Green Buildings on The Egyptian Coast: Prospects and Obstacles

Egypt\u27s 2030 Sustainable Development Strategy seeks to add 140 million people to the nation\u27s population by 2050. This expands the built environment, which raises the demand for energy and natural resources. Due to the current extreme weather conditions and advancements in construction technology, which have contributed to the squandering of natural resources. The need for comfort inside structures has grown pressing among residents. nonetheless, without raising prices or diminishing resources.Recent years have seen a rise in the use of the term green building (GB) due to the fact that it provides workable solutions to pressing global concerns like the depletion of energy and water resources and problems with the buildup of waste. The variables affecting the spread of GB on the Egyptian coast are looked at in this research, along with an overview of GB assessment methods.Since Egypt leads the region in construction technology, the findings of this study are practically applicable to every nation in North Africa. Many studies have attempted to categorise the challenges that globally sustainable development programmes confront. This study will discuss Egypt\u27s challenges as well as the rise of green structures there. Additionally, it will draw attention to problems with GB practises all throughout Egypt, but particularly in coastal regions. This covers obstacles and forces that aid in the planning of global factors for green projects

Green Buildings on The Egyptian Coast: Prospects and Obstacles

Egypt\u27s 2030 Sustainable Development Strategy seeks to add 140 million people to the nation\u27s population by 2050. This expands the built environment, which raises the demand for energy and natural resources. Due to the current extreme weather conditions and advancements in construction technology, which have contributed to the squandering of natural resources. The need for comfort inside structures has grown pressing among residents. nonetheless, without raising prices or diminishing resources.Recent years have seen a rise in the use of the term green building (GB) due to the fact that it provides workable solutions to pressing global concerns like the depletion of energy and water resources and problems with the buildup of waste. The variables affecting the spread of GB on the Egyptian coast are looked at in this research, along with an overview of GB assessment methods.Since Egypt leads the region in construction technology, the findings of this study are practically applicable to every nation in North Africa. Many studies have attempted to categorise the challenges that globally sustainable development programmes confront. This study will discuss Egypt\u27s challenges as well as the rise of green structures there. Additionally, it will draw attention to problems with GB practises all throughout Egypt, but particularly in coastal regions. This covers obstacles and forces that aid in the planning of global factors for green projects

PLEIOTROPIC ROLE OF SIMVASTATIN AND ALENDRONATE ON MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Objectives: Previously, our research group has investigated the effect of alendronate (ALN) and simvastatin (SV) in their minimum inhibitory dose (IC50) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line where inhibition of angiogenesis has been demonstrated. In the present study, we further investigate the effect of the previously calculated IC50 of SV and ALN and their combination on two different types of stem cells to show that the same drug may have different effects on different cells.Methods: Stem cells were isolated from rat adipose tissue and oral mucosa. After passaging, cells were subjected to Aln, Sv separately as well as combined in their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. After seven days, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alizarin stain. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate Osteopontin gene expression.Results: Our results demonstrated that the proposed combination of Aln and Sv in their IC50 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of both types of stem cells.Conclusion: The combined effect of Aln and Sv may represent a novel pharmacological approach in treating bone metastasis and at the same time treating the cancer itself

Security Trade-offs in Cyber Physical Systems: A Case Study Survey on Implantable Medical Devices

The new culture of networked systems that offer everywhere accessible services has given rise to various types of security trade-offs. In fact, with the evolution of physical systems that keep getting integrated with cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more critical effects as they get reflected on the physical environment. As a result, the issue of security of cyber physical systems requires a special holistic treatment. In this paper, we study the trade-off between security, safety and availability in such systems and demonstrate these concepts on implantable medical devices as a case study. We discuss the challenges and constraints associated with securing such systems and focus on the trade-off between security measures required for blocking unauthorized access to the device, and the safety of the patient in emergency situations where such measures must be dropped to allow access. We analyze the up to date proposed solutions and discuss their strengths and limitations

Integral Distinguishers for Reduced-round Stribog

In January 2013, the Stribog hash function officially replaced GOST R 34.11-94 as the new Russian cryptographic hash standard GOST R 34.11-2012. Stribog is an AES-based primitive and is considered as an asymmetric reply to the new SHA-3 selected by NIST. In this paper we investigate the structural integral properties of reduced version of the Stribog compression function and its internal permutation. Specifically, we present a forward and backward higher order integrals that can be used to distinguish 4 and 3.5 rounds, respectively. Moreover, using the start from the middle approach, we combine the two proposed integrals to get 6.5-round and 7.5-round distinguishers for the internal permutation and 6-round and 7-round distinguishers for the compression function

Watch your Constants: Malicious Streebog

In August 2012, the Streebog hash function was selected as the new Russian cryptographic hash standard (GOST R 34.11-2012). In this paper, we investigate the new standard in the context of malicious hashing and present a practical collision for a malicious version of the full hash function. In particular, we apply the rebound attack to find three solutions for three different differential paths for four rounds, and using the freedom of the round constants we connect them to obtain a collision for the twelve rounds of the compression function. Additionally, and due to the simple processing of the counter, we bypass the barrier of the checksum finalization step and transfer the compression function collision to the hash function output with no additional cost. The presented attack has a practical complexity and is verified by an example. While the results of this paper may not have a direct impact on the security of the current Streebog hash function, it presents an urge for the designers to publish the origin of the used parameters and the rational behind their choices in order for this function to gain enough confidence and wide spread adoption by the security community

A Meet in the Middle Attack on Reduced Round Kuznyechik

Kuznyechik is an SPN block cipher that has been recently chosen to be standardized by the Russian federation as a new GOST cipher. The algorithm updates a 128-bit state for nine rounds using a 256-bit key. In this paper, we present a meet-in-the-middle attack on the 5-round reduced cipher. Our attack is based on the differential enumeration approach, where we propose a distinguisher for the middle rounds and match a sequence of state differences at its output. However, the application of the exact approach is not successful on Kuznyechik due to its optimal round diffusion properties. Accordingly, we adopt an equivalent representation for the last round where we can efficiently filter ciphertext pairs and launch the attack in the chosen ciphertext setting. We also utilize partial sequence matching which further reduces the memory and time complexities through relaxing the error probability. The adopted partial sequence matching approach enables successful key recovery by matching parts of the generated sequence instead of the full sequence matching used in the traditional settings of this attack. For the 5-round reduced cipher, the 256-bit master key is recovered with a time complexity of 2^{140.3}, a memory complexity of 2^{153.3}, and a data complexity of 2^{113}

The Computational Techniques Developed to Analyze DNA Gel Images

The analysis of gel electrophoresis images is very crucial for molecular biologists to comprehend and interpret their experimental results. Thus, enhancing current mathematical methods and developing new accurate ones is very important and challenging task for bioinformaticians. For example, enhancing the commonly used mathematical method in gel analysis known as "Fitting method estimation" and proposing a new efficient method entitled "Ruler estimation" for preprocessing a given image and detecting lanes and bands automatically. Both mathematical methods implemented in our newly developed software. Three mathematical models namely, linear, quadratic and cubic fitting are tested for the accuracy of detecting the bands and lanes in the gel image to determine the best fitting model. A friendly user interface is developed for this new program using MATLB GUI to extract useful bimolecular information accurately and automatically. The new software has the ability to manually add or delete any band(s) and estimate the size of any unknown band(s) on the gel. Moreover, the similarity and (dis)similarity between lanes "samples" are estimated based on comparing the numbers and sizes of bands to generate a phylogram tree