7,497 research outputs found
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Brewers' Spent Grain Arabinoxylans
Brewers´ spent grain (BSG) is a by-product from beer industry that can be exploited as a source of
arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) with prebiotic activity. In this study, microwave-assisted extractions were
performed during 2 min at 140-210°Cin order to evaluate the feasibility of this extraction technology for quantitative
extraction of the arabinoxylans (AX) or AXOS from BSG. The AX yield increasedwith the increase of the temperature
in the range used. The best condition of extraction of the AXwas 210 ºC during 2 min, allowing the extraction of 43%
of total AX. These AX showed structural variability which allow to define specific types of compounds for different
applications and uses depending on the extraction conditions used
Modelling the kinetics of thermal inactivation of apple polyphenoloxidase
The enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables caused by mechanical injury during postharvest storage or processing is initiated by the catalytic action of polyphenoloxidase (PPO). A bleaching
treatment prior to processing is still considered mostly effective in inhibiting the catalytic activity of PPO,
and thus controlling undesirable enzymatic browning. In this work, different mathematical routines were
assessed in terms of their adequacy to describe the thermal inactivation of PPO from Golden apples over a
range of temperatures from 62.5 to 72.5 ºC. The classical approach to kinetic modelling of the decay activity
of apple PPO, commonly reported to follow a first-order model, employs a two-step procedure, in which the
model parameters are individually obtained, by each temperature studied, using non-linear or linear
regressions. Thereafter, the estimated parameters are further used to calculate their temperature dependence.
Alternatively, a one-step method provides a regression fit to all experimental data sets, with the temperature
dependence equation being directly built in the kinetic model. This fitting technique thus, (a) avoids the
estimation of intermediate parameters and, (b) substantially increases the degrees of freedom and hence the
precision of parameters’ estimates. Within this issue was further explored the logarithmic transformation of
the mathematical equations used on the adequacy of the model to describe experimental data. In all cases
non-weighted least-squares regression procedures were used. Both the examination and criticism of the
current modelling strategies were done by assessing statistical data obtained, such as the confidence intervals
of the estimates, correlation coefficients, sum of squares, and residuals normality
The Challenges of Strategic Human Resources Management in Southeast Asian Universities
Nowadays the Higher Education Institutions face major challenges in its development.
Demanding from different actors and the orientation of the research, more oriented to
innovation and value creation, request news capacities to answer to that.
Southeast Asia shows a strong economic growth with a large increase in GDP and a
growing improvement in the position of The Human Development Index promoted by United
Nations.
This reality creates a different pressure on the higher education institutions in southeast Asia
that requires a change in the universities, in the way they implement the mission and in the
requested capacities, specially the human resources capacities.
In this way, a new paradigm and model of human resources management for southeast
higher education institutions need be developed to create the conditions to answer to this
new reality, where the main analysis variables will be talent, performance, motivation and
retention, coaching, cross cultural, integrity and permanent adaptability and flexibility.
The main objective of this communication is to reflect and contextualize in terms of
theoretical models where we find the assumptions for the implementation of strategic human
resources management for southeast Asian universities.
What kind of profile is request for the staff in this new reality?
What we need to change in human resources management?
How can this change be implemented?
What HRM tools are most relevant to this reality?
These are the main issues on which we will reflect with a critical thinking approach in order
to present a set of clues to southeast Asian universities according to our analysis and
interpretation, as Portuguese and European
Impact of the valley degree of freedom on the control of donor electrons near a Si/SiO_2 interface
We analyze the valley composition of one electron bound to a shallow donor
close to a Si/barrier interface as a function of an applied electric field. A
full six-valley effective mass model Hamiltonian is adopted. For low fields,
the electron ground state is essentially confined at the donor. At high fields
the ground state is such that the electron is drawn to the interface, leaving
the donor practically ionized. Valley splitting at the interface occurs due to
the valley-orbit coupling, V_vo^I = |V_vo^I| e^{i theta}. At intermediate
electric fields, close to a characteristic shuttling field, the electron states
may constitute hybridized states with valley compositions different from the
donor and the interface ground states. The full spectrum of energy levels shows
crossings and anti-crossings as the field varies. The degree of level
repulsion, thus the width of the anti-crossing gap, depends on the relative
valley compositions, which vary with |V_vo^I|, theta and the interface-donor
distance. We focus on the valley configurations of the states involved in the
donor-interface tunneling process, given by the anti-crossing of the three
lowest eigenstates. A sequence of two anti-crossings takes place and the
complex phase theta affects the symmetries of the eigenstates and level
anti-crossing gaps. We discuss the implications of our results on the practical
manipulation of donor electrons in Si nanostructures.Comment: 8 pages, including 5 figures. v2: Minor clarifying changes in the
text and figures. Change of title. As published in PR
A prospective study demonstrating improved visualization when capsule endoscopy is performed after preparation with polyethylene glycol and ascorbic acid
Capsule endoscopy is used increasingly to obtain images of the gastrointestinal tract, yet it still remains unclear what is the best preparation for this type of exploration. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the results of capsule endoscopy explorations performed after a basic preparation with a clear liquid diet, reduced iron intake and fasting or following preparation with a PEG/ascorbate solution. The results obtained from a prospective intervention group that used a PEG/ascorbate solution to prepare for capsule endoscopy were compared with those from a retrospective group of patients who followed the more basic preparation. The quality of visualization was assessed with the Park score, assessing visualization of the mucosal surface and the cleanliness of the intestinal lumen. The capsule transit time in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract was also evaluated. A significant improvement in the quality of small intestine visualization was observed in individuals prepared with the PEG/ascorbate solution as opposed to the basic preparation. Indeed, there were significant differences in the two separate components that contribute to the overall visualization score, with better mucosa visualization and lumen content scores in the intervention group, reflecting improved performance. The presence of diabetes appears to affect the results of these explorations, at least when employing the PEG/ascorbate preparation. As such, preparation with a PEG/ascorbate solution improves the results of capsule endoscopy when compared to a basic preparation, without the inconvenience of the more stringent preparations used for colonoscopies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Theory of one and two donors in Silicon
We provide here a roadmap for modeling silicon nano-devices with one or two
group V donors (D). We discuss systems containing one or two electrons, that
is, D^0, D^-, D_2^+ and D_2^0 centers. The impact of different levels of
approximation is discussed. The most accurate instances -- for which we provide
quantitative results -- are within multivalley effective mass including the
central cell correction and a configuration interaction account of the
electron-electron correlations. We also derive insightful, yet less accurate,
analytical approximations and discuss their validity and limitations -- in
particular, for a donor pair, we discuss the single orbital LCAO method, the
Huckel approximation and the Hubbard model. Finally we discuss the connection
between these results and recent experiments on few dopant devices.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Watermelon stomach seen by wireless‐capsule endoscopy
Endoscopy. 2003 Jan;35(1):100.
Watermelon stomach seen by wireless-capsule endoscopy.
Mascarenhas-Saraiva M, Lopes L, Mascarenhas-Saraiva A.
SourceDigestive Endoscopy and Motility Unit, Trindade Hospital, Rua Trinidade 115, 4000-541 Porto, Portugal. [email protected]
PMID:12510242[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Ionic liquids: A pharmaceutical perspective
In the last decades, ionic liquids (ILs) progressed from chemical curiosities to interesting biological compounds apprehending the attention of researchers of distinct areas, from chemistry to pharmacology. Initially, ILs were explored as materials for diverse applications due to the possibility of synthesize compounds with targeted chemical properties combined with selected physical properties. More recently, the emergence of ILs with biological activity revolutionized the scientific focus of these compounds and opened interesting perspectives regarding their pharmaceutical application. From the pharmaceutical point of view, an IL approach, in the design of novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), appears to be appropriate as it enables the chemical manipulation of the compounds with specific objectives related with the manufacturing process, the stability of the formulation, bioavailability and eventual adverse effects. Furthermore, even though crystallinity confers advantages during isolation, processing and storage of the drug, it is known that solid forms of APIs often suffer from low solubility and polymorphic conversion which can influence negatively the bioavailability of the drug and ultimately its therapeutic effect. On a distinct perspective, the possibility of engineering the properties of ILs by manipulating anion-cation combinations, in association with their solvent properties and in some cases water-miscibility, are considered promising characteristics regarding the applicability of ILs as solvents or carriers of pharmaceutical drugs. In this chapter it is intended to expose the pharmaceutical potential of ILs through the discussion of their utilization either as APIs or solvents/carriers of pharmaceutical drugs. The discussion will be centered on the benefits of the IL approach for the development of novel drug candidates considering not only physico-chemical aspects but also the pharmaceutical profile of the developed active pharmaceutical ingredients with IL properties. Considering the utilization of ILs as solvents of drugs or as part of drug delivery systems, it is anticipated that the discussion will be focused on the efficiency and toxicity of the systems and on their influence on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the vehiculated drugs. It is also planned to debate the motivations for the pharmaceutical usage of ILs as well as their peculiar properties that launched them in this context. Currently, the pharmaceutical utilization of ILs is one of the most relevant applications of these solvents, with impact on the safety and effectiveness of the involved processes and with benefits in terms of pharmaceutical formulations and pharmacological activity. It is our belief that this chapter is adequate for the book in project and can greatly enhance its acceptance and interest by readers in distinct research areas
The Expression of Chemokines Is Downregulated in a Pre-Clinical Model of TTR V30M Amyloidosis
Inflammation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders including hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). ATTRv is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR) aggregates and fibrils, particularly in nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Nerve biopsies from ATTRv patients show increased cytokine production, but interestingly no immune inflammatory cellular infiltrate is observed around TTR aggregates. Here we show that as compared to Wild Type (WT) animals, the expression of several chemokines is highly downregulated in the peripheral nervous system of a mouse model of the disease. Interestingly, we found that stimulation of mouse Schwann cells (SCs) with WT TTR results in the secretion of several chemokines, a process that is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In contrast, the secretion of all tested chemokines is compromised upon stimulation of SCs with mutant TTR (V30M), suggesting that V30M TTR fails to activate TLR4 signaling. Altogether, our data shed light into a previously unappreciated mechanism linking TTR activation of SCs and possibly underlying the lack of inflammatory response observed in the peripheral nervous system of ATTRv patients.The work was funded by the project Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000008 - Porto Neurosciences and Neurologic Disease Research Initiative at I3S, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). JM was supported by FCT with a PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/129345/2017. MS is funded by FCT through Estı́mulo Individual ao Emprego Cientı́fico
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