1,1′-Bis(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-3,3′-diisobutyl-4,4′-diphen­oxy-1H,1′H-4,4′-bipyrazole-5,5′(4H,4′H)-dione

In the title compound, C38H36F2N4O4, the pyrazole rings form dihedral angles of 50.02 (4) and 18.05 (4)° with their attached fluorobenzene rings, and make dihedral angles of 76.08 (4) and 73.54 (5)° with the aromatic ring of the attached phen­oxy group. In the crystal, the molecules are connected by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

4-{[5-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]carbon­yl}-N-(4-cyano­phen­yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide

In the title compound, C28H22ClFN6O2, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the least-squares plane through the four coplanar atoms forms dihedral angles of 69.37 (13) and 56.56 (12)°, respectively, with the pyrazole and cyano­phenyl rings. The dihedral angles formed between the pyrazole and the attached fluoro- and chloro­phenyl rings are 34.16 (10) and 73.27 (12)°, respectively. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into sheets parallel to the ac plane

5-Isobutyl-4-phenyl­sulfonyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one

The title compound, C13H16N2O3S, consists of two crystallographically independent mol­ecules with similar geometries and exists in a keto form, the C=O bond lengths being 1.267 (2) and 1.254 (2) Å. In both mol­ecules, the pyrazole rings are approximately planar, with maximum deviations of 0.017 (2) and 0.010 (2) Å, and the dihedral angles between the pyrazole and phenyl rings are 83.63 (11) and 70.07 (12)°. In one mol­ecule, an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond with an S(6) ring motif is observed. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into two-dimensional networks parallel to the ab plane

1-{[5-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]carbon­yl]}piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C21H17ClFN3O2, the 1H-pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 36.73 (7), 18.73 (7) and 60.88 (8)°, respectively, with the mean planes of the chloro­phenyl, 4-oxo­piperidine and fluoro­phenyl rings. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bond, which forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into chains along [101]. In addition, inter­molecular C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds with an R 2 1(7) ring motif connect neighbouring chains into layers parallel to the ac plane

Impact of Selenium Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Cluster Bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

The present study deals with the impact of selenium nanoparticles on growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba grown for a period 60 days Sodium selenite and ascorbic acid was utilized for the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles using precipitation method. Selenium nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM, EDAX, FTIR and XRD. Pot culture studies of cluster bean in different quantity of Selenium nanoparticles such as 0,100, 200, 300, 400 and 500mg for treatment T0 (Control) T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 and growth biochemical and yield were estimated at the end of 60 days. SEM image of selenium nanoparticles was observed as spherical in shape. EDAX spectrum recorded on purity of selenium nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of selenium nanoparticles was analyzed in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 spectral bands were observed. The germination percentage in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are 100,90,80,90,100 and 100 respectively. Among the treatments the shoot length is higher (21.8) in T1 containing 100mg of selenium nanoparticles and lower in(12.01) T5 containing 500mg of nanoparticles. Root length, fresh and dry weight and leaf area were higher in T2. The vigor index is higher T4.The chlorophyll a, b total Chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, protein, L-proline, free amino acids and leaf nitrate were higher inT4.Among the treatments yield of cluster bean is higher in T4 and lower in T0

1-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl­sulfanyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one

The title compound, C16H13FN2OS, has undergone enol-to-keto tautomerism during the crystallization process. The 1H-pyrazole-5-one ring [maximum deviation = 0.0198 (11) Å] is inclined at angles of 33.10 (5) and 79.57 (5)° with respect to the fluoro­phenyl [maximum deviation = 0.0090 (12) Å] and phenyl­thiol [maximum deviation = 0.0229 (3) Å] rings attached to it. In the crystal, neighbouring mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers, generating R 2 2(8) ring motifs. These dimers are further linked into two-dimensional arrays parallel to the bc plane via inter­molecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal is further stabilized by weak π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6921 (7) Å] and C—H⋯π inter­actions

In-vitro study of formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension of tamoxifen

Background: Nanosuspension technology has been developed as a promising candidate for efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs. It could maintain the required crystalline state of the drug with reduced particle size, leading to an increased reporting on dissolution rate and therefore improved bioavailability.Methods: In this paper, we report on the preparation of Tamoxifen nanosuspension by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim is to obtain a stable nanosuspension with an increased drug saturation solubility and dissolution velocity. The morphology and particle size distribution of the modified nanosuspensions were characterized by the means of several analyses that included: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X- ray diffractometry (XRD).Results: HPH was employed to produce aqueous drug nanosuspensions with fine solubility and dissolution properties, which render the produced particles stable up to one month. In addition, the prepared nanosuspensions possessed a high drug-loading efficiency (10%). The recoded zeta potential values (≈ -27 mV) indicated that the prepared nanosuspensions possess a higher degree of long-term stability. TEM data showed narrow size distribution with average size 322.7 nm. Morphologically, as indicated from results, the produced nanosuspensions have a homogenous distribution even after redispersion, indicating the stability of the product.Conclusions: It was possible to obtain Tamoxifen nanosuspensions with fine solubility and dissolution properties. Nanosuspensions possessed a high drug- loading (10%), which could reduce the dosage administration and gastrointestinal side effects. HPH can be employed to produce aqueous drug nanosuspensions that are stable up to one month. Aqueous nanosuspension can be converted to dry nanocrystals by lyophilization which offer superior physicochemical properties

TIME to think about delirium: improving detection and management on the acute medical unit

Delirium affects 18%-35% patients in the acute hospital setting, yet is often neither detected nor managed appropriately. It is associated with increased risk of falls, longer hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality rates. It is a frightening and unpleasant experience for both patients and their families. We used quality improvement tools and a multicomponent intervention to promote detection and improve management of delirium on the acute medical unit (AMU). We reviewed whether a delirium screening tool (4AT) had been completed for all patients aged over 65 years admitted to the AMU over 1 week. If delirium was detected, we assessed whether investigation and management was adequate as per national guidance. After baseline data collection, we delivered focused sessions of delirium education for doctors and nursing staff, including training on use of the 4AT tool and the TIME (Triggers, Investigate, Manage, Engage) management bundle. We introduced TIME checklists, an online delirium order set and created a bedside orientation tool. We collected data following the interventions and identified areas for further improvement. Following our first PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) cycle, use of the 4AT screening tool improved from 40% to 61%. Adequate assessment for the causes of and exacerbating factors for delirium increased from 73% to 94% of cases. Use of personal orientation tools improved from 0% to 38%. In summary, a targeted staff education programme and practical aids for the ward have improved the screening and management of delirium on the AMU. This may be improved further through more frequent training sessions to account for regular change-over of junior doctors and through implementing a nursing champion for delirium

Risk of prostate cancer after isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) detected on extended core needle biopsy : a UK hospital experience.

Background High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a precursor lesion to prostate cancer (CaP). UK-based studies examining the occurrence of isolated HGPIN and subsequent risk of CaP are lacking. Our aim was to assess the occurrence of HGPIN in a regional UK population and to determine whether in a retrievable cohort of such patients that had repeat extended core biopsies, there was an elevated risk of CaP. Methods A retrospective analysis of the pathology database was conducted at our institution (Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) for prostate biopsies recorded between January 2001 and December 2005 (all extended core biopsies). Those patients with isolated HGPIN on 1st set of biopsies were identified and, their clinical characteristics and pathological findings from subsequent biopsies (if any) were determined. The risk of CaP on subsequent biopsies based on presenting baseline PSA was stratified. Results Of 2,192 biopsied patients, there were 88 cases of isolated HGPIN of which 67 patients underwent one or more repeat biopsies. In this repeat-biopsy group, 28 CaP diagnoses were made. Age at first biopsy (P 20 ng/ml – 87.5%. Conclusion Based on our results, we recommend delaying the 1st repeat biopsy at low PSA range but to have a shorter interval to repeat biopsies at intermediate and higher PSA ranges