New Formulas and Predictions for Running Masses at Higher Scales in MSSM

Including contributions of scale-dependent vacuum expectation values of Higgs scalars, we derive new one-loop formulas analytically for running quark-lepton masses at higher scales in MSSM. Apart from the gauge-coupling dependence being different from earlier formulas, the third-generation- Yukawa-coupling effects are absent in the masses of the first two generations. While predicting the masses and $\tan\beta$ numerically, we also include two-loop effects.Comment: 9 pages Latex.Typos correcte

Precision and uncertainties in mass scale predictions in SUSY SO(10) with SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L} x SU(3)_C intermediate breaking

In a class of SUSY SO(10) with $SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L} x SU(3)_C$ $(g_{2L}\neq g_{2R})$ intermediate gauge symmetry, we observe that the prediction on the unification mass $(M_U)$ is unaffected by Planck-scale-induced gravitational and intermediate-scale-threshold effects, although the intermediate scale $(M_I)$ itself is subject to such corrections. In particular, without invoking the presence of additional lighter scalar degrees of freedom but including plausible and reasonable threshold effects, we find that interesting solutions for neutrino physics corresponding to $M_I\simeq 10^{10}-10^{13}$ GeV and $M_U\simeq (5-6) x 10^{17}$ GeV are permitted in the minimal models. Possibilities of low-mass right-handed gauge bosons corresponding to $M_I\simeq 1-10$ TeV consistent with the CERN-LEP data are pointed out in a number of models when threshold effects are included using effective mass parameters.Comment: 12 pages including 7 tables (Typos corrected as per the published version

The Role of Solid Mechanics in Electrochemical Energy Systems such as Lithium-ion Batteries

AbstractThe effect of stress on storage particles within a lithium-ion battery, while acknowledged, is not fully understood. In this study we identify the importance of solid mechanics in the performance and reliability of the system. We identify three non-dimensional parameters that govern the stress response within a spherical storage particle, and we describe the results of numerical simulations that characterize particle stresses. The non-dimensional groups contain system parameters such as the diffusion coefficient, the particle radius, the lithium partial molar volume and the host material's Young's modulus. Stress maps are presented for various values of these parameters for fixed rates of insertion and extraction, with boundary conditions applied to particles similar to those found in a battery. Stress and lithium concentration profiles for various values of these parameters show that the coupling between stress and concentration is magnified depending on the values of the parameters

Weight loss surgery in the elderly: is this the future

The UK population is ageing rapidly, and the proportion of people living with obesity is increasing. Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke and cancer. Older patients are admitted for obesity related complications at a similar rate compared to younger patients. However, the operations for people over 70-years are extremely infrequent. In this scoping review we summarize the recent data on bariatric operations in people over 70-years and the possible risk benefit ratio of bariatric surgery for this population

Is detecting oral cancer in general dental practices a realistic expectation? A population-based study using population linked data in Scotland

Introduction: Despite the increasing burden of oral cancer (OC) – including oral cavity (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) – it remains a relatively low-volume disease in Scotland, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that dentists only see between one and two cases in their practising careers. Aims: To examine, for the first time on a population-basis via data linkage, whether early detection by general dental practices (GDP) is a realistic expectation by i) estimating the number of OC cases/year a dentist in Scotland may encounter over time, accounting for the deprivation level of practice location and dental registration/attendance rates, and ii) assessing whether patients attended GDPs two years pre-diagnosis. Materials and methods: Scottish Cancer Registry data on all OC cases (2010-2012), published NHS Scotland dental workforce and registration/participation statistics, and individual patient data linked with NHS dental service activity were analysed. Results: Dentists were estimated to potentially encounter one case of OC every 10 years, OCC every 16.7 years, and OPC every 25 years. However, 53.7% of OC patients had made no dental contact two years pre-diagnosis. Conclusion: Strategies for early detection must consider the rarity of OC incidence and poor dental attendance patterns. These results highlight the importance of improving access and uptake of dental services among those at highest risk to increase the opportunities for early detection

Accumulative reservoir construction: Bridging continuously relaxed and periodically refreshed extended reservoirs

The simulation of open many-body quantum systems is challenging, requiring methods to both handle exponentially large Hilbert spaces and represent the influence of (infinite) particle and energy reservoirs. These two requirements are at odds with each other: Larger collections of modes can increase the fidelity of the reservoir representation but come at a substantial computational cost when included in numerical many-body techniques. An increasingly utilized and natural approach to control the growth of the reservoir is to cast a finite set of reservoir modes themselves as an open quantum system. There are, though, many routes to do so. Here, we introduce an accumulative reservoir construction -- an ARC -- that employs a series of partial refreshes of the extended reservoirs. Through this series, the representation accumulates the character of an infinite reservoir. This provides a unified framework for both continuous (Lindblad) relaxation and a recently introduced periodically refresh approach (i.e., discrete resets of the reservoir modes to equilibrium). In the context of quantum transport, we show that the phase space for physical behavior separates into discrete and continuous relaxation regimes with the boundary between them set by natural, physical timescales. Both of these regimes ``turnover'' into regions of over- and under-damped coherence in a way reminiscent of Kramers' crossover. We examine how the range of behavior impacts errors and the computational cost, including within tensor networks. These results provide the first comparison of distinct extended reservoir approaches, showing that they have different scaling of error versus cost (with a bridging ARC regime decaying fastest). Exploiting the enhanced scaling, though, will be challenging, as it comes with a substantial increase in (operator space) entanglement entropy.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figure

Potential of Archimedes Screw Turbine in Rural India Electrification: a Review

With the growing population of India, the demand for energy consumption is increasing. For the overall development of a region, especially remote areas, electricity is of prime importance. Production of electricity in large scale can further lead to various effects like environmental pollution, climate change and it is also costly. Thus the need for a socio-economic energy conversion to electricity is of prime importance for a sustainable development. India has a huge potential in the Hydro to generate 2,50,000 MW. An Archimedes Screw Turbine that was earlier used as a pump can give a very good solution in harnessing water potential. It rotates as water flows through it, rotating the generator\u27s prime mover connected to it. Archimedes Screw turbines operate at a low head of 0.8m to 10 m and relatively lower flow rate than the other turbines and more cost effective and are highly efficient. The AST is quite a new form of electricity generation practice which has been implemented in different countries along with India. Thus the electrification scenario in rural areas can be improved specially where there is a continuous flow of a river or canal by the installation of the low-cost socio-economic AST

Electrocautery, diathermy, and surgical energy devices: are surgical teams at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to provide a rapid synthesis of available data to identify the risk posed by utilizing surgical energy devices intraoperatively due to the generation of surgical smoke, an aerosol. Secondarily it aims to summarize methods to minimize potential risk to operating room staff. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Continuing operative practice during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic places the health of operating theatre staff at potential risk. SARS-CoV2 is transmitted through inhaled droplets and aerosol particles, thus posing an inhalation threat even at considerable distance. Surgical energy devices generate an aerosol of biological particular matter during use. The risk to healthcare staff through use of surgical energy devices is unknown. METHODS: This review was conducted utilizing a rapid review methodology to enable efficient generation and dissemination of information useful for concurrent clinical practice. RESULTS: There are conflicting stances on the use of energy devices and laparoscopy by different surgical governing bodies and societies. There is no definitive evidence that aerosol generated by energy devices may carry active SARS-CoV2 virus. However, investigations of other viruses have demonstrated aerosolization through energy devise use. Measures to reduce potential transmission include appropriate personal protective equipment, evacuation and filtration of surgical plume, limiting energy device use if appropriate, and adjusting endoscopic and laparoscopic practice (low CO2 pressures, evacuation through ultrafiltration systems). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 through aerosolized surgical smoke associated with energy device use is not fully understood, however transmission is biologically plausible. Caution and appropriate measures to reduce risk to healthcare staff should be implemented when considering intraoperative use of energy devices