shown as more effective than the current standard of care. We are prepared to include it within a national neonatal resuscitation training and certification program to be implemented at national scale together with policymakers and other key stakeholders. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Nº NCT03210194 Status of the study: This study is enrolling participants by invitation only. Study protocol version 1.1 – March 31st, 201

Challenges in assessing exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards in large cities: the case study of Arequipa near the Misti volcano, south Peru

Assessing risk of potential natural catastrophes in cities remains challenging, in particular as we need to elaborate quantitative criteria for exposure and vulnerability. Statistical and probabilistic methods have been applied to Arequipa, one of the most vulnerable Latin America cities. The second largest city of Peru is highly exposed to natural hazards: earthquakes, eruptions from the historically active El Misti volcano, rain-triggered flash floods and mass flows together with landslides from the Río Chili canyon walls. First, we propose a long-term probabilistic multi-hazard assessment for the Misti composite cone located 17 km from Arequipa. Second, we examine criteria for delineating areas prone to mass flow hazards and characterizing multiple sources of vulnerability forthe city. Third, a statistical methodology to better estimate damage probability for buildings is proposed

In situ functionalization of a cellulosic-based activated carbon with magnetic iron oxides for the removal of carbamazepine from wastewater

The main goal of this work was to produce an easily recoverable waste-based magnetic activated carbon (MAC) for an efficient removal of the antiepileptic pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) from wastewater. For this purpose, the synthesis procedure was optimized and a material (MAC4) providing immediate recuperation from solution, remarkable adsorptive performance and relevant properties (specific surface area of 551 m2 g-1 and saturation magnetization of 39.84 emu g-1) was selected for further CBZ kinetic and equilibrium adsorption studies. MAC4 presented fast CBZ adsorption rates and short equilibrium times (< 30-45 min) in both ultrapure water and wastewater. Equilibrium studies showed that MAC4 attained maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 68 ± 4 mg g-1 in ultrapure water and 60 ± 3 mg g-1 in wastewater, suggesting no significant interference of the aqueous matrix in the adsorption process. Overall, this work provides evidence of potential application of a waste-based MAC in the tertiary treatment of wastewaters.publishe

Advances in research on the use of biochar in soil for remediation: a review

Purpose: Soil contamination mainly from human activities remains a major environmental problem in the contemporary world. Significant work has been undertaken to position biochar as a readily-available material useful for the management of contaminants in various environmental media notably soil. Here, we review the increasing research on the use of biochar in soil for the remediation of some organic and inorganic contaminants.  Materials and methods: Bibliometric analysis was carried out within the past 10 years to determine the increasing trend in research related to biochar in soil for contaminant remediation. Five exemplar contaminants were reviewed in both laboratory and field-based studies. These included two inorganic (i.e., As and Pb) and three organic classes (i.e., sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs). The contaminants were selected based on bibliometric data and as representatives of their various contaminant classes. For example, As and Pb are potentially toxic elements (anionic and cationic, respectively), while sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs represent antibiotics, herbicides, and hydrocarbons, respectively.  Results and discussion: The interaction between biochar and contaminants in soil is largely driven by biochar precursor material and pyrolysis temperature as well as some characteristics of the contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) and polarity. The structural and chemical characteristics of biochar in turn determine the major sorption mechanisms and define biochar’s suitability for contaminant sorption. Based on the reviewed literature, a soil treatment plan is suggested to guide the application of biochar in various soil types (paddy soils, brownfield, and mine soils) at different pH levels (4–5.5) and contaminant concentrations ( 50 mg kg−1).  Conclusions: Research on biochar has grown over the years with significant focus on its properties, and how these affect biochar’s ability to immobilize organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. Few of these studies have been field-based. More studies with greater focus on field-based soil remediation are therefore required to fully understand the behavior of biochar under natural circumstances. Other recommendations are made aimed at stimulating future research in areas where significant knowledge gaps exist

Alegal: Biopolitics and the unintelligibility of Okinawan life

Okinawan life, at the crossroads of American militarism and Japanese capitalism, embodies a fundamental contradiction to the myth of the monoethnic state. Suspended in a state of exception, Okinawa has never been an official colony of the Japanese empire or the United States, nor has it ever been treated as an equal part of Japan. As a result, Okinawans live amid one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases in the world. By bringing Foucauldian biopolitics into conversation with Japanese Marxian theory, Alegal uncovers Japan’s determination to protect its middle class from the racialized sexual contact around its mainland bases by displacing them onto Okinawa, while simultaneously upholding Okinawa as a symbol of the infringement of Japanese sovereignty. This symbolism, however, has provoked ambivalence within Okinawa. In base towns that facilitated encounters between G.I.s and Okinawan women, the racial politics of the United States collided with the postcolonial politics of the Asia Pacific. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and memoir on base-town life since 1945, Shimabuku traces a continuing failure to “become Japanese.” What she discerns instead is a complex politics surrounding sex work, tipping with volatility along the razor’s edge between insurgency and collaboration. At stake in sovereign powers’ attempt to secure Okinawa as a military fortress was the need to contain alegality itself—that is, a life force irreducible to the legal order. If biopolitics is the state’s attempt to monopolize life, then Alegal is a story about how borderland actors reclaimed its power for themselves

Alegal [Table of Contents]

Suspended in a state of exception, Okinawa has never been an official colony of the Japanese empire or the United States, nor has it ever been treated as an equal part of Japan. As a result, Okinawans live amid one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases in the world. By bringing Foucauldian biopolitics into conversation with Japanese Marxian theory, Alegal uncovers Japan’s determination to protect its middle class from the racialized sexual contact around its mainland bases by displacing them onto Okinawa, while simultaneously upholding Okinawa as a symbol of the infringement of Japanese sovereignty. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and memoir on base-town life since 1945, Shimabuku traces a continuing failure to “become Japanese.” What she discerns instead is a complex politics surrounding sex work, tipping with volatility along the razor’s edge between insurgency and collaboration. At stake in sovereign power’s attempt to secure Okinawa as a military fortress was the need to contain alegality itself—that is, a life force irreducible to the legal order. If biopolitics is the state’s attempt to monopolize life, then Alegal is a story about how borderland actors reclaimed its power for themselves. Annmaria Shimabuku is Assistant Professor of East Asian Studies at New York University

Alegal: Biopolitics and the Unintelligibility of Okinawan Life

Okinawan life, at the crossroads of American militarism and Japanese capitalism, embodies a fundamental contradiction to the myth of the monoethnic state. Suspended in a state of exception, Okinawa has never been an official colony of the Japanese empire or the United States, nor has it ever been treated as an equal part of Japan. As a result, Okinawans live amid one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases in the world. By bringing Foucauldian biopolitics into conversation with Japanese Marxian theory, Alegal uncovers Japan’s determination to protect its middle class from the racialized sexual contact around its mainland bases by displacing them onto Okinawa, while simultaneously upholding Okinawa as a symbol of the infringement of Japanese sovereignty. This symbolism, however, has provoked ambivalence within Okinawa. In base towns that facilitated encounters between G.I.s and Okinawan women, the racial politics of the United States collided with the postcolonial politics of the Asia Pacific. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and memoir on base-town life since 1945, Shimabuku traces a continuing failure to “become Japanese.” What she discerns instead is a complex politics surrounding sex work, tipping with volatility along the razor’s edge between insurgency and collaboration. At stake in sovereign powers’ attempt to secure Okinawa as a military fortress was the need to contain alegality itself—that is, a life force irreducible to the legal order. If biopolitics is the state’s attempt to monopolize life, then Alegal is a story about how borderland actors reclaimed its power for themselves

Desempeño no clínico y aceptabilidad de un estimulador respiratorio portátil para reanimación neonatal básica, evaluado en personal de salud

Introduction: Neonatal resuscitation demands equipment for respiratory support not always available in rural&nbsp;areas. Innovative devices are required, and rapid prototyping allows to generate them using three-dimensional&nbsp;(3D) designs and printers. Objective: To evaluate the non-clinical performance and the acceptability by&nbsp;health personnel of a neonatal respiratory device produced by rapid prototyping. Methods: Observational&nbsp;study, descriptive, of proof of concept developed in two steps. Step 1: Manufacture of the device with rapid&nbsp;prototyping in three-dimensional (3D) scanners and printers. Step 2: Demonstration of the invention during&nbsp;training programs in neonatal resuscitation for health personnel in three regions of Peru (Tarapoto, Huánuco&nbsp;and Ayacucho). In both steps, we evaluated the performance of the device connected to a gas flow analyser.&nbsp;A survey was administered to the health workers of Tarapoto and Ayacucho to know their acceptability.&nbsp;Results: The developed prototype is T-shaped with two side bellows that, when pressed with one hand,&nbsp;project air through the centre towards a facial adapter. The use of the prototype in the laboratory generated&nbsp;an average air flow of 4.8 Lt /min (SD ± 1.7) and an average pressure of 5.9 cmH2O (SD ± 1.4). This device&nbsp;was considered to be “very simple to use” in an acceptability survey involving 39 nurses and 11 doctors in&nbsp;remote areas of the capital of Peru. Conclusions: The evaluated prototype is acceptable by the staff and has&nbsp;a performance capable of generating spontaneous breathing at birth.Introducción: La reanimación neonatal demanda dispositivos para apoyo respiratorio que no siempre&nbsp;se encuentran en áreas rurales. Se requieren dispositivos innovadores y el prototipado rápido permite&nbsp;generarlos usando diseños e impresoras tridimensionales (3D). Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño no clínico y la&nbsp;aceptabilidad por el personal de salud de un dispositivo respiratorio neonatal producido mediante prototipado&nbsp;rápido. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de prueba de concepto desarrollado en dos etapas.&nbsp;Etapa 1: Fabricación del dispositivo con prototipado rápido en impresoras y escáneres tridimensionales (3D).&nbsp;Etapa 2: Demostración del dispositivo durante programas de capacitación en reanimación neonatal para&nbsp;personal de salud en tres regiones del Perú (Tarapoto, Huánuco y Ayacucho). En ambas etapas se evaluó&nbsp;el desempeño del dispositivo conectado a un analizador de flujo de gases. Se administró una encuesta a&nbsp;los trabajadores de salud de Tarapoto y Ayacucho para conocer su aceptabilidad. Resultados: El prototipo&nbsp;desarrollado tiene forma de T con dos fuelles laterales que al presionarse con una sola mano, proyectan aire&nbsp;por el centro hacia un adaptador facial. El uso del prototipo en laboratorio generó un flujo de aire promedio&nbsp;de 4,8 Lt/min (DE ± 1,7) y una presión promedio de 5,9 cmH2O (DE ± 1,4). Este dispositivo fue considerado&nbsp;como “de uso muy simple” en una encuesta de aceptabilidad donde participaron 39 enfermeras y 11 médicos&nbsp;en zonas alejadas de la capital del Perú. Conclusiones: El prototipo evaluado fue aceptado por el personal y&nbsp;tuvo un desempeño capaz de generar un estímulo de la respiración espontánea al nacer