Purification and Characterization of Enoyl-acp Reductase From Euglena Gracilis

Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase was purified from the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis. Its purification employed DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Matrex Orange chromatography, and affinity chromatography using acyl carrier protein (ACP) covalently bound to Sepharose as the affinity ligand. Matrex Orange chromatography resolved two different enoyl-ACP reductases having different characteristics. Euglena gracilis appears to resemble higher plants in the possession of two isoforms of this enzyme. Antibodies specific for the cofactor binding site of NADP (H)-requiring dehydrogenases were obtained. They were isolated from a polyclonal population of antibodies directed against yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by affinity chromatography using chicken liver malic enzyme as the affinity ligand. The affinity purified antibodies were covalently bound to Sepharose. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were both bound by the antibody column and were eluted by their cofactor, NADP\sp+, identifying the site of recognition of the enzymes by the antibodies as the cofactor binding site. The utility of this antibody affinity column was demonstrated by its ability to bind enoyl-ACP reductase, which was eluted by its cofactor, NADPH. Preliminary studies of the E. gracilis fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes were undertaken using the plasmid pFAS4 (Witkowski et al., 1987), which contains a cDNA insert to part of the rat liver FAS mRNA and was a gift of Dr. Stuart Smith. The insert was cleaved with KpnI and PstI to generate probes specific for the ketoreductase, ACP, and thioesterase domains of the FAS. DNA from wild type E. gracilis and from a mutant, W\sb{10}BSML, which lacks chloroplast DNA, was subjected to field inversion gel electrophoresis and the DNA alkaline-blotted onto Nylon membranes. Hybridization of the three probes to the DNA was performed; all three probes hybridized to nuclear DNA, but none of the three hybridized to chloroplast DNA. The three probes also hybridized to a band which was neither nuclear nor cholorplast DNA. This DNA, which was larger than the chloroplast genome, may represent E. gracilis mitochondrial DNA sequences

Ceramic composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, northern Negev desert, Israel: investigating technology and provenance using thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossils

Technological innovations in ceramic production and other crafts are hallmarks of the Chalcolithic period (4500–3600 BCE) in the southern Levant, but details of manufacturing traditions have not been fully investigated using the range of analytical methods currently available. This paper presents results of a compositional study of 51 sherds of ceramic churns and other pottery types from the Chalcolithic site of Shiqmim in the northern Negev desert. By applying complementary thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossil analyses, connections between the raw materials, clay paste recipes and vessel forms of the selected ceramic samples are explored and documented. The study indicates that steps in ceramic manufacturing can be related to both technological choices and local geology. Detailed reporting of the resulting data facilitates future comparative ceramic compositional research that is needed as a basis for testable regional syntheses and to better resolve networks of trade/exchange and social group movement

The Development of an Objective Approach to the Measurement and Improvement of Aural Discrimination in Music

The purpose of this experiment is therefore (1) to design a test to measure the skill of a heterogeneous group of college music students and (2) to administer and evaluate an aural training program which could be used to develop efficiently aural intelligence. The students used in this experiment were intentionally chosen with varying abilities in order to permit comparisons. A careful record was kept of their ages, musical experiences, major instruments (voice, piano, violin, and other orchestral instruments), amount of training, skill and technique, and theory grades

Relationship Between Brand Experience, Brand Personality, Consumer Satisfaction, and Consumer Loyalty of DSSMF Brand

PT XYZ is one of the market leaders of Indonesia's tobacco market with domination in almost all segments of cigarette. However, PT XYZ is still considered unsuccessful in capturing the market of Full Flavor Machine Made Cigarette (known as SKM FF). This is proven by insignificant performance of DSSMF as PT XYZ's product under SKM FF segment, especially in Javanese market. This research is aimed to analyze the relationship of brand experience, brand personality, consumer satisfaction, and consumer loyalty of DSSMF. Furthermore, this research attempts to examine the role of brand personality as mediating variable between DSSMF brand experience and consumer loyalty. This research used simple random sampling method. Moreover simple and multiple linear regressions were used as themethods of data-analysis. In gathering the data, the writers used online questionnaire with DSSMF consumers domiciled in Java as the targeted respondents and successfully gathered 94 respondents. These research findings indicate that consumer satisfaction is the only variable significantly impacting DSSMF consumer loyalty. Brand experience and brand personality variables are found to be insignificant to consumer loyalty of DSSMF. Consequently, brand personality is proven not to be the mediating variable between brand experience and consumer loyalty of DSSMF

Comprehension Instruction for Elementary Learners: A Content Analysis of Professional Literacy Texts

This study examined how reading comprehension was addressed in literacy texts used with preservice teachers at five universities in the southwestern United States. Universities were selected based on the highest number of graduates receiving their initial Early Childhood through 4th grade (EC-4) teaching certificates. An introductory Reading course was selected from each university. A total of 11 required textbooks were examined for definitions of reading comprehension, the presence of reading instructional incidents (RIIs), and reading comprehension instructional incidents (RCIIs). Overall, more RIIs (reading instruction) than RCIIs (reading instruction related to comprehension) were found

PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL IKAN SEGAR DIKOTA AMBON

One of the objectives of pricing is to achieve stable prices that do not easily rise and fall. With fixed and stable prices, we can avoid potential price wars. This price war can occur when there is a decrease in demand. Product prices are forced down in order to attract buyers. Pricing is influenced by Internal Factors and External Factors. Internal factors include the company's marketing objectives, costs, marketing mix strategies, and pricing methods. Meanwhile, external factors include the nature of the market and demand, competition, and other environmental elements. Selling price is an important thing that is of concern to producers in smoked fish marketing because it will determine the profits obtained for business continuity (Tjiptono, 2015). To achieve a profit desired by producers, one of the ways that needs to be done to attract consumer interest is to determine the selling price of the product appropriately (Waryanto and Nasrulloh, 2014). This is because the price level set will affect the quantity of products sold, because from the consumer's point of view the price is an indicator of the benefits obtained. Fish is one of the fishery products that is easily rotten and requires extra tight handling, so that the quality of the product can be maintained and the price to be offered can be adjusted to existing conditions. Fresh fish is fish that has characteristics including prominent eyes, red gills, complete scales, chewy meat, fresh aroma, and solid tail