2,529 research outputs found
Distribution-Based Categorization of Classifier Transfer Learning
Transfer Learning (TL) aims to transfer knowledge acquired in one problem,
the source problem, onto another problem, the target problem, dispensing with
the bottom-up construction of the target model. Due to its relevance, TL has
gained significant interest in the Machine Learning community since it paves
the way to devise intelligent learning models that can easily be tailored to
many different applications. As it is natural in a fast evolving area, a wide
variety of TL methods, settings and nomenclature have been proposed so far.
However, a wide range of works have been reporting different names for the same
concepts. This concept and terminology mixture contribute however to obscure
the TL field, hindering its proper consideration. In this paper we present a
review of the literature on the majority of classification TL methods, and also
a distribution-based categorization of TL with a common nomenclature suitable
to classification problems. Under this perspective three main TL categories are
presented, discussed and illustrated with examples
Of the significance of business relationships
The Industrial Network Theory aims to describe and explain the business relationships and networks in which the focal firm is deeply embedded. One of its major propositions is that business relationships somehow influence, to different extents and over time, the focal firmâs survival. This pertains to the diverse and time-varying significance of business relationships for the focal firm. It has often been implicitly sustained that such significance is strongly related to the role played by business relationships and consequently the relationship outcomes accruing to the focal firm. The logic underlying the relationship significance proposition is outwardly oriented, somewhat overlooking the focal firmâs inside and in particular the conspicuous influence of business relationships on what the focal firm does competently both within and across its vertical boundaries. Arguably, the (predominantly âfunctionalâ) network-based arguments currently advanced represent a necessary but not sufficient condition for relationship significance. This conceptual paper tentatively suggests that there may be missing a supplementary (essentially internal) explanation supported by Competence-based Theories of the Firm.Industrial Network Theory; relationship significance proposition
Relationship significance: is it sufficiently explained?
The Industrial Networks Theory (cf. Axelsson and Easton, 1992, Hakansson and Snehota, 1995) sets out to describe and explain the business relationships and markets in which the focal firm is deeply embedded. One of its major propositions pertains to the (time-varying) significance of business relationships for the focal firm (Gadde et al., 2003), i.e., business relationships influence to some extent the focal firmâs survival. Such significance seems strongly related to the role played by business relationships and consequently the relationship outcomes accruing to the focal firm. The theoretical justification underlying this proposition is outwardly oriented, somewhat overlooking the inside of the focal firm - in particular the influence of business relationships on what the focal firm does competently within and across its boundaries. Arguably, the creation and appropriation of relationship value by the focal firm is a necessary but not sufficient condition for relationship significance. A supplementary (internal) explanation supported by Knowledge-based Theories of the Firm (e.g., see Kogut and Zander, 1992), we suggest, may be missing. Our aim here has been to intuitively pinpoint a theoretical flaw, further suggesting a feasible path for its solution.Industrial Networks Theory; relationship significance proposition; relationship functions, dysfunctions, benefits, sacrifices, and value
How is the relationship significance brought about? A critical realist approach
The markets-as-networks theorists contend, at least tacitly, the significance of business relationships for the focal firm â that is, business relationships contribute somewhat to the focal firmâs survival and growth. We do not deny the existence of significant business relationships but sustain, in contrast to the consensus within the Markets-as-Networks Theory, that relationship significance should not be a self-evident assumption. Significance cannot be a taken-for-granted property of each and every one of the focal firmâs business relationships. We adopt explicitly a critical realist position in this conceptual paper and claim that the relationship significance is an event of the business world, whose causes remain yet largely unidentified. Where the powers and liabilities of business relationships (i.e., their functions and dysfunctions) are put to work, inevitably under certain contingencies (namely the surrounding networks and markets), effects result for the focal firm (often benefits in excess of sacrifices, i.e., relationship value) and as a result the relationship significance is likely to be brought about. In addition, the relationship significance can result from the dual influence that business relationships have on a great part of the structure and powers and liabilities of the focal firm, i.e., its nature and scope respectively.Markets-as-Networks Theory, relationship significance, business relationships, focal firm, resources, competences, activities
Stacked Denoising Autoencoders and Transfer Learning for Immunogold Particles Detection and Recognition
In this paper we present a system for the detection of immunogold particles
and a Transfer Learning (TL) framework for the recognition of these immunogold
particles. Immunogold particles are part of a high-magnification method for the
selective localization of biological molecules at the subcellular level only
visible through Electron Microscopy. The number of immunogold particles in the
cell walls allows the assessment of the differences in their compositions
providing a tool to analise the quality of different plants. For its
quantization one requires a laborious manual labeling (or annotation) of images
containing hundreds of particles. The system that is proposed in this paper can
leverage significantly the burden of this manual task.
For particle detection we use a LoG filter coupled with a SDA. In order to
improve the recognition, we also study the applicability of TL settings for
immunogold recognition. TL reuses the learning model of a source problem on
other datasets (target problems) containing particles of different sizes. The
proposed system was developed to solve a particular problem on maize cells,
namely to determine the composition of cell wall ingrowths in endosperm
transfer cells. This novel dataset as well as the code for reproducing our
experiments is made publicly available.
We determined that the LoG detector alone attained more than 84\% of accuracy
with the F-measure. Developing immunogold recognition with TL also provided
superior performance when compared with the baseline models augmenting the
accuracy rates by 10\%
Ernesto do Canto entre os naturalistas açorianos do século XIX
Desde meados do sĂ©culo XVIII, os Açores foram procurados por naturalistas estrangeiros que se dedicavam, principalmente, ao estudo da fauna, da flora e da geologia. Mais, esse interesse pelo arquipĂ©lago aumentou desde que, em 1859, Charles Darwin publicou a obra On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, tendo mesmo originado um nĂșmero
considerĂĄvel de obras publicadas. Esse interesse relacionava-se com o facto destas ilhas, nascidas do mar, poderem suportar formas faunĂsticas e florĂsticas de transição entre as regiĂ”es PaleĂĄrtica e NeĂĄrtica. NĂŁo obstante o interesse da comunidade cientĂfica internacional pelas
ilhas açorianas, apenas alguns poucos açorianos se manifestaram pelo estudo das
ciĂȘncias da natureza, pois sĂł na segunda metade do sĂ©culo XIX, em Ponta Delgada, aconteceu ter convivido um pequeno grupo de naturalistas, em torno do gabinete de ciĂȘncias naturais do liceu da cidade, depois museu, e de alguns jardins particulares. Nesta nota sĂŁo feitas referĂȘncias a esses naturalistas e ao seu envolvimento com o museu e os jardins, justificativas da sua qualidade de estudiosos da histĂłria natural, salientado naquilo que se refere a Ernesto do Canto. [...
Anatomy of relationship significance: a critical realist exploration
Markets-as-networks (MAN) theorists contend, at least tacitly, the significance of business relationships to the firm â that is, business relationships contribute somewhat to corporate survival or growth. One
does not deny the existence of significant business relationships but sustain,
in contrast to the consensus within the MAN theory, that relationship significance should not be a self-evident assumption. For significance cannot be a taken-for-granted property of each and every one of the firmâs
business relationships. The authors adopt explicitly a critical realist metatheoretical
position in this conceptual paper and claim that relationship significance is an event of the business world, whose causes remain yet largely unidentified. Where the powers and liabilities of business relationships
(i.e., relationship functions and dysfunctions) are put to work, inevitably under certain contingencies (namely the surrounding networks and markets), relationship effects ensue for the firm (often benefits in excess of sacrifices, i.e., relationship value) and as a consequence relationship significance is likely to be brought about. In addition,
relationship significance can result from the dual impact that business relationships may have on the structure and powers and liabilities of the firm, that is, on corporate nature and scope, respectively
Latent solitons, black strings, black branes, and equations of state in Kaluza-Klein models
In Kaluza-Klein models with an arbitrary number of toroidal internal spaces,
we investigate soliton solutions which describe the gravitational field of a
massive compact object. We single out the physically interesting solution
corresponding to a point-like mass. For the general solution we obtain
equations of state in the external and internal spaces. These equations
demonstrate that the point-like mass soliton has dust-like equations of state
in all spaces. We also obtain the PPN parameters, which give the possibility to
obtain the formulas for perihelion shift, deflection of light and time delay of
radar echoes. Additionally, the gravitational experiments lead to a strong
restriction on the parameter of the model: . The point-like mass solution contradicts this restriction. The
condition satisfies the experimental limitation and defines a new
class of solutions which are indistinguishable from general relativity. We call
such solutions latent solitons. Black strings and black branes belong to this
class. Moreover, the condition of stability of the internal spaces singles out
black strings/branes from the latent solitons and leads uniquely to the black
string/brane equations of state , in the internal spaces and
to the number of the external dimensions . The investigation of
multidimensional static spherically symmetric perfect fluid with dust-like
equation of state in the external space confirms the above results.Comment: 8 pages, Revtex4, no figures, minor changes adde
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