Toward a numerical deshaker for PFS

The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) onboard Mars Express (MEx) is the instrument with the highest spectral resolution observing Mars from orbit since January 2004. It permits studying the atmospheric structure, major and minor compounds. The present time version of the calibration is limited by the effects of mechanical vibration, currently not corrected. We proposed here a new approach to correct for the vibrations based on semi-blind deconvolution of the measurements. This new approach shows that a correction can be done efficiently with 85% reduction of the artefacts, in a equivalent manner to the stacking of 10 spectra. Our strategy is not fully automatic due to the dependence on some regularisation parameters. It may be applied on the complete PFS dataset, correcting the large-scale perturbation due to microvibrations for each spectrum independently. This approach is validated on actual PFS data of Short Wavelength Channel (SWC), perturbed by microvibrations. A coherence check can be performed and also validate our approach. Unfortunately, the coherence check can be done only on the first 310 orbits of MEx only, until the laser line has been switch off. More generally, this work may apply to numerically "deshake" Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), widely used in space experiments or in the laboratory.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Planetary and Space Scienc

Experimental study of diurnal and seasonal variations in the atmospheric electric field

In order to separate global and local effects of atmospheric electricity, measurements of the fair-weather electric field were performed in Nizhny Novgorod in 2013-2018. As a result of processing 139 diurnal records from four observation points spaced 6–8 km apart, diurnal variations in the fair-weather atmospheric electric field for different seasons and weekdays (working days and weekends) were studied. The curve of the local diurnal variation is shown to always have two maxima. The evening maximum of the diurnal variation (19:00–20:00 UT) coincides in time with the maximum of the Carnegie curve, which is a characteristic of the global electrical circuit. The highest values of the field amplitude are reached in the winter period. The field-intensity maximum in the first half of the day (09:00–11:00 LT) is characteristic of the urban environment and shows that local effects associated with the presence of aerosol particles in the air significantly contribute to the formation of diurnal variation, especially in summer. According to the 2013–2018 measurements, the seasonal variation in the monthly-average values of the atmospheric electric field is revealed and analyzed compared with the results of measurements of seasonal variation in other regions of the globe. The obtained results allow one to reveal the role of local effects in the formation of diurnal variation in the mid-latitude areas with temperate continental climate and provide a basis for developing a theory which can explain the physical mechanisms of local effects and suggest appropriate parametrization for finding the surface electric field in the weather and climate models

Synaptic terminal density early in the course of schizophrenia: an in vivo UCB-J positron emission tomographic imaging study of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2a).

BACKGROUND: The synaptic hypothesis is an influential theory of the pathoaetiology of schizophrenia. Supporting this, there is lower uptake of the synaptic terminal density marker UCB-J in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared to controls. However, it is unclear whether these differences are present early in the illness. To address this, we investigated [11C]UCB-J volume of distribution (VT) in antipsychotic-naïve/free patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) recruited from first-episode services compared to healthy volunteers (HV). METHODS: Forty-two volunteers (SCZ n = 21, HV n = 21) underwent [11C]UCB-J positron emission tomography to index [11C]UCB-J VT and distribution volume ratio (DVR) in the anterior cingulate, frontal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, hippocampus, thalamus and amygdala. Symptom severity was assessed in the SCZ group using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: We found no significant effects of group on [11C]UCB-J VT or DVR in most regions of interest (effect sizes from d=0.0 to 0.7, p>0.05), other than lower DVR in the temporal lobe (d=0.7, uncorrected p<0.05) and lower VT/fp in the anterior cingulate cortex in patients (d=0.7, uncorrected p<0.05). PANSS total score was negatively associated with [11C]UCB-J VT in the hippocampus in the SCZ group (r =-0.48, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that large differences in synaptic terminal density are not present early in schizophrenia, although there may be more subtle effects. When taken with prior evidence of lower [11C]UCB-J VT in patients with chronic illness, this may indicate synaptic density changes during the course of schizophrenia

ASSOCIATIONS OF POLYMORPHISMS IN CYTOKINE GENES WITH THE INFECTIOUS GENESIS Of RECCURENT MISCARRIAGE

The associations of polymorphisms in cytokine genes with the infectious form recurrent miscarriage were investigated. Have established, that at the women a genotype AA of a gene TNFA (rs1800629) and combination of genotypes *1/*1 genes IL1RN and GG of a gene IL6 (rs1800795) are involved in pathogenesis recurrent miscarriage

THE ASSOCIATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE TO XENOAND ENDOBIOTIKS AND THEIRS BIOTRANSFORMATION ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE FETUS

The correlation between immune response to benzo(a)pyrene and progesterone in combination with detoxification enzyme gene polymorphism (CYPIA2*1F and GSTTI) and the occurrence of congenital malformations of the fetus was revealed. It is shown that at high ratio of IgA-antibodies to benzo(a)pyrene and to progesterone in conjunction with the mutant allele of the gene CYPIA2*1F and the deletion genotype of the gene GSTTI chance of the reproductive pathology developing increases to 41 times

An analysis-ready and quality controlled resource for pediatric brain white-matter research

We created a set of resources to enable research based on openly-available diffusion MRI (dMRI) data from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) study. First, we curated the HBN dMRI data (N = 2747) into the Brain Imaging Data Structure and preprocessed it according to best-practices, including denoising and correcting for motion effects, susceptibility-related distortions, and eddy currents. Preprocessed, analysis-ready data was made openly available. Data quality plays a key role in the analysis of dMRI. To optimize QC and scale it to this large dataset, we trained a neural network through the combination of a small data subset scored by experts and a larger set scored by community scientists. The network performs QC highly concordant with that of experts on a held out set (ROC-AUC = 0.947). A further analysis of the neural network demonstrates that it relies on image features with relevance to QC. Altogether, this work both delivers resources to advance transdiagnostic research in brain connectivity and pediatric mental health, and establishes a novel paradigm for automated QC of large datasets

Diagnosis and treatment of cough in children

Cough is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and may be one of the manifestations of the respiratory tract pathology and various extrapulmonary diseases. Given the diversity of causes of cough, the individualized approach to differential diagnosis and rational purpose of antitussive therapy is required. Agents of plant origin used in the treatment of cough, differ in composition, mechanism of action, forms of production; their modern production must be accompanied by strict control of collection, storage and processing of raw materials. The syrup Eucabal has an expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bactericidal activity by increasing the activity of ciliated epithelium of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, reducing hypersecretion, liquefying the phlegm and accelerating its evacuation