Function and Language Influence as a Tool of Communication in Islamic Dakwah

Tulisan ini berkaitan dengan bahasa dan dakwah yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa dan bagaimana fungsi dan pengaruh bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi terhadap kesuksesan dakwah Islam. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan tentang apa yang dimaksud di atas, karena bahasa dan dakwah saling berkaitan dan tidak bisa dipisahkan satu sama lain karena bahasa merupakan anugerah Ilahi yang di gunakan manusia untuk berinteraksi dalam kehidupannya termasuk berdakwah.Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa: (l) Baik bahasa verbal maupun non verbal mempunyai fungsi yang sangat penting dalam dakwah Islam. Bahasa verbal berfungsi sebagai wahana pengenal, wahana interaksi sosial dalam kegiatan dakwah bi al-lisan dan bi al-qalam serta bi al-hal. Sedangkan bahasa non verbal berfungsi sebagai wahana pengenal, wahana interaksi sosial, sebagai pengganti dan pelengkap yang memperjelas bahasa verbal dalam kegiatan dakwah bi al-hal dan dakwah lewat lukisan. (2) Kesuksesan sebuah dakwah juga banyak dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan bahasa. Dengan bahasa yang lemah lembut/sopan, baik dan benar disertai tinggi rendahnya intonasi yang sesuai, insya Allah akan membawa kepada dakwah yang sukses. Sebaliknya dengan bahasa yang kasar dan intonasi yang terlalu tinggi, akan membawa kepada kegagalan sebuah dakwah. (3). Salah satu contoh dakwah lewat tulisan yang hingga kini masih berpengaruh di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan ini adalah dakwah Sheikh Yusuf al-Makassary lewat karya-karya mistik religious beliau sebagai salah seorang pembaharu dalam dunia mistik Islam

Effect of the Mechanical and Thermal Stresses of Rotating Blades

Rotating blades are the important parts in gas turbines. Hence, an accurate mathematical estimation (F.E.M) of the stresses and deformations characteristics was required in the design applications to avoid failure. In recent years there are researchers interest in the effect of temperature on solid bodies has greatly increased, The main of this study investigated the thermal and rotational effects. So, the thermal stresses due to high pressure and temperature are studies, also determine the steady state stresses and deformations of rotating blades due to mechanical effect. Many parameters such as thickness and centre of rotating are investigated in this paper. The study results can ensure good recommendation for the effect of the mechanical and thermal stresses of rotary blades

Comparative study on the effectiveness acetaminophen and diclofenac on pretreatment in the relief of pain after out-patient surgery

The aim of this study is to evaluate and quantify the pain relief after minor surgery when certain analgesics are used before surgery. Double blind study was conducted on 300 outpatient surgery patients who were allocated into two groups. Before surgery, 100 mg of acetaminophen was given to one group and 75 mg of diclofenac to the other one. The pain level after surgery was measured and recorded in both groups by a ruler 10 cm using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) method at intervals of 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after surgery. Also for the patients with VAS more than 7, it was recommended to administer IM 50-100 mg teramadole ampoule. Mean VAS in acetaminophen group was 5.28±1.17, 5.17 ±1.04, 4.47±1.05±, 3.97±1.09 while, in diclofenac group was 5.09±1.10, 5.10±1.024.27±1.05 and 3/73±1.07 at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h after surgery, respectively. In fact there was no significant difference in pain level after surgery between acetaminophen and diclofenac groups (p>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of pain relief induced by administering tramadol calmative ampoule along with acetaminophen and diclofenac groups (p>0.05). Acetaminophen results in as effective pain relief as diclofenac with or without tramadol calmative. Due to minimal side effects of acetaminophen when compared to other analgesics, like diclofenac, it is recommended to use acetaminophen for safe and efficient pain relief after outpatients surgeries

Novel approaches of E. coli O157: H7 decontamination.

Researchers in the area of microbiological meat safety, in an attempt to reduce beef carcass contamination, try carcass-washing treatments as an effective method to control pathogenic bacteria. Spray wash treatments utilizing 3 concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2%) of acetic, lactic, propionic and formic acids were performed to evaluate their efficacy in reducing numbers of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on meat tissues at 4±1°C. The meat was decontaminated with hot water and then inoculated with E. coli O157: H7, which then was spray washed with organic acids for 15 sec separately. The population of E. coli O157: H7 significantly (p1.5% concentration >1% concentration. Mean log reductions of E. coli O157: H7showed that the antibacterial effect of formic acid >lactic acid >acetic acid >propionic acid. The results of this study also indicated that formic acid is a good antibacterial agent for decontaminating animals carcass surfaces

The health and toxic adverse effects of Fusarium fungal mycotoxin, fumonisins, on human population.

Problem statements: Fumonisin was a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in various foods and feeds. They occurred worldwide and were found predominantly in corn and in corn-based animal feeds and also can be found in other crops. Contamination of food and feed with fumonisins has been implicated in and associated with a number of diseases in both livestock as well as human beings. Approach: A review was done on the effect of fumonisins on animal and human and detoxification method for the prevention. ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google and Yahoo were used in the preparation of this review. Results: This review clarified that the major forms of fumonisins found in food were the B series, fumonisin B1, B2 and B3. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was the most common and the most thoroughly studied. FB1 caused toxicities in animals including Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), Porcine Pulmonary Edema (PPE) in pigs and nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rats. Furthermore, FB1 had been implicated to be associated with high rates of human esophageal cancer. In addition to their natural occurrence in corn-based animal feeds and in home-grown corn used for food, fumonisins were frequently found in commercial corn-based foods. Methods for prevention and detoxification for fumonisins included prevention of plants contamination at the field level and harvest and post-harvest control of fumonisins. Furthermore, the diseases occurred in livestock will pose the additional economic losses in livestock farmers. Conclusion: Due to economic losses engendered by fumonisin, several strategies for detoxifying and preventing contaminated foods and feeds had been described in the literature including physical and biological process. However these methods still in demonstrated. Awareness of fumonisin-related animal diseases, contamination of fumonisin in foods and feeds and adherence to guidance recommendation in prevention methods were important for reducing fumonisin-induced diseases in agriculturally important species

Fishery, reproductive biology and stock status of the largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 off Karnataka, south-west coast of India

Ribbonfish fishery along Karnataka Coast is supported by a single species, the largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus. The species is exploited mainly by trawls and gillnets and during 2007-2012, production from Karnataka fluctuated between 11090 and 28845 t. The asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and age at zero length (t0) for T. lepturus were estimated as 116.75, 0.65 yr-1 and -0.171 respectively. Recruitment showed a bimodal pattern with peaks during March to June and August to December. Total mortality, fishing mortality and natural mortality were estimated at 3.32 yr-1, 2.41 yr-1 and 0.91 yr-1 respectively. The length at first capture (L50) and size at first maturity (Lm50%) were estimated at 54.91 cm and 55.4 cm respectively. Mean length in the catch was 67cm indicating that the fishery was sustained by mature fishes. However, the current exploitation rate (E) is 0.73 which is little higher than E0.1 (0.70). As ribbonfish is an r selected, tropical species with a very high fecundity, SSB of 20% would help to maintain the fishery at sustainable levels and hence it is advisable to reduce the effort by 20%. Thompson and Bell bioeconomic analysis showed that the present level of exploitation can maintain the revenue from the fishery at economic level

The clinical and environmental spread and diversity of toxigenic Clostridium difficile diarrhea in the region of the Middle East.

Stool samples of 1822 hospitalized patients with nosocomial diarrhea and 100 environmental samples were collected at three teaching hospitals and PCR amplification of rRNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) was conducted. Bacterial cytotoxicity was assayed by conducting three assays namely toxigenic culture on vero cells, stool cytotoxin, and enzyme immunoassay. ISR was carried out using two universal primers complementary to conserved regions in the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. It was found that the toxigenic culture, stool cytotoxin and enzyme immunoassay showed close rates of detection of toxigenic C. difficile, 124, 121, and 122 /1822 (6.8, 6.64., and 6.7%) respectively. In addition, 32 different ribotypes for toxigenic C. difficile were detected, 28 in clinical and 6 in environmental isolates. The predominant ribotypes from the clinical isolates were 13-15, 35.6%, of isolates. Ribotypes were associated with age, location of isolation, and severity of symptoms of clostridial diarrhea (P<0.05). Ribotypes 6-9 affected children only. The most common ribotype of C. difficile , no. 13, as well as ribotypes 16, 20, and 4 covered almost the whole range of severity of symptoms. Ribotypes 21-27, 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 19 caused mild-moderate CDAD symptoms while ribotypes 5, 10 8, 12, 15, 17, and 28 were dominantly of severe symptoms (P<0.05). Environmental isolates showed 17% toxigenic strains composed of 4 different ribotypes while ribotypes 5 was shared with clinical isolates. These findings showed that C. difficile associated with diarrhea were genetically diverse and linked to environmental strains

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) : a potential source of high-value components for functional foods and nutraceuticals - a review

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a herbal plant, belonging to the family Apiceae, is valued for its culinary and medicinal uses. All parts of this herb are in use as flavoring agent and/or as traditional remedies for the treatment of different disorders in the folk medicine systems of different civilizations. The plant is a potential source of lipids (rich in petroselinic acid) and an essential oil (high in linalool) isolated from the seeds and the aerial parts. Due to the presence of a multitude of bioactives, a wide array of pharmacological activities have been ascribed to different parts of this herb, which include anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anxiolytic, anti-epileptic, anti-depressant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-dyslipidemic, anti-hypertensive, neuro-protective and diuretic. Interestingly, coriander also possessed lead-detoxifying potential. This review focuses on the medicinal uses, detailed phytochemistry, and the biological activities of this valuable herb to explore its potential uses as a functional food for the nutraceutical industry

Rapid development of optimized recombinant adenoviral vaccines for biosafety level 4 viruses

This thesis describes the production of adenovirus-based vaccines containing codon-optimized genes from Nipah virus and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus. Genes encoding envelope proteins from Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Nipah Virus were codon-optimized for translation in human cells and constructed using a modified method of non-gapped gene synthesis, while the entire M segment encoding the glycoprotein precursor for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus was commercially synthesized. Genes were cloned into recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 and the resulting viral particles were amplified, titred and analyzed for in vivo efficacy. Results show that a modified method of non-gapped gene synthesis is an effective and efficient method of producing antigen-encoded DNA and at a fraction of the cost and time required for commercial synthesis. Furthermore, adenovirus-based vaccines induce both cellular and humoral immune responses providing for a highly efficacious vaccine during potential disease outbreaks, where time to completion is of utmost importance. This study has shown that recombinant adenoviral vaccines for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and Nipah virus can be produced rapidly and efficiently from virtual DNA sequence to optimized recombinant vaccines in just eight months.October 201