Evaluation of focal liver lesions by magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with pathology

 Background: The goals of imaging in focal liver lesions is to assess the number, size, location and characterize the lesions as benign / malignant with newer imaging modalities and confirmation of pathology by Fine needle aspiration cytology or by biopsy. This is essential for treatment planning and prognosis.Methods: A total of 42 patients detected to have focal lesions in liver on ultra-sonogram were characterized on MRI on the basis of morphology, signal characteristics, enhancement patterns. Extra hepatic spread is suggested by capsular breach, peritoneal metastases and lymph node enlargement. Tissue diagnosis was obtained by fine needle aspiration cytology/ Tru cut biopsy/ surgery. Hemangiomas and simple cysts were followed up for an average period of 7.5 months by imaging without biopsy.Results: Out of 42 patients, 28 were males (68%) and 14 were females (32%). The age range was 20 to 70 years with a mean age of 51 years for malignant lesions. The right lobe of liver was involved in 26 (62%), left lobe in 7 (17%) and both lobes in 9(21%) cases. There were 24 benign and 18 malignant lesions. The mean ADC value was 2.092 X 10-3 sec/ mm2 and 1.241 X 10-3 sec/ mm2 for benign and malignant lesions respectively. The difference in mean ADC values in both the groups was significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: MRI was able to predict diagnosis in 38 of the 42 lesions (90%) which were proved on pathology or by follow up imaging. MRI could not provide specific diagnosis in two early abscess, one each of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma and regenerative nodules. Thus MR imaging is a powerful tool for the evaluation of focal liver lesions

STUDY OF HRCT CHEST FINDINGS AND SEVERITY SCORE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS

Objectives: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) refers to a CT scan that gives a more precise cross-section image of the lungs than a regular chest CT and chest X-ray. HRCT chest uses specific technologies for better image resolution with exquisite lung details ideal for assessment. This modality can be applied in diagnosing and grading severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. HRCT is more sensitive and accurate in diagnosing diffuse lung disease. Since HRCT can detect even small nodules in the lungs, it can detect severe abnormalities at an early stage of the infection and help to plan appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to study HRCT chest findings in patients with COVID-19 infection and correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters.   Methods: This was a prospective and retrospective observational study done for duration of 1 year, that is, from June 2020 to May 2021 in the Department of Radio-diagnosis at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Tiruporur-Guduvancherry, Main Road, Ammapettai, Nellikuppam, Kancheepuram district on 235 COVID-19 positive patients. Results: The typical findings were ground glass opacity + reticular pattern (GGO +crazy paving) noted 50.2% moderate cases and 13.2% severe cases. The mild group (CT-SS of 1–8) consisted of 56 patients (23.83%), moderate group (CT-SS of 9–12) consisted of 143 (60.85%) patients where as severe group (CT-SS of &gt;13) was composed of 36 (15.32%). Conclusion: HRCT chest plays an important role in early identification of the COVID-19 infection. HRCT severity score helps to the patients in guiding the treatment and monitor disease progression

Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Using CNN Based Pre-trained Models

Memory loss and impairment are signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which may also cause other issues. It has a significant impact on patients' lives and is incurable, but rapid recognition of Alzheimer's disease can be useful to initiate appropriate therapy to avoid further deterioration to the brain. Previously, Machine Learning methodswere used to detect Alzheimer's disease. In recent times, Deep Learning algorithms have become more popular for pattern recognition. This workconcentrates on the recognition of Alzheimer's disease at a preliminary phase using advanced convolutional neural network models. As the disease advances, they steadily forget everything. It is critical to detect the disease as quickly as possible. The proposed model usespre-trained models that uses magnetic resonance imaging of the brain to determine if a person has very mild, mild, moderate, or non-dementia. The models used for classification are VGG16, VGG19, and ResNet50 architectures and provide performance comparison

CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) AND Zn(II) BINARY COMPLEXES OF L-METHIONINE IN 1,2-PROPANEDIOL–WATER MIXTURES

Chemical speciation of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of L-methionine in 0.0-60 % v/v 1,2-propanediol-water mixtures maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 M at 303 K has been studied pH metrically. The active forms of ligand are LH2+, LH and L-. The predominant species detected are ML, MLH, ML2, ML2H, ML2H2 and MLOH. Models containing different numbers of species were refined by using the computer program MINIQUAD 75. The best-fit chemical models were arrived at based on statistical parameters. The trend in variation of complex stability constants with change in the dielectric constant of the medium is explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. KEY WORDS: Complex equilibria, Chemical speciation, L-Methionine, 1,2-Propanediol, Metals Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2007, 21(3), 363-372

A Comparative Study on the Dimensional Error of 3D CAD Model and SLS RP Model for Reconstruction of Cranial Defect

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology that produces models and prototype parts from 3D CAD model data, CT/MRI scan data, and model data created from 3D object digitizing systems. There are several RP process like Stereolithography (SLA), Solid Ground Curing (SGC), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), 3D Printing (3DP) among them SLS and FDM RP processes are used to fabricate pattern of custom cranial implant. RP technology is useful in engineering and biomedical application. This is helpful in engineering for product design, tooling and manufacture etc. RP biomedical applications are design and development of medical devices, instruments, prosthetics and implantation; it is also helpful in planning complex surgical operation. The traditional approach limits the full appreciation of various bony structure movements and therefore the custom implants produced are difficult to measure the anatomy of parts and analyse the changes in facial appearances accurately. Cranioplasty surgery is a surgical correction of a defect in cranial bone by implanting a metal or plastic replacement to restore the missing part. This paper aims to do a comparative study on the dimensional error of CAD and SLS RP Models for reconstruction of cranial defect by comparing the virtual CAD with the physical RP model of a cranial defect

Efficient conversion of aldoximes into nitriles and ketoximes into amides using bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride

Bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride(bmpc) has been identified as a new reagent to efficiently convert aldoxime into nitriles through dehydrogenation and ketoximes into amides through Beckmann rearrangement. When compared to other chlorophosphate reagents used earlier, which are liquids and irritating, bmpc is a non-irritating stable solid. In all the reactions, products are obtained in high yields and purity

Optical determination of flexoelectric coefficients and surface polarization in a hybrid aligned nematic cell

A. Mazzulla, F. Ciuchi, and J. Roy Sambles, Physical Review E, Vol. 64, article 021708 (2001). "Copyright © 2001 by the American Physical Society."We present an optical study of the influence of both the flexoelectric effect and surface polarization on a hybrid-aligned nematic cell using the half-leaky guided mode technique. Tilt angle profiles, obtained from fits of experimental data (reflectivity curves) taken under applied voltages, are compared with the ones derived by a complete theoretical model. Measurements with an applied alternating voltage allow the evaluation of the anchoring energy by solving the torque balance equation at the planar surface. From measurements with static fields, the sum of flexoelectric coefficients and the surface polarization are determined by numerical solution of Euler-Lagrange equations

ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA FLOW FOR 802.16 WIMAX NETWORKS 1

Cross-layer design for quality of service (QoS) in WiMax has attracted much research interest recently. Such networks are expected to support various types of applications with different and multiple QoS and grade-ofservice (GoS) requirements. In order to achieve this, several key technologies spanning all layers, from physical up to network layer, have to be exploited and novel algorithms for harmonic and efficient layer interaction must be designed. Unfortunately most of the existing works on cross-layer design focus on the interaction of up to two layers while the GoS concept in WMNs has been overlooked. The research on traditional cross- layered architecture which has served well for wired networks seems to be inefficient and not suitable for the wireless networks. Most of the cross-layer design proposals for wireless networks involve exchanging information between multiple layers or between just two layers. In this paper, we propose to develop a Cross-Layer Based QoS Routing (CLBQR) Protocol for 802.16 WiMAX Networks. In our protocol, the cross layer routing is based on the routing metrics which includes power, link quality and end-to-end delay. Then the routing is performed by estimating the combined cost value of these metrics. By simulation results, we show that our proposed protocol achieves higher packet delivery ratio with reduced energy consumption and delay. KEYWORDS