Challenges of the Rural Environment in a Global Economy

published or submitted for publicatio

A History of the Secondary Schools of Cocke County

Importance of the study: This study is important because it will provide information to students of Cocke County history, particularly to those interested in the field of secondary education, show possibilities for curriculum improvement in the schools, and point out forces that have influenced the curriculum in the past and will have influence in the future; give present day educator in Cocke County a time perspective to his tasks and the day-by-day problems that he faces. This survey of events may be used to develop fruitful generalizations from past experiences to act as controls for behavior in the present and future. A historical study such as this one may contribute to the understanding of contemporary problems, detect fads and frills, and act as a solvent for pedagogical prejudices. The writer intends to throw a light on the current problems, and to present facts which may be applied to social situations, or to the interests, activities, and problems of educational workers

The U.S. Farming Sector Entering the 1990's: Twelfth Annual Report on the Status of Family Farms

Farm numbers continued to decline throughout the 1980's as they have since 1935. The U.S. farm sector will enter the 1990's in a much improved financial position after the financial difficulties of the early and mid-1980's. Small farms dominate in farm numbers, but a relatively few large commercial farms produce most US. food and fiber. Almost all US. farms are family-owned businesses. Today's farmers who hope to continue into the 21st century must master the technical aspects of farm production and marketing and also understand the implications for their farm businesses of changes in Federal monetary and fiscal policy, international exchange rates, environmental policy, tax policy, and emerging technologies

Epidemic Malaria in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java

After more than 50 years of effective management, resurgent malaria threatens residents in the Menoreh Hills and the foothills of the Dieng Plateau of Central Java, Indonesia. The Dieng Plateau dominates the highland center of Central Java. The steep Menoreh Hills, surrounded by rice paddy habitats, cover approximately 500 km2 with no peaks greater than 1,000 m. We studied epidemic malaria in Purworejo district, one of the three districts containing the Menoreh Hills. Between 1986 and 1995, the annual parasite incidence (API) in Purworejo ranged from 2 to 11 cases per 1,000 residents per year and was typically approximately 5 per 1,000. In 2000 the API was 44.5. This sharp increase was confined to subdistricts in and around the Menoreh Hills and Dieng Plateau foothills. The primary vectors of malaria, those favoring steep, forested hillsides on Java, were Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles balabacensis. Deterioration of vector control activity, followed by a severe economic downturn in 1997, may explain the epidemic. Malaria in the Menoreh Hills and lower Dieng Plateau threatens surrounding areas of rice paddy inhabited by Anopheles aconitus as well as a nearby coastal habitat where the even more efficient vector Anopheles sundaicus occurs in abundance. Most of the 130 million people living on Java never experienced the hyper- and holoendemic malaria that occurred throughout most of the island before the effective DDT spraying and chloroquine treatment campaigns of the 1950s. Reintroduced endemic malaria threatens the island of Java

Antibodies to the leucine-rich repeat region of internalin block entry of Listeria monocytogenes into cells expressing E-cadherin.

Internalin, a surface protein essential for entry of Listeria monocytogenes EGD into epithelial cells, was used as an antigen to raise nine monoclonal antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies recognized seven distinct epitopes which were located in three different regions of the protein. Three of them inhibited internalin-mediated entry and recognized the amino-terminal leucine-rich repeat region of the protein, suggesting that this region is essential for entry

Large scale purification of presynaptic plasma membranes from Torpedo marmorata electric organ

The presynaptic plasma membrane (PSPM) of cholinergic nerve terminals was purified from Torpedo electric organ using a large-scale procedure. Up to 500 g of frozen electric organ were fractioned in a single run, leading to the isolation of greater than 100 mg of PSPM proteins. The purity of the fraction is similar to that of the synaptosomal plasma membrane obtained after subfractionation of Torpedo synaptosomes as judged by its membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase activity, the number of Glycera convoluta neurotoxin binding sites, and the binding of two monoclonal antibodies directed against PSPM. The specificity of these antibodies for the PSPM is demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy