Substitutes for Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange in the Titration of Fixed and Half-Bound Co2

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Characteristics of torque production of the lower limb are significantly altered after 2 hours of treadmill load carriage

Load carriage is seldom completed in isolation, meaning load bearers need to be physically capable of physical activity after the load carriage task. This study aims to examine changes in lower limb muscle strength, as measured by torque production across a range of joint angles as a result of prolonged load carriage. Thirty-four healthy participants underwent two hours of loaded or unloaded treadmill load carriage, with lower limb muscle function variables assessed pre and post activity. The loaded group had a mass of (Mean(range)) 76.45 (27.12)kg, stature: 178.56 (17.63)cm, age: 23(6)yrs, and comprised of 13 males and 3 females. While the unloaded group had a body mass of 73.69(24.19)kg, stature: 178.89(18.49)cm, age: 22(5)yrs and comprised of 14 males and 4 females. Significant reductions across a range of parameters were observed. Characterised by reductions at the optimum muscle length for torque output, with all aspects demonstrating large (knee extension at 180˚·s-1: 0.51 Standardised SD, knee extnsion at 60˚·s-1: 0.98 standardised SD) or extremely large individual differences (knee flexion at 180˚·s-1: 2.17 standardised SD). These findings suggest after the completion of the load carriage task participants are in a significantly reduced physical state, which may have implications for secondary tasks

Use of DNA Barcoding Combined with PCR-SFLP to Authenticate Species in Bison Meat Products

American bison (Bison bison) meat is susceptible to species mislabeling due to its high value and similar appearance to meat from domestic cattle (Bos taurus). DNA barcoding is commonly used to identify animal species. However, as a result of the historical hybridization of American bison and domestic cattle, additional genetic testing is required for species confirmation. The objective of this study was to perform a market survey of bison meat products and verify the species using DNA barcoding combined with polymerase chain reaction-satellite fragment length polymorphism (PCR-SFLP). Bison products (n = 45) were purchased from a variety of retailers. Samples that were positive for domestic cattle with DNA barcoding were further analyzed with PCR-SFLP. DNA barcoding identified bison in 41 products, red deer (Cervus elaphus) in one product, and domestic cattle in three products. PCR-SFLP confirmed the identification of domestic cattle in two samples, while the third sample was identified as bison with ancestral cattle DNA. Overall, mislabeling was detected in 3 of the 45 samples (6.7%). This study revealed that additional DNA testing of species that have undergone historical hybridization provides improved identification results compared to DNA barcoding alone

The Future U.S. Military Presence in Asia: Landpower and the Geostrategy of American Commitment

The United States strategic framework in the Pacific has three parts: peacetime engagement, as described above, which includes a forward presence; crisis response, which builds on forward-stationed forces, the boots-on-the ground and, if necessary, fighting and winning any conflict that might develop. The mechanisms to carry out this strategic framework are embedded in the regular contacts and engagement activities that the United States carries out with friends and allies in the region. What the future will look like in Asia will be determined largely on what happens on the Korean Peninsula. It could be changed by such eventualities as a resurgent, expansionist, or nationalistic Russia. But the dialogue that is taking place among strategists in Seoul and Tokyo needs to be broadened to include the United States. It also must become a public debate. The tyranny of distance requires a United States military presence, and the governments of Korea and Japan must involve their own voters in a civil debate, setting forth the case for a new security structure. This is important not only for domestic political reasons in Asia, but because the American people need to know that there is a civil debate about the subject among their allies, and that the alliances that have kept Asia safe, peaceful and prosperous for 55 years are still useful, welcome, and healthy.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1847/thumbnail.jp

Honorable John D. Clifford, Jr. A Memoir by His Three Law Clerks

The domain over which United States District Judge John D. Clifford, Jr. presided from 1947 until his death in 1956 was very different from what it is today. Anyone could walk into the federal courthouse in Portland. Security guards were unknown, and lawyers, litigants, and passers-by were free to come and go. A leisurely air pervaded all the court offices. There was no hurry. This was an era when there were only two lawyers in the United States Attorney\u27s office: the United States Attorney and his one assistant

QUANTIFYING CRITICAL FEATURES OF UNDERWATER STROKE TECHNIQUE IN FREESTYLE SWIMMING

The purpose of this study was to establish methods for accurately quantifying the time of entry, catch and release in freestyle swimming. The methods allow ready data collection, digitising and analysis without recourse to expensive cameras and diglising equipment thereby enabling analysis by coaches as well as biomechanists. Interpolation procedures to improve the accuracy of estimating the time of occurrence of the events were developed

A 4-week resistance training intervention improves stability, strength and neuromuscular activity in the lower limb: a case study of a cerebral palsy adult

Spastic diplegia, a form of cerebral palsy, is a neurological disorder that results in some degree of spasticity. It is often associated with impairment of both normal and selective movement of the lower limbs, and some degree of muscular weakness. Resistance training is an established exercise intervention with numerous neurological benefits. Evidence suggests that resistance training can positively improve stability in young populations with cerebral palsy. However, little research exists in adult populations, who are at greater risk of inactivity due to ageing and an increase in sedentarism. A single-subject (aged 35-years old, 150.5 centimetres, 81 kilograms) case-study was therefore carried out to investigate the effectiveness of a 4-week resistance training intervention on stability, neuromuscular activity and force output in a male adult with cerebral palsy. The variables measured were total centre of pressure displacement, peak torque in both the quadriceps and hamstrings and Surface Electromyography (sEMG) activity in the Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Biceps Femoris (BF) and Semitendinosus (ST). The results demonstrated that a 4-week resistance training intervention reduced total centre of pressure displacement (-51.34%) whilst concomitantly increased sEMG output (RF left +80% right +22%, VL left +160% right +26%, BF left +203% right +44%, ST left +40% right +90%) and peak torque values (right leg extension -7%, right leg flexion +29%, left leg extension +11%, left leg flexion +42%). In conclusion, this case study demonstrates that a 4-week resistance training intervention improves the stability of the participant, possibly through neurological adaptations and improvements to lower limb strength