Epitaxial undoped indium oxide thin films: Structural and physical properties.

Indium oxide thin films were grown by the pulsed electron beam deposition method on c-cut sapphire substrates at 10−2 mbar oxygen pressure and temperature up to 500 1C. Such conditions lead to the formation of dense, smooth and stoichiometric In2O3 films, with the cubic bixbyite structure. Epitaxial thin films were obtained at substrate temperatures as low as 200 1C. Pole figure measurements indicate the existence of (111) oriented In2O3 crystallites with different in-plane symmetry, i.e. three-fold and six-fold symmetry. The origin of this effect may be related to the specificities of the growth method which can induce a large disorder in the oxygen network of In2O3, leading then to a six-fold symmetry in the (111) plane of the bixbyite structure. This temperature resistivity behaviour shows metallic conductivity at room temperature and a metal– semiconductor transition at low temperature for In2O3 films grown at 200 1C, while the classical semiconductor behaviour was observed for the films grown at 400 and 500 1C. A maximum mobility of 24.7 cm2/V s was measured at 200 1C, and then it falls off with improving the crystalline quality of films. The optical transparency is high (480%) in a spectral range from 500 nm to 900 nm

Effects of substrate and ambient gas on epitaxial growth indium oxide thin films

Indium oxide thin films were grown by pulsed electron beam deposition method at 500 °C on c-cut sapphire and (0 0 1) oriented LaAlO3 single crystal substrates in oxygen or argon gas. The effects of ambient gas and substrate symmetry on the growth of indium oxide thin films were studied. Stoichiometric In2O3 films are formed in oxygen, while oxygen deficient In2O2.5 films are grown in argon, with In metallic nanoclusters embedded in a In2O3 matrix (nanocomposite films). In both cases, epitaxial In2O3 films having the bixbyite phase were grown with various orientation relationships, depending upon the substrate symmetry and gas ambient (oxygen or argon). Domain matching epitaxy was used to describe the precise in-plane epitaxial film-substrate relationships. The differences in film texture were correlated to the differences in growth conditions, while the differences in the film properties were correlated to the film oxygen composition

High Resolution of Water Availability for Emilia-Romagna Region over 1961–2015

In this study, monthly time series of precipitations and temperatures from 1024 controlled and homogeneous meteorological stations located in the Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy) are processed in order to assess potential climate changes that occurred during the period 1961–2015. Normal period as baseline between 1961 and 1990 (1990s) and recent period between 1991 and 2015 (2010s) were adopted in this study to analyse the possible effect of climate change on water availability during long-term period. Based on monthly and annual temperature (TT), precipitation (PP), and potential (ET0), the actual evapotranspiration (AET0) and water availability (WA) were computed at high spatial resolution. Between the two analysed periods, during the 2010s, it was found an increase in the maximum mean annual temperature by 1.08°C while the maximum mean annual precipitation saw a slight decrease (from 2222 mm to 2086 mm). The precipitation decrease is more intense in the South and West sectors of area (8%) and mainly depends on negative changes taking place during the winter and the beginning of spring (from December to March). The maximum mean annual ET0 and AET0 reached values of 663 mm and 565 mm during the 1990s, while during the 2010s, the found values were 668 mm and 572 mm, respectively. Because of the decrease in precipitation and increase in the ET0 and AET0, the WA (the proportion of precipitation that is available at the soil surface for subsequent infiltration and runoff processes) shows a reduction (about 10–20%) in the whole region, with exception of the North-East part of the Emilia-Romagna region. The decrease in the mean annual water availability induces severe issues concerning the water resources management across the whole Emilia-Romagna region

NDM-516: TSUNAMI VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CANADIAN WEST COAST COMMUNITIES BASED ON EVACUATION CAPABILITY

The Canadian Pacific coast is located in a highly seismic region with active convergent plates with the potential to generate large tsunamis. The tsunami vulnerability of communities in British Columbia is assessed using geographical information system (GIS) model for potential run up heights between 3-25 m and the difference between the necessary pedestrian time to safety and the tsunami arrival time, defined as the available time (AT). Using these metrics, 8 communities were identified to be highly vulnerable to tsunami due to run ups of 25 m: Ucluelet, Gordon River 2 IRI, Tofino, Esowista 3 IRI, Hesquiat 1 IRI, Hope Island 1 IRI, and Masset and Masset 1 IRI. The high vulnerability level was considered when the AT was less than 15 min. Tofino and Ucluelet were assessed to be particularly vulnerable given that they are resort communities where high number of tourists during peak seasons. Additionally, many large tourist accommodations are located near the shoreline, which are high-risk regions. The majority of the BC population is located in the low vulnerability regions of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Georgia. Delta and Richmond were determined to have negative ATs as the majority of their communities are located within low-lying areas, but these areas are highly vulnerable to tsunamis caused by landslides. This study highlights the need for reliable run-up modelling in high vulnerability regions, which is currently lacking throughout British Columbia

Fredholm conditions for invariant operators: finite abelian groups and boundary value problems

We answer the question of when an invariant pseudodifferential operator is Fredholm on a fixed, given isotypical component. More precisely, let $\Gamma$ be a compact group acting on a smooth, compact, manifold $M$ without boundary and let $P \in \psi^m(M; E_0, E_1)$ be a $\Gamma$-invariant, classical, pseudodifferential operator acting between sections of two $\Gamma$-equivariant vector bundles $E_0$ and $E_1$. Let $\alpha$ be an irreducible representation of the group $\Gamma$. Then $P$ induces by restriction a map $\pi_\alpha(P) : H^s(M; E_0)_\alpha \to H^{s-m}(M; E_1)_\alpha$ between the $\alpha$-isotypical components of the corresponding Sobolev spaces of sections. We study in this paper conditions on the map $\pi_\alpha(P)$ to be Fredholm. It turns out that the discrete and non-discrete cases are quite different. Additionally, the discrete abelian case, which provides some of the most interesting applications, presents some special features and is much easier than the general case. We thus concentrate in this paper on the case when $\Gamma$ is finite abelian. We prove then that the restriction $\pi_\alpha(P)$ is Fredholm if, and only if, $P$ is "$\alpha$-elliptic", a condition defined in terms of the principal symbol of $P$. If $P$ is elliptic, then $P$ is also $\alpha$-elliptic, but the converse is not true in general. However, if $\Gamma$ acts freely on a dense open subset of $M$, then $P$ is $\alpha$-elliptic for the given fixed $\alpha$ if, and only if, it is elliptic. The proofs are based on the study of the structure of the algebra $\psi^{m}(M; E)^\Gamma$ of classical, $\Gamma$-invariant pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of the vector bundle $E \to M$ and of the structure of its restrictions to the isotypical components of $\Gamma$. These structures are described in terms of the isotropy groups of the action of the group $\Gamma$ on $E \to M$

Ground-state energies for helium, H-, and Ps-

Nonrelativistic energy and other properties of He, H- and Ps- were discussed using a triple basis set in Hylleraas coordinates. The stability and efficiency of the computational method was compared with the quasirandom method. Results showed that the triple basis set in Hylleraas coordinates is capable of exceeding the accuracy of calculations for three-body system based on quasirandom Monte Carlo methods