The relationship between single-sex and co-educational environments on socioemotional development

There have been many debates over the advantages and disadvantages of single-sex education with regards to socioemotional development. Although some research shows that girls are often neglected in the classroom when boys are present, other research states that single-sex education may not be as beneficial as thought. The purpose of this study was to examine the discrepancies between previous research on single-sex and co-educational environments in relation to socioemotional development. Specifically, we investigated the differences in perceived competence, self-esteem, locus of control, and perceived social support. Within these areas of socioemotional development, we expect differences to exist based on educational environment. However, we are reluctant to postulate which educational environment will yield the higher scores in each area since conflicting research is present

A classification of the symmetries of uniform discrete defective crystals

Crystals which have a uniform distribution of defects are endowed with a Lie group description which allows one to construct an associated discrete structure. These structures are in fact the discrete subgroups of the ambient Lie group. The geometrical symmetries of these structures can be computed in terms of the changes of generators of the discrete subgroup which preserve the discrete set of points. Here a classification of the symmetries for the discrete subgroups of a particular class of three-dimensional solvable Lie group is presented. It is a fact that there are only three mathematically distinct types of Lie groups which model uniform defective crystals, and the calculations given here complete the discussion of the symmetries of the corresponding discrete structures. We show that those symmetries corresponding to automorphisms of the discrete subgroups extend uniquely to symmetries of the ambient Lie group and we regard these symmetries as (restrictions of) elastic deformations of the continuous defective crystal. Other symmetries of the discrete structures are classified as ‘inelastic’ symmetries

A framework for detecting unnecessary industrial data in ETL processes

Extract transform and load (ETL) is a critical process used by industrial organisations to shift data from one database to another, such as from an operational system to a data warehouse. With the increasing amount of data stored by industrial organisations, some ETL processes can take in excess of 12 hours to complete; this can leave decision makers stranded while they wait for the data needed to support their decisions. After designing the ETL processes, inevitably data requirements can change, and much of the data that goes through the ETL process may not ever be used or needed. This paper therefore proposes a framework for dynamically detecting and predicting unnecessary data and preventing it from slowing down ETL processes - either by removing it entirely or deprioritizing it. Other advantages of the framework include being able to prioritise data cleansing tasks and determining what data should be processed first and placed into fast access memory. We show existing example algorithms that can be used for each component of the framework, and present some initial testing results as part of our research to determine whether the framework can help to reduce ETL time.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2014.694555

Group elastic symmetries common to continuum and discrete defective crystals

The Lie group structure of crystals which have uniform continuous distributions of dislocations allows one to construct associated discrete structures—these are discrete subgroups of the corresponding Lie group, just as the perfect lattices of crystallography are discrete subgroups of R 3 , with addition as group operation. We consider whether or not the symmetries of these discrete subgroups extend to symmetries of (particular) ambient Lie groups. It turns out that those symmetries which correspond to automorphisms of the discrete structures do extend to (continuous) symmetries of the ambient Lie group (just as the symmetries of a perfect lattice may be embedded in ‘homogeneous elastic’ deformations). Other types of symmetry must be regarded as ‘inelastic’. We show, following Kamber and Tondeur, that the corresponding continuous automorphisms preserve the Cartan torsion, and we characterize the discrete automorphisms by a commutativity condition, (6.14), that relates (via the matrix exponential) to the dislocation density tensor. This shows that periodicity properties of corresponding energy densities are determined by the dislocation density

Baker's conjecture for functions with real zeros

Baker's conjecture states that a transcendental entire functions of order less than 1/2 has no unbounded Fatou components. It is known that, for such functions, there are no unbounded periodic Fatou components and so it remains to show that they can also have no unbounded wandering domains. Here we introduce completely new techniques to show that the conjecture holds in the case that the transcendental entire function is real with only real zeros, and we prove the much stronger result that such a function has no orbits consisting of unbounded wandering domains whenever the order is less than 1. This raises the question as to whether such wandering domains can exist for any transcendental entire function with order less than 1. Key ingredients of our proofs are new results in classical complex analysis with wider applications. These new results concern: the winding properties of the images of certain curves proved using extremal length arguments, growth estimates for entire functions, and the distribution of the zeros of entire functions of order less than 1

Geometrical structure of two-dimensional crystals with non-constant dislocation density

We outline mathematical methods which seem to be necessary in order to discuss crystal structures with non-constant dislocation density tensor(ddt) in some generality. It is known that, if the ddt is constant (in space), then material points can be identified with elements of a certain Lie group, with group operation determined in terms of the ddt - the dimension of the Lie group equals that of the ambient space in which the body resides, in that case. When the ddt is non-constant, there is also a relevant Lie group (given technical assumptions), but the dimension of the group is strictly greater than that of the ambient space. The group acts on the set of material points, and there is a non-trivial isotropy group associated with the group action. We introduce and discuss the requisite mathematical apparatus in the context of Davini's model of defective crystals, and focus on a particular case where the ddt is such that a three dimensional Lie group acts on a two dimensional crystal state - this allows us to construct corresponding discrete structures too

A comparison of proximal and distal high-frequency jet ventilation in an experimental animal model

High-frequency jet ventilation using either a proximal or a distal endotracheal injection site through a triple-lumen endotracheal tube was studied in 10 adult cats. The comparative effects on pulmonary gas exchange, tracheal pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were examined for each injection site at both high (8–12 pounds per square inch [PSI] and low (5–8 PSI) jet-driving pressures in normal and lung-injured cats. Lung injury was created by modification of a surfactant washout technique previously demonstrated in rabbits. Alveolar ventilation (Paco 2 ) was found to be significantly better with distal than with proximal jet injection under all experimental conditions. At high jet-driving pressures, peak inspiratory pressure was higher in both normal (p = 0.03) and lung-injured cats (p = 0.002) with distal high-frequency jet ventilation. In addition, lung-injured animals were observed to have higher distal mean airway pressures at high jet-driving pressures (p < 0.01). No differences in oxygenation were found in any circumstances. The results of this animal study suggest that distal high-frequency jet ventilation may be more effective in those situations in which improvement in alveolar ventilation is the major goal and that during proximal high-frequency jet ventilation airway pressures should be monitored as far distally as possible.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38592/1/1950020410_ftp.pd

Myc stimulates B lymphocyte differentiation and amplifies calcium signaling

Deregulated expression of the Myc family of transcription factors (c-, N-, and L-myc) contributes to the development of many cancers by a mechanism believed to involve the stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. However, using B cell–specific c-/N-myc double-knockout mice and Eμ-myc transgenic mice bred onto genetic backgrounds (recombinase-activating gene 2−/− and Btk−/− Tec−/−) whereby B cell development is arrested, we show that Myc is necessary to stimulate both proliferation and differentiation in primary B cells. Moreover, Myc expression results in sustained increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which is required for Myc to stimulate B cell proliferation and differentiation. The increase in [Ca2+]i correlates with constitutive nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation, reduced Ca2+ efflux, and decreased expression of the plasma membrane Ca2+–adenosine triphosphatase (PMCA) efflux pump. Our findings demonstrate a revised model whereby Myc promotes both proliferation and differentiation, in part by a remarkable mechanism whereby Myc amplifies Ca2+ signals, thereby enabling the concurrent expression of Myc- and Ca2+-regulated target genes