Penanggulangan Cyber Crime melalui Penal Policy

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menyebabkan hubungan dunia menjadi tanpa batas dan menyebabkan Perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya secara signifikan berlangsung dengan demikian cepat. Teknologi informasi saat ini menjadi pedang bermata dua, karena selain memberikan kontribusi bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan, kemajuan, dan peradaban manusia, sekaligus menjadi sarana efektif perbuatan melawan hukum. Di satu sisi kemajuan teknologi membawa dampak positif, namun juga membawa dampak negatif, dengan munculnya berbagai jenis high tech crime dan cyber crime. Dilihat dari perspektif hukum pidana, upaya penanggulangan cyber crime dengan penal policy, khususnya di Indonesia dapat dilihat dari berbagai aspek, antara lain aspek kebijakan kriminalisasi (formulasi tindak pidana), aspek pertanggungjawaban pidana atau pemidanaan, dan aspek jurisdiksi, juga patut mendapat perhatian adalah tindakan penyidikan terhadap cyber crime dalam upaya mengungkap dan memberikan sanksi bagi setiap pelaku cyber crime

Pencatatan Perkawinan dan Syarat Sah Perkawinan dalam Tatanan Konstitusi

Diwajibkannya pencatatan perkawinan oleh negara melalui peraturan Perundang-undangan merupakan kewajiban administratif. Makna pentingnya kewajiban administratif berupa pencatatan perkawinan tersebut, menurut Mahkamah Konstitusi, dapat dilihat dari dua perspektif. Pertama, dari perspektif negara, pencatatan dimaksud diwajibkan dalam rangka fungsi negara memberikan jaminan perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia yang merupakan tanggung jawab negara dan harus dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip negara hukum yang demokratis yang diatur serta dituangkan dalam peraturan Perundang-undangan. Kedua, pencatatan secara administratif yang dilakukan oleh negara dimaksudkan agar perkawinan, sebagai perbuatan hukum penting dalam kehidupan yang dilakukan oleh yang bersangkutan, yang berimplikasi terjadinya akibat hukum yang sangat luas, di kemudian hari dapat dibuktikan dengan bukti yang sempurna dengan suatu akta otentik, sehingga perlindungan dan pelayanan oleh negara terkait dengan hak-hak yang timbul dari suatu perkawinan dapat terselenggara secara efektif dan efisien. Pencatatan perkawinan tidak menjadi dasar untuk menentukan sah atau tidaknya suatu perkawinan. Penentuan keabsahan suatu perkawinan menjadi domain aturan yang digariskan masing-masing agama dan aliran kepercayaan yang dianut calon mempelai. Perkawinan sah jika dilakukan menurut syarat-syarat yang telah ditetapkan agama, dan akan lebih memiliki kepastian hukum jika perkawinan tersebut dilakukan pencatatan menurut peraturan yang berlaku

New record of parasitic isopod (Isopoda: Bopyridae) infecting the branchial chamber of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda: Portunidae) in the Philippines

A parasitic disease causing swollen carapace in commercially important blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus L.) has not received considerable attention; neither its causative agent is identified nor its seasonality is recorded. This study aimed to identify the parasite in P. pelagicus inhabiting the Manila Bay. Parasite found in the branchial chamber were isolated, preserved in ethanol and examined. A total of 292 crab specimens were examined and ten were found to be infected (3.42% prevalence with 0–2 parasites per host). Infections were only observed in November 2014 and between January and June 2015. The highest prevalence of infection (10.34%) was recorded in January 2015 whereas the greatest intensity of infection (up to two parasites per infected crab individual) was recorded from February to April 2015. The parasite, based on morphology, was identified as Allokepon monodi. This study presents the third record of female and second record of male A. monodi infecting a crab species. It also represents the first record of male A. monodi in P. pelagicus and in the Philippines. We recommend further studies on the impacts and economic implications of the disease

Order and Disorder in Mixed (Si, P)–N Networks Sr2SiP2N6:Eu2+ and Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+

In the field of nitride phosphors, which are crucial for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes, mixed tetrahedral networks hold a significant position. With respect to the wide range of compositions, the largely unexplored (Si, P)–N networks are investigated as potential host structures. In this work, two highly condensed structures, namely Sr2SiP2N6 and Sr5Si2P6N16 are reported to address the challenges that arise from the similarities of the network-forming cations Si4+ and P5+ in terms of charge, ionic radius, and atomic scattering factor, a multistep workflow is employed to elucidate their structure. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-EDX maps, and straightforward crystallographic calculations, it is found that Sr2SiP2N6 is the first ordered, and Sr5Si2P6N16 the first disordered, anionic tetrahedral (Si, P)–N network. After doping with Eu2+, Sr2SiP2N6:Eu2+ shows narrow cyan emission (λmax = 506 nm, fwhm = 60 nm/2311 cm−1), while for Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+ a broad emission with three maxima at 534, 662, and 745 nm upon irradiation with ultraviolet light is observed. An assignment of Sr sites as probable positions for Eu2+ and their relation to the emission bands of Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+ is discussed

Ultrasound definition of tendon damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a OMERACT consensus-based ultrasound score focussing on the diagnostic reliability

Methods: We conducted a Delphi study on ultrasounddefined tendon damage and ultrasound scoring system of tendon damage in RA among 35 international rheumatologists with experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound. Twelve patients with RA were included and assessed twice by 12 rheumatologists-sonographers. Ultrasound examination for tendon damage in B mode of five wrist extensor compartments (extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus; extensor pollicis longus; extensor digitorum communis; extensor digiti minimi; extensor carpi ulnaris) and one ankle tendon (tibialis posterior) was performed blindly, independently and bilaterally in each patient. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were calculated by κ coefficientsRoche Netherlands BV provided funding for the reliability exercise. Roche Netherlands BV did not participate in the study design, data collection, dataanalysis, or writing of the manuscript. Supported by the project (Ministry of Health, Czech Republic) for conceptual development of research organization 023728 (Institute of Rheumatology) and by project No. NT1243

Generative Active Learning for the Search of Small-molecule Protein Binders

Despite substantial progress in machine learning for scientific discovery in recent years, truly de novo design of small molecules which exhibit a property of interest remains a significant challenge. We introduce LambdaZero, a generative active learning approach to search for synthesizable molecules. Powered by deep reinforcement learning, LambdaZero learns to search over the vast space of molecules to discover candidates with a desired property. We apply LambdaZero with molecular docking to design novel small molecules that inhibit the enzyme soluble Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (sEH), while enforcing constraints on synthesizability and drug-likeliness. LambdaZero provides an exponential speedup in terms of the number of calls to the expensive molecular docking oracle, and LambdaZero de novo designed molecules reach docking scores that would otherwise require the virtual screening of a hundred billion molecules. Importantly, LambdaZero discovers novel scaffolds of synthesizable, drug-like inhibitors for sEH. In in vitro experimental validation, a series of ligands from a generated quinazoline-based scaffold were synthesized, and the lead inhibitor N-(4,6-di(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinazolin-2-yl)-N-methylbenzamide (UM0152893) displayed sub-micromolar enzyme inhibition of sEH

A sonographic spectrum of psoriatic arthritis: “the five targets”

Ultrasound is a rapidly evolving technique that is gaining an increasing success in the assessment of psoriatic arthritis. Most of the studies have been aimed at investigating its ability in the assessment of joints, tendons, and entheses in psoriatic arthritis patients. Less attention has been paid to demonstrate the potential of ultrasound in the evaluation of skin and nail. The aim of this pictorial essay was to show the main high-frequency grayscale and power Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with psoriatic arthritis at joint, tendon, enthesis, skin, and nail level

Ultrasound versus conventional radiography in the assessment of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.

Bone erosions are the hallmark of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis and both their detection and increase in number and/or in size are indicative of a poor outcome. To date, conventional radio-graphy is still the most common imaging tool adopted for detecting and scoring joint damage in daily clinical practice, in spite of its low sensitivity with respect computerised tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. Ultrasound is a rapidly evolving technique that is gaining an increasing success in the assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It permits an early detection and careful characterisation of bone erosions playing a key role in both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Ultrasound presents several advantages over other imaging techniques: it is patient-friendly, safe and non-invasive, free of ionising radiation, less expensive, and permit multiple target assessment in real time without the need for external referral. The aim of this review is to compare conventional radiography and ultrasound in the assessment of bone erosions in RA in daily rheumatology practice and to provide insights into which modality can provide the optimal information for a desired outcome in a given clinical trial or practice situation

Determining the Conceptual Independence of Self-Identity in Reasoned Action Models

Self-identity was proposed as an extension of the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The authors of the RAA rejected this, because self-identity’s conceptual independence from the three conventional determinants was insufficiently established. Recently, a systematic review on self-identity proposed a new definition and formulation of self-identity items. We assessed whether these items are applicable to multiple health behaviors, in samples from two countries, and assessed self-identity’s conceptual independence while addressing previous studies’ limitations. Participants in six samples (condom use, exercising and drinking alcohol, in America and India, N = 643) completed self-report questionnaires. We operationalized conceptual independence using statistics from explorative factor analysis and correlation coefficients, and assessed the conceptual independence of self-identity, attitude, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control. Results suggested that self-identity was not clearly conceptually independent when compared to the conceptual independence suggested by the original RAA determinants relative to each other. This relative conceptual dependence of the RAA determinants prompted us to revisit the justifications accompanying prior additions of determinants. Using a similar justification, we conclude that self-identity is conceptually independent and propose a self-identity scale that is applicable to a broad range of behaviors, in various cultural contexts