Cosmologia e atividades investigativas no Ensino Médio: um estudo sobre efeitos dessa abordagem sobre a aprendizagem dos estudantes

Nessa dissertação adota-se a perspectiva do ensino por investigação como base para estruturação de uma Sequência Didática sobre Cosmologia e Física Moderna e Contemporânea para o ensino médio. Objetiva-se a compreensão de como a utilização desta abordagem contribui para o aprendizado das distintas tipologias de conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais dos estudantes por meio do compartilhamento de conhecimento em sala de aula. A pesquisa que tem caráter qualitativo, orientada pela perspectiva da pesquisa-ação crítico-colaborativa, foi desenvolvida a partir de uma intervenção educacional realizada na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio do município de Vitória-ES no ano de 2014 e envolveu os 134 alunos da segunda série matriculados no turno vespertino. Dentro da proposta de Sequência Didática foi desenvolvido um texto sobre Cosmologia para suporte conceitual, material de mídia para uso nas aulas expositivo-dialogadas e três propostas de atividades investigativas. Os dados que subsidiaram as análises foram produzidos por meio de atividades investigativas e de representação do Universo, um diário de campo e um questionário de opinião respondido pelos alunos. Os resultados apontam para uma evolução no nível de generalização dos estudantes na formação dos conceitos científicos associados à Cosmologia, além de apresentarem indícios de que os estudantes adquiriram procedimentos relacionados à organização, estratégias, inferências e sistematização, ao elaborarem o plano de investigação na tentativa de solução para o problema proposto. Com relação à aprendizagem de atitudes dos alunos mudanças como, o respeito ao colega e o trabalho em equipe, a autonomia e criticidade na busca pela solução das atividades apresentadas, foram evidenciadas. Dessa forma, é possível vislumbrar potencialidades na adoção da perspectiva do Ensino por Investigação para abordagem dos tópicos de Cosmologia para inserção da Física Moderna e Contemporânea no ensino médio de maneira dinâmica e contextualizada, possibilitando aos estudantes momentos de maior discussão, aprendizado e engajamento no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Palavras-chaves: Ensino por Investigação. Cosmologia. Física Moderna e Contemporânea. Aprendizagem Conceitual, Atitudinal e Procedimental

'A good fit?' Bringing the Sociology of Footwear to the Clinical Encounter in Podiatry Services : A Narrative Review

Background: This narrative review explores the ways in which drawing on theories and methods used in sociological work on footwear and identity can contribute to healthcare research with podiatrists and their patients, highlighting recent research in this field, implications for practice and potential areas for future development. Traditionally, research within Podiatry Services has tended to adopt a quantitative, positivist focus, developing separately from a growing body of sociological work exploring the importance of shoes in constructing identity and self-image. Bringing qualitative research drawing on sociological theory and methods to the clinical encounter has real potential to increase our understanding of patient values, motivations and – crucially – any barriers to adopting ‘healthier’ footwear that they may encounter. Such work can help practitioners to understand why patients may resist making changes to their footwear practices, and help us to devise new ways for practitioners to explore and ultimately break down individual barriers to change (including their own preconceptions as practitioners). This, in turn, may lead to long-term, sustainable changes to footwear practices and improvements in foot health for those with complex health conditions and the wider population. Conclusion: A recognition of the complex links between shoes and identity is opening up space for discussion of patient resistance to footwear changes, and paving the way for future research in this field beyond the temporary ‘moment’ of the clinical encounter

GC-FID METHODOLOGY VALIDATION FOR THE FATTY ESTERS CONTENT DETERMINATION IN BIODIESEL WITH HEXADECYL ACETATE AS THE INTERNAL STANDARD

Biodiesel purity expressed as fatty esters content is one of its most important quality parameters. Although several instrumental methods have been employed, gas chromatography with internal standard calibration has been the most used. Biodiesel is a very complex matrix, therefore finding a suitable internal standard (IS) is not straightforward. EN14103:2003 standard established methyl heptadecanoate (C17:0) as IS. Since this fatty ester is naturally present in some biodiesel feedstock as tallow, that standard was reviewed in 2011, and methyl nonadecanoate (C19:0) became the new IS. In turn, C19:0 produces a peak on the chromatogram that is difficult to resolve from methyl linoeate (C18:2) and metyl linolenate (C18:3) ones. In this paper, a GC-FID method for the determination of the esters content in methyl and ethyl biodiesel from canola and soy oils, using hexadecyl acetate as a new internal standard was validated. EN14103:2003 was used as reference method. Method selectivity, accuracy (t student parameter < 2.18 from both methods), repeatability (0.1 - 0.4%), intermediate precision (0.2 - 1.8%), and robustness (0.1 - 1.6%) were investigated and considered appropriate for the scope

GC-FID METHODOLOGY VALIDATION FOR THE FATTY ESTERS CONTENT DETERMINATION IN BIODIESEL WITH HEXADECYL ACETATE AS THE INTERNAL STANDARD

<p></p><p>Biodiesel purity expressed as fatty esters content is one of its most important quality parameters. Although several instrumental methods have been employed, gas chromatography with internal standard calibration has been the most used. Biodiesel is a very complex matrix, therefore finding a suitable internal standard (IS) is not straightforward. EN14103:2003 standard established methyl heptadecanoate (C17:0) as IS. Since this fatty ester is naturally present in some biodiesel feedstock as tallow, that standard was reviewed in 2011, and methyl nonadecanoate (C19:0) became the new IS. In turn, C19:0 produces a peak on the chromatogram that is difficult to resolve from methyl linoeate (C18:2) and metyl linolenate (C18:3) ones. In this paper, a GC-FID method for the determination of the esters content in methyl and ethyl biodiesel from canola and soy oils, using hexadecyl acetate as a new internal standard was validated. EN14103:2003 was used as reference method. Method selectivity, accuracy (t student parameter < 2.18 from both methods), repeatability (0.1 - 0.4%), intermediate precision (0.2 - 1.8%), and robustness (0.1 - 1.6%) were investigated and considered appropriate for the scope.</p><p></p