CLA+ memory T cells in atopic dermatitis

Circulating skin‐homing cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA)$^{+}$ T cells constitute a small subset of human memory T cells involved in several aspects of atopic dermatitis: Staphylococcus aureus related mechanisms, the abnormal Th2 immune response, biomarkers, clinical aspects of the patients, pruritus, and the mechanism of action of targeted therapies. Superantigens, IL‐13, IL‐31, pruritus, CCL17 and early effects on dupilumab‐treated patients have in common that they are associated with the CLA$^{+}$ T cell mechanisms in atopic dermatitis patients. The function of CLA$^{+}$ T cells corresponds with the role of T cells belonging to the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue and could be a reason why they reflect different mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and many other T cell mediated skin diseases. The goal of this review is to gather all this translational information of atopic dermatitis pathology

Human CLA+ memory T cell and cytokines in psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin condition resulting from the interplay between epidermal keratinocytes and immunological cellular components. This sustained inflammation is essentially driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines with the IL-23/IL-17 axis playing a critical central role, as proved by the clinical efficacy of their blockade in patients. Among all the CD45R0+ memory T cell subsets, those with special tropism for cutaneous tissues are identified by the expression of the Cutaneous Lymphocyte-associated Antigen (CLA) carbohydrate on their surface, that is induced during T cell maturation particularly in the skin-draining lymph nodes. Because of their ability to recirculate between the skin and blood, circulating CLA+ memory T cells reflect the immune abnormalities found in different human cutaneous conditions, such as psoriasis. Based on this premise, studying the effect of different environmental microbial triggers and psoriatic lesional cytokines on CLA+ memory T cells, in the presence of autologous epidermal cells from patients, revealed important IL-17 cytokines responses that are likely to enhance the pro-inflammatory loop underlying the development of psoriatic lesions. The goal of this mini-review is to present latest data regarding cytokines implicated in plaque and guttate psoriasis immunopathogenesis from the prism of CLA+ memory T cells, that are specifically related to the cutaneous immune system

The experiences of family members of persons with intellectual disabilities who used residential care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Aim: The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and procedures: Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. Results: Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. Conclusion: The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. Outcomes and results: Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future

Allergen sensitization stratifies IL-31 production by memory T cells in atopic dermatitis patients

Background:The role of allergen sensitization in IL-31 production by T cells and specifically in the clinical context of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been characterized. MethodsThe response to house dust mite (HDM) in purified memory T cells cocultured with epidermal cells from AD patients (n=58) and control subjects (n=11) was evaluated. AD-associated cytokines from culture supernatants, plasma proteins and mRNA expression from cutaneous lesions were assessed and related with the clinical features of the patients. ResultsHDM-induced IL-31 production by memory T cells defined two subsets of AD patients according to the presence or absence of IL-31 response. Patients in the IL-31 producing group showed a more inflammatory profile, and increased HDM-specific (sp) and total IgE levels compared to the IL-31 non-producing group. A correlation between IL-31 production and patient's pruritus intensity, plasma CCL27 and periostin was detected. When the same patients were analyzed based on sp IgE and total IgE levels, an increased IL-31 in vitro response, as well as type 2 markers in plasma and cutaneous lesions, was found in patients with sp IgE levels > 100 kUA/L and total IgE levels > 1000 kU/L. The IL-31 response by memory T cells was restricted to the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)(+) T-cell subset. ConclusionIgE sensitization to HDM allows stratifying IL-31 production by memory T cells in AD patients and relating it to particular clinical phenotypes of the disease

International Consensus Document on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

El objetivo principal de este documento internacional de consenso sobre apnea obstructiva del sueno es proporcionar unas directrices que permitan a los profesionales sanitarios tomar las mejores decisiones en la asistencia de los pacientes adultos con esta enfermedad según un resumen crítico de la literatura más actualizada. El grupo de trabajo de expertos se ha constituido principalmente por 17 sociedades científicas y 56 especialistas con amplia representación geográfica (con la participación de 4 sociedades internacionales), además de un metodólogo experto y un documentalista del Centro Cochrane Iberoamer icano. El documento consta de un manuscrito principal, con las novedades más relevantes del DIC, y una serie de manuscritos online que recogen las búsquedas bibliográficas sistemáticas de cada uno de los apartados del DIC. Este documento no cubre la edad pediátrica ni el manejo del paciente en ventilación mecánica crónica no invasiva (que se publicarán en sendos documentos de consenso aparte)

Elements per a una reflexió didàctica sobre l'etnocentrisme als manuals escolars d'història

La present publicació és !'extracte d'una investigació més ampla que al llarg d'un any ens ocupa a l'equip GRUP D'ESTUDIS sobre TERCER MÓN; desgraciadament, per limitacions d'espai, el que transcriurem a continuació és una part molt petita del que varem fer i que hom pot consultar en els arxius de !'ICE.Aquest serà el primer d'una serie de treballs en una mateixa perspectiva, que tractarem de sistematitzar en un projecte més ambiciós: ESCOLA i TERCER MÓN. La pretensió d'aquest projecte serà la d'introduir a l'escola aspectes relacionats amb- les civilitzacions del tercer món, sensibilitzar alumnes i professors sobre la diversitat cultural, formar professors, en seminaris ("'), sobre les aplicacions didàctiques de les nostres propostes, establir plans de cooperació amb els projectes que la UNESCO desenvolupa actualment al respecte de reanomenada «Educació per la Pau» i, en definitiva, constituir un centre especialitzat i orientat a assessorar tothom que estigui interessat en els aspectes assenyalats

Carta a qui ha d'ensenyar persones adultes i joves. Amb glossari i autors de referència

Podeu consultar la versió en castellà a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/2480

Carta a quien tiene que enseñar a personas adultas y jóvenes. Con glosario y autores de referencia

Podeu consultar la versió en català a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/2126